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Antimicrobial resistance happens when microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites) change when they are exposed to antimicrobial drugs (such as antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, and anthelmintics). Microorganisms that develop antimicrobial resistance are someti
...
mes referred to as “superbugs”.
As a result, the medicines become ineffective and infections persist in the body, increasing the risk of spread to others.
more
La résistance aux antimicrobiens Esurvient lorsque les micro-organismes (bactéries, champignons, virus et parasites) évoluent quand ils sont exposés à des médicaments antimicrobiens (comme les antibiotiques, les antifongiques, les antiviraux, les antipaludiques et les anthelminthiques).
On ap
...
pelle parfois «super bactéries» celles qui développent une résistance aux antimicrobiens, mais cela concerne tous les micro-organismes.
En conséquence, les médicaments perdent leur efficacité et les infections persistent dans l’organisme, augmentant le risque de transmission à d’autres personnes.
more
La RAM se produce cuando los microorganismos (bacterias, hongos, virus y parásitos) sufren cambios al verse expuestos a los antimicrobianos (antibióticos, antifúngicos, antivíricos, antipalúdicos o antihelmínticos, por ejemplo). Los microorganismos resistentes a la mayoría de los antimicrobia
...
nos se conocen como ultrarresistentes.
Como resultado, los medicamentos se vuelven ineficaces y las infecciones persisten en el organismo, lo que incrementa el riesgo de propagación a otras personas.
more
Устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам возникает, когда микроорганизмы (бактерии, грибки, вирусы и паразиты) меняются под воздействием противомикробных преп
...
ратов (таких как антибиотики, противогрибковые, противовирусные, противомалярийные и противоглистные препараты). Микроорганизмы, которые приобрели устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам, иногда называют «супермикробами».
В результате лекарственные средства теряют эффективность, а инфекции дольше задерживаются в организме, в результате чего растет риск заражения окружающих.
more
إن أهمية الفواكه والخضروات في النظم الغذائية الصحية والمغذية معروفة جيدًا ، وفي السنوات الأخيرة تم تشجيع المستهلكين على تناول المزيد من هذه المنتجات. بالنسبة للعدي
...
د من البلدان ، ولا سيما البلدان النامية ، أصبحت هذه المنتجات سلعة قيمة. وفي الوقت نفسه ، تتزايد مشكلات سلامة الأغذية المرتبطة باستهلاك الفواكه والخضروات الطازجة الملوثة بالكائنات الحية الدقيقة
more
Interim Guidance, published 11 January 2021.
The cold chain is necessary to prevent damage to vaccines caused by heat exposure. However, improper use of cold chain equipment may cause damage to freeze-sensitive vaccines (i.e. those vaccines containing alum adjuvant or oil-emulsion adjuvant