O presente documento destina-se afornecer orientações provisórias para a definição de casos de GBSe estratégias para gerir a síndrome, no contexto do vírus Zikae sua potencial associação com a GBS. Odocumento pretende informar a elaboração de protocolos clínicos locais e de políticas d...e saúde relacionadas com os cuidados a dispensar aos doentes com GBS. Em Março de 2016, será organizada uma reunião de peritos para elaborar outras orientações destinadas a identificar e gerir a GBS e outros possíveis distúrbios neurológicos,no contexto da transmissão do vírus Zika.
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Este documentopretende fornecer orientações provisórias sobre medições padrão da circunferência da cabeça, padrões de referência para o crescimento, avaliações e investigações clínicas necessárias para estabelecer um diagnóstico de microcefalia e verificar se há anomalias neuroló...gicas associadas
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Le présent document vise à fournir des orientations provisoires sur la mesure du périmètre crânien, les normes de croissance, l’évaluation clinique et les examens requis pour établir un diagnostic de microcéphalie et déterminer si elle s’accompagne d’anomalies neurologiques.
This video animation was created for use in West Africa to help dispel myths about how Ebola is spread, and to prevent infection and further spreading of the disease. The story is based around a teenage boy on a hospital cot in Liberia, who speaks to his parents, brother and sister warning them abou...t the disease and telling them how it can be prevented. The story highlights the need for isolation and shows the heartache of the family as they are unable to comfort, touch, or care for the boy who is very ill. His words are words of comfort to those who are separated from their loved ones as they are encouraged to take care of themselves and keep away from those who are ill.
The video was created by Chocolate Moose Media, an organisation specialising in the use of film and animation for behaviour change, and mobile-health-education innovator iHeed, in collaboration with United Methodist Communications, who provided partial funding.
The video, which uses only young voices, is being made available in eight versions: Nigerian English and Pidgin, South African English, French (for Ivory Coast and Guinea), Sierra Leone English, and Liberian English and Krio. It can be downloaded in high definition, low definition, and for use on mobile platforms.
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Inclusive Project Cycle Management
Inclusive Project Cycle Management
The classification of digital health interventions (DHIs) categorizes the different ways in which digital and mobile technologies are being used to support health system needs. Historically, the diverse communities working in digital health—including government stakeholders, technologists, clinic...ians, implementers, network operators, researchers, donors— have lacked a mutually understandable language with which to assess and articulate functionality. A shared and standardized vocabulary was recognized as necessary to identify gaps and duplication, evaluate effectiveness, and facilitate alignment across different digital health implementations. Targeted primarily at public health audiences, this Classification framework aims to promote an accessible and bridging language for health program planners to articulate functionalities of digital health implementations.
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There is no question that over the last thirty years environmentaldegradation and the ecological crisis have become in our day and age apredominant sign of the times. In response to this worrisome develop-ment official documents of the Roman Catholic Church, at various lev-els, have sought to addres...s the growing ecological concern from theperspective of Catholic social teaching. Consequently references to ecol-ogy and environmental issues have surfaced in papal encyclicals duringthe last fifteen years generating national and regional responses. In theUnited States, for example, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops hasissued two pastoral statements on environmental issues in 1991 and2001. Significantly, the Catholic Bishops of the Pacific Northwest, rep-resenting Canada and the U.S. have also issued a unique internationalletter focused on a particular ecological region—the Columbia RiverWatershed. What all of these efforts hold in common is the attempt toapply Catholic social teaching to a new and disturbing phenomenon inhuman experience. The result has been an expansion of Catholic socialthought. What was once the “social question” has now become the socialand “ecological question.” This development, the effort to address ecol-ogy and environmental issues as ethical problems, is the focus of thispaper. In particular this paper will link environmental and humanecology with the concept of sustainability, with the intention of propos-ing an interpretation of the common good and a definition of sustain-ability within Catholic social teaching.
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El Plan Estratégico Colombia Hacia el Fin de la Tuberculosis, 2016 –2025 es un instrumento para la gestión de los programas en los nivelesnacional y local en su objetivo de respondera los compromisos adquiridos por los países, para adoptarla Estrategia Mundial Fin de la Tuberculosi...s. La Estrategia se suma a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS),una de cuyas metas es el fin de las epidemias de malaria, VIH y tuberculosis para el 2030 (ODS 3). El Plan establece las metas a alcanzar por el Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis en el periodo 2016-2025, los objetivos y actividades para lograrlo y la forma para determinar que se ha logrado. El Plan permite guiar la toma de decisiones sobre la asignación de recursos, el establecimiento de prioridades y la definición de acciones. Para su elaboración se tomó como base la Estrategia Mundial Fin de la Tuberculosis,de la OMS y los componentes y procesos propuestos por la Guía Metodológica para la Construcción de Planes Estratégicos de la OMS.
