This paper looks at the status of tuberculosis (TB) advocacy
communication and social mobilization (ACSM) activities in selected
national TB control programmes in the WHO African Region. The
findings are from an assessment of TB ACSM activities in Ghana, Kenya,
Lesotho, Malawi and South Africa.
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Disease control, issue 15
The African health monitor
Accessed November 2017
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Venturini et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2014, 14(Suppl 1):S5 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/14/S1/S5
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0144057 December 14, 2015
Child Survival Working Group
Accessed: 18.10.2019
Research
BMJ 2014;349:g4643 doi: 10.1136/bmj.g4643 (Published 5 August 2014), 1-11
2nd edition.
The tool kit provides learning objects and curricular content to support the competencies for those proficiency/trainee levels
Guidelines for Therapy and Management of Prostate Cancer in Indonesia
Clinical Guidelines for Therapy Management of Benigne Prostate Hyperplasia in Indonesia 2015
Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 23, No. 11, November 2017
Research Article
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0169530 February 16, 2017
Published: February 23, 2010
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000235
Volume 7 | Issue 2 | e1000235
PLoS Pathogens | www.plospathogens.org 1
February 2012 | Volume 8 | Issue 2 | e100246
Pan African Medical Journal. 2016; 25:213 doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.25.213.88
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the second common cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for about 35% of all deaths, after a composite of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases. Despite prior perception of low NCDs mortality rates, current evidence suggests t...hat SSA is now at the dawn of the epidemiological transition with contemporary double burden of disease from NCDs and communicable diseases. In SSA, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most frequent causes of NCDs deaths, responsible for approximately 13% of all deaths and 37% of all NCDs deaths. Although ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been identified as the leading cause of CVDs mortality in SSA followed by stroke and hypertensive heart disease from statistical models, real field data suggest IHD rates are still relatively low. The neglected endemic CVDs of SSA such as endomyocardial fibrosis and rheumatic heart disease as well as congenital heart diseases remain unconquered. While the underlying aetiology of heart failure among adults in high-income countries (HIC) is IHD, in SSA the leading causes are hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart diseases. Of concern is the tendency of CVDs to occur at younger ages in SSA populations, approximately two decades earlier compared to HIC. Obstacles hampering primary and secondary prevention of CVDs in SSA include insufficient health care systems and infrastructure, scarcity of cardiac professionals, skewed budget allocation and disproportionate prioritization away from NCDs, high cost of cardiac treatments and interventions coupled with rarity of health insurance systems. This review gives an overview of the descriptive epidemiology of CVDs in SSA, while contrasting with the HIC and highlighting impediments to their management and making recommendations.
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