This Urban Flood Risk Handbook: Assessing Risk and Identifying Interventions is a roadmap for conducting an urban flood risk assessment in any city in the world. It includes practical guidance for a flood risk assessment project, covering the key hazard and risk modeling stages as well as the evalua...tion of different flood-mitigating infrastructure intervention options and management of the project. The Handbook has been developed based on lessons learned from implementing urban flood risk assessments around the world in a diversity of contexts. It is intended for a wide variety of practitioners: project managers, city officials, and anyone else interested in conducting a strategic study of a city's flood risk and developing potential solutions for it. We expect this Handbook tocontribute to the understanding of urban flood risk, make this specialized knowledge more accessible to a wider public, and support the process of building cities that are not only capable of withstanding floods but also provide safe, inclusive, and sustainable environments for all their residents.
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Following publication of the original article, the authors reported a conversion error that concerned the estimated amounts of development assistance for health (DAH) for 2012–2015; when the authors converted the current prices of 2012–2015 to the constant prices of 2016 using the gross domestic... product (GDP) deflator, they erroneously multiplied the current prices by the GDP deflator instead of dividing them.
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En la reunión de alto nivel de las Naciones Unidas del 2018 se fijó el objetivo de tratar al menos a 40 millones de personas con tuberculosis (TB) entre el 2018 y el 2022; sin embargo, en el 2021 ese objetivo solo se había cumplido en un 66%. Las pruebas diagnósticas son fundamentales para logra...r el objetivo, pero constituyen un eslabón débil en la continuidad de la atención. Las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido recomendadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (PDRO) son sumamente precisas, acortan el tiempo hasta el inicio del tratamiento, influyen en resultados importantes para el paciente y son costo-eficaces. Aunque el objetivo para el año 2025 es que todos los pacientes notificados se hagan inicialmente una PDRO, en el 2021 tan solo el 38% se hizo una PDRO como prueba inicial, y se determinó que el acceso a las pruebas diagnósticas era un problema crítico. Una de las principales consecuencias del uso insuficiente de las PDRO es la gran brecha en la detección de la farmacorresistencia. La presente Norma de la OMS: Acceso universal a las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido de la tuberculosis se basa en las directrices de la OMS y en el manual operativo conexo
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This document presents the World Health Organization Operational framework for building climate resilient and low carbon health systems*. ***The framework's goal is to increase the climate resilience of health systems to protect and improve the health of communities in an unstable and changing clima...te, while optimizing the use of resources and implementing strategies to reduce GHG emissions. It aims to contribute to the design of transformative health systems that can provide safe and quality care in a changing climate.
Implementation of the framework's ten components would help health organizations, authorities, and programmes to be better able to anticipate, prevent, prepare for, and manage climate-related health risks and therefore decrease the burden of associated climate-sensitive health outcomes. Implementing low carbon health practices would contribute to climate change mitigation while also improving health outcomes. Achieving these aims is an important contribution to universal health coverage (UHC), global health security, and specific targets within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The document is a useful resource for decision-makers in health systems, including public health agencies, and other specialized institutions, and for decision-makers in health-determining sectors.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Report 2021 estimated that, in 2020, tuberculosis (TB) was the second most common infectious disease killer after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the 13th leading cause of death (1). Twenty-five per cent (25%) of the world’s population has... latent TB infection, which can develop into disease. In 2020, WHO estimated that 9.9 million people fell ill with TB, but only about 5.8 million (60%) were diagnosed, reported and treated, an 18% fall from 7.1 million in 2019. WHO also estimates that, between 2019 and 2020, global TB mortality increased from 1.2 to 1.5 million, a 5.6% increase
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The VOCAL project (Vocationally Oriented Culture And Language) is a Leonardo da Vinci Transfer of Innovation project funded with the support of the EU Lifelong Learning Programme 2007- 2013. VOCAL consists of web-based language materials designed to assist learners before and during their mobility p...rogramme in a vocational setting.
Project Aim
To generate web-based language materials as a practical and innovative pedagogic response to the need for language and cultural preparation in advance of work placement abroad.