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En esta publicación se presenta un método integral para brindar apoyo a los Estados Miembros de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) en la preparación para la respuesta a los riesgos para la salud relacionados con el calor en la Región de las Américas. Se basa en los documentos de al...cance mundial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Meteorológica Mundial, así como en los métodos de preparación para hacer frente a desastres aplicados en todos los países de la Región. La presente publicación forma parte de un esfuerzo coordinado por la OPS para ayudar a los Estados Miembros a prepararse para hacer frente a múltiples amenazas e incluye el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de alerta temprana; la caracterización de la amenaza; la definición de los procedimientos de activación y desactivación, y la coordinación institucional. Abarca diferentes disciplinas y reconoce la importancia de la colaboración intersectorial para responder a los riesgos para la salud relacionados con el calor. Procura sensibilizar a las autoridades de salud pública acerca de los efectos del calor sobre la salud de la población de la Región de las Américas y de esa manera fortalecer la prestación de los servicios de salud.
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Диабет 2-го типа или «сахар» широко распространен среди взрослых. Характерный признак болезни – постоянно повышенный уровень сахара в крови. Без правильного лечен...ия диабет поражает сосуды, нервы, органы. Но своевременная диагностика и терапия позволяют иногда избежать осложнений и остановить негативные процессы. Ниже вы найдете информацию о целях и возможностях при лечении диабета 2-го типа
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(female genital mutilation Abk.: FGM)
Maternal mortality has fallen significantly in recent years, especially in countries that have emphasized the prevention of its main causes, such as hemorrhagic and infectious complications and hypertension , including in the Region of the Americas. In its final report on the Plan of Action to Accel...erate the Reduction of Maternal Mortality and Severe Maternal Morbidity, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported a continuing downward trend in maternal mortality, with an 18.1% reduction in the maternal morbidity ratio during the period 2010-2015 . From a pathophysiological perspective, death events are a common end result of a wide spectrum of complications leading to multi-organ dysfunction. However, there is a group of women in this situation who survive, despite the seriousness of their condition. This high number of patients––who were in serious condition
but did not die––reflects the actual health conditions in an institution or a country. For this reason, there is a need to create indicators to estimate morbidity in women due to diseases and incidents that occur during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. To this end, we propose conducting epidemiological surveillance of an indicator that includes women who survived after presenting a potentially fatal complication during pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium, reflecting quality medical attention and care (5, 6). This indicator
is maternal near-miss (MNM), which refers to extremely severe maternal morbidity––cases of a severity that
brings women very close to the death event. After adjusting the definition to a specific population and time,
MNM is defined as a case in which a woman nearly died, but survived a complication that occurred during
pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy
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We developed an integrated vector surveillance (IVS) proposal for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas, based on eco-epidemiological studies conducted by researchers of the Leishmaniasis Research Network of Argentina. For CL, the transmission was explained in ...the framework of the edge effect, the increase of vectors and risk of exposure at ecotones and environmental interfaces, and typified as ephemeral, transient, or permanent edges, supporting a cost-effective IVS strategy for early warning of CL outbreaks through an environmental modification alert network, which includes multiple sources of information and actors. In relation to VL, the earliest colonization sites and spatial distribution were explained by modeling and forecasting the most likely hotspots, persistent in time and space, and modulated by environmental variables. Therefore, for VL, a scalar strategy of critical site selection is proposed from a “city” scale based on secondary sources such as remote sensing for the definition of possible areas to monitor and intervene, a scale of restriction from possible to most likely areas through local knowledge, and a “focal site” scale of trap placement through field observation; in this way, IVS activities are carried out at a few sites of the urban landscape and allow a sustainable program.
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Background: The human helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infections, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis. It is estimated that almost 2 billion people worldwide are infected with helminths. Whilst the WHO treatment guidelines for helminth infecti...ons are mostly aimed at controlling morbidity, there has been a recent shift with some countries moving towards goals of disease elimination through mass drug administration, especially for LF and onchocerciasis. However, as prevalence is driven lower, treating entire populations may no longer be the most efficient or cost-effective strategy. Instead, it may be beneficial to identify individuals or demographic groups who are persistently infected, often termed as being “predisposed” to infection, and target treatment at them.
Methods: The authors searched Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, and Web of Science for all English language, humanbased papers investigating predisposition to helminth infections published up to October 31st, 2017. The varying definitions used to describe predisposition, and the statistical tests used to determine its presence, are summarised. Evidence for predisposition is presented, stratified by helminth species, and risk factors for predisposition to infection are identified and discussed.
Results: In total, 43 papers were identified, summarising results from 34 different studies in 23 countries. Consistent evidence of predisposition to infection with certain species of human helminth was identified. Children were regularly found to experience greater predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium than adults. Females were found to be more predisposed to A. lumbricoides infection than were males. Household clustering of infection was identified for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and S. japonicum. Ascaris lumbricoides and T. trichiura also showed evidence of familial predisposition. Whilst strong evidence for predisposition to hookworm infection was identified, findings with regards to which groups were affected were considerably more varied than for other helminth species.
Conclusion: This review has found consistent evidence of predisposition to heavy (and light) infection for certain human helminth species. However, further research is needed to identify reasons for the reported differences between demographic groups. Molecular epidemiological methods associated with whole genome sequencing to determine ‘who infects whom’ may shed more light on the factors generating predisposition.
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