The report presents current information (updated to September 2015) on candidate vaccines, therapies and medical devices for Ebola and gives an overview of completed and on-going trials.
"Some of the problems with our current drug policies stem from the fact that these policies have been largely bifurcated between two different and often contradictory approaches. One treats drug use as a crime that cannot be tolerated and should be punished; the other views addiction as a chronic re...lapsing health or behavioral condition requiring ongoing treatment and support. Neither of these views is all encompassing—it should be recognized that there are patterns of drug use that do not result in significant harm or health problems and therefore require no intervention. The public health approach presented here takes the view that our focus should be on the harm caused by drug use and the harm caused by our policy responses to it. We have focused specifically on illicit drugs, not because they are by themselves more harmful (in fact, tobacco causes more morbidity and mortality than any illicit drug), but because it has become increasingly clear that our current policies to manage illicit drugs are failing."
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Scientific Brief, 17 June 2021
O recente aumento dos casos de microcefalia e outras patologias neurológicas potencialmente associadas à infecção pelo vírus Zika provocou um aumento da procura de testes laboratoriais para detectar a infecção. Os grupos prioritários para os testes de diagnóstico devem ser
indivíduos sin...tomáticos e mulheres grávidas assintomáticas com possível exposição ao vírus Zika. O presente documento fornece orientações sobre as actuais estratégias de testes da infecção pelo vírus Zika. Este documento será revisto e actualizado à medida que surgirem novas informações.
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Este artículo analiza un grupo particularmente vulnerable a la pandemia de la COVID-2019: las personas privadas de libertad (PPLs). Con base en el análisis del Censo Carcelario de 2019, presentamos la situación actual de las PPLs y las condiciones de los establecimient...os penitenciarios de Bolivia, con énfasis en los aspectos que impactan en la salud. Posteriormente, identificamos los principales factores estructurales detrás de la mayor vulnerabilidad epidemiológica y sanitaria de las PPLs, no solo a la COVID-2019, sino a epidemias en general. Diferentes instituciones involucradas en el combate de la pandemia desarrollaron recomendaciones para su prevención y tratamiento en contextos carcelarios. Considerando estas recomendaciones y los datos de la situación de las PPLs de Bolivia, desarrollamos propuestas de reformas políticas y legales para reducir la vulnerabilidad epidemiológica de esta población. Argumentamos que, mientras algunas son sencillas de implementar, muchas se enfrentan a obstáculos estructurales para su ejecución, demandando reformas profundas en la política carcelaria y el sistema penal.
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O Ministério da Saúde atualiza o Diagnosticar para Cuidar com o PLANO NACIONAL DE EXPANSÃO DA TESTAGEM PARA COVID-19 (PNE-Teste) que tem a finalidade de expandir o diagnóstico da covid-19 por meio do teste rápido de antígeno (TR-AG), para uso em indivíduos sintomáticos e assintomáticos, par...a monitorar a situação epidemiológica e direcionar os esforços desta Pasta ministerial na contenção da pandemia no território nacional.
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Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), considered one of the most important parasitic infections in Latin America. Between 25 and 90 million humans are at infection risk via at least one of multiple infection mechanisms. Under natural conditions, the principal transmissio...n modes are transplacental or via one of more than 140 hematophagous triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae). Triatomines acquire the parasite from mammal reservoirs due to their obligate blood-feeding (albeit triatomines can also feed on non-reservoir vertebrates such as birds and reptiles). The disease burden for CD in the Latin America and Caribbean region, based on disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), is at least five times greater than that of malaria, and is approximately one-fifth that of HIV/AIDS. In recent decades, CD has extended to other continents outside natural reservoir or vector distributions due to human migration, with a minimum estimated 10 million individuals infected worldwide.
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El marco conceptual científico de la neutralidad de la degradación de la tierra (LDR) proporciona una base científica para comprender, aplicar y supervisar la LDR. Su objetivo es salvar la brecha entre la visión y la aplicación práctica de la ENC, definiendo la ENC en términos operativos. El ...marco conceptual es un producto de la interfaz ciencia-política de la CNULD.
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Technical guidelines for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and inter-institutional approach to people with diabetic neuropathy
Definition and categorization of the time of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Scientific report 8 February 2021
Relatório especial do IPCC sobre mudança do clima,
desertificação, degradação da terra, manejo sustentável da
terra, segurança alimentar, e fluxos de gases de efeito estufa
em ecossistemas terrestres
The role of community health workers in the vaccination against COVID-19: guide to support the implementation of the vaccination programme
Abstract: Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and although over 100 years have passed since the discovery of Chagas disease, it still presents an increasing problem for global public health. A plethora of information concerning the chronic phase of human Chaga...s disease, particularly the severe cardiac form, is available in the literature. However, information concerning events during the acute phase of the disease is scarce. In this review, we will discuss the current status of acute Chagas disease cases globally, the immunological findings related to the acute phase and their possible influence in disease outcome, and reactivation of Chagas disease in immunocompromised individuals, a key point for transplantation and HIV invection management.
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Mycetoma is a specific chronic, granulomatous, inflammatory disease. It usually involves the subcutaneous tissue, most probably after traumatic inoculation of the causative organism. It has a prolonged, progressive, and indolent course, and, if untreated, it ultimately leads to destruction of the de...eper tissues and bone, resulting in deformity and disability that may necessitate amputation of the affected parts with all the social and economic implications of this. The disease is characterized by tumefaction, draining sinuses, and the presence of grains.
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Many features of the environment have been found to exert an important influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, progression, and severity. Changes in the environment due to migration to different geographic locations, modifications in lifestyle choices, and shifts in social policies and cultu...ral practices alter CVD risk, even in the absence of genetic changes. Nevertheless, the cumulative impact of the environment on CVD risk has been difficult to assess
and the mechanisms by which some environment factors influence CVD remain obscure. Human environments are complex; and their natural, social and personal domains are highly variable due to diversity in human ecosystems, evolutionary histories, social structures, and individual choices. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that ecological features such as the diurnal cycles of
light and day, sunlight exposure, seasons, and geographic characteristics of the natural environment such altitude, latitude and greenspaces are important determinants of cardiovascular health and CVD risk. In highly developed societies, the influence of the natural environment is moderated by the physical characteristics of the social environments such as the built environment
and pollution, as well as by socioeconomic status and social networks. These attributes of the
social environment shape lifestyle choices that significantly modify CVD risk. An understanding
of how different domains of the environment, individually and collectively, affect CVD risk could
lead to a better appraisal of CVD, and aid in the development of new preventive and therapeutic
strategies to limit the increasingly high global burden of heart disease and stroke.
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Mapping Report - Portugal