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Just under 2.5 million people die annually due to alcohol use. This global estimate, however, excludes most of the health burden
borne by others than the alcohol user. Alcohol’s harm to others includes a multitude of conditions, such as trauma from traffic crashes, fetal disorders due to prenatal... exposure to alcohol, as well as interpersonal and intimate partner violence. While alcohol’s causal role in these conditions is well-established, alcohol’s harm to others’ contribution to the overall health burden of alcohol remains unknown. This knowledge gap leads to a situation in which alcohol policy and prevention strategies largely focus on the reduction of alcohol’s detrimental health harms on the alcohol users, neglecting affected others and population groups most vulnerable to these harms, including women and children. In this article, we seek to elucidate why estimates for alcohol’s harm to others are lacking and offer guidance for future research. We also argue that a full assessment of the alcohol health burden that includes the harm caused by others’ alcohol use would enhance the visibility and public awareness of such harms, and advancing the evaluation of policy interventions to mitigate them.
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Todos los trabajadores de la salud tienen un objetivo principal: mejorar la salud de las personas. Los trabajadores de la salud son la columna vertebral de todo sistema de salud operativo. Al tiempo que contribuyen al disfrute del derecho a la salud para
todos, también deben disfrutar del derecho ...a unas condiciones laborales saludables y seguras para mantener su propia salud. Las condiciones de trabajo inseguras son uno de los motivos principales de huelga entre el personal de salud de los países
de ingresos bajos . La falta de bienestar y el agotamiento profesional entre los trabajadores de la salud se asocian a una mala calidad de la atención y a resultados negativos para la seguridad de los pacientes, como los errores médicos
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Everyone in the world is exposed to risk factors for chronic respiratory disease (CRD). Three billion people live in urban areas and are exposed to outdoor air pollution. Two billion people are exposed to solid fuel combustion which represents one of the major risk factors worldwide. One billion peo...ple are exposed to tobacco smoke and everyone is exposed to allergens. These risk factors are of particular concern in developing countries and deprived areas.
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This diagnostic and treatment manual is designed for use by medical professionals involved in curative care at the dispensary and hospital levels. We have tried to respond in the simplest and most practical way possible to the questions and problems faced by field medical staff, using the accumulate...d field experience of Médecins Sans Frontières, the recommendations of reference organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and specialized works in each field.
Available in English, French, Spanish and Arabic
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The Lancet Volume 5, Issue 10100972October 2024 Chagas Disease Serie 3
The rapid assessment tool (RAT) is meant to assess health facilities within mpox-affected areas that have at least one inpatient bed. Depending on time and resources available, certain facilities may be prioritized during an mpox outbreak. The RAT evaluates 16 infection prevention and control (IPC) ...and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) criteria identified as the minimum essential elements required for safe patient care and prevention of transmission within the health facility during readiness or response activities for outbreaks of mpox.
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Joule 5, 2687–2714 October 20, 2021 Cell Press
Climate change presents significant challenges to human health and biodiversity. Increased numbers of extreme climate events, such as heat waves, droughts or flooding, threaten human health and well-being, both directly and indirectly, through impaired ecosystem functioning and reduced ecosystem ser...vices. In addition, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rising, causing ill health and accelerating costs to the health sector. Nature-based solutions, such as the provision and management of biodiversity, can facilitate human health and well-being, and mitigate the negative effects of climate change.
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This report aims to outline the current available knowledge on the health and wellbeing of older persons in the Region of the Americas during the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030). It also seeks to guide political actions towards ensuring the human rights of older persons, and desc...ribes the negotiation and drafting process behind the Inter-American Convention on Protecting the Human Rights of Older Persons. It reports on the doctrinal and legal developments that led the Region of the Americas to draft the Convention and describes its action areas and guaranteed rights, as well as the obligations assumed by the States Parties. The Convention is an essential tool to advance the strategies of the Decade of Healthy Ageing. This publication reflects on the importance of having a major legal instrument for this purpose at the international level. The demographic transition in Latin America and the Caribbean will continue to shape the ability of countries and health systems to respond to the needs of the population. Given this reality, international instruments will be needed to guarantee the full enjoyment of the human rights of older persons. In order to design inclusive and sustainable systems, accurate, updated, and effective information is required. The Decade of Healthy Ageing––the initiative that constitutes the framework for this document––is a strategic period in which to focus on data generation and monitoring.
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