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World Health Organization WHO
(2022)
C_WHO
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Velazquez Berumen, A.; S. Groth, G. Forte et al.
World Health Organisation (WHO)
(2022)
C_WHO
The country profiles incorporate facts indicating the national status of medical devices in areas such as: medical device policies, regulations, incorporation, lists, inventories, nomenclature, health technology assessment, management, and biomedical engineering resources. This publication is intended for use as a reference by decision-makers in Ministries of Health, nongovernmental organizations and academic institutions involved in health technology at the district, national, regional, or global levels ... more
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World Health Organization WHO
(2022)
C_WHO
Tags:
emergency,
emergency health kits,
Measles,
Cholera,
Trauma,
non-communicable diseases,
Pneumonia,
undernutrition,
blood transfusion,
training material,
Online Courses,
emergency situations,
essential medical supply,
essential medicines list,
disasters,
conflict,
Natural Disasters,
hazards,
humanitarian aid,
humanitarian needs,
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Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority
(2022)
CC
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The Global Health Network
(2022)
CC
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The Global Health Network
(2022)
CC
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Wilkinson, J.L.; A.B. A. Boxall, D. W. Kolpin, et al.
(2022)
CC
PNAS 119 (8) e2113947119 | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119
Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals ... more
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Open WHO; World Health Organization WHO
(2022)
C_WHO
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Open WHO; World Health Organization WHO
(2022)
C_WHO
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Tags:
drug use,
drug development,
AMR,
antibiotic stewardship,
pharmaceutical industry,
Innovation,
Medical Device,
Herbal medicine,
clinical chemistry,
Pharmacology,
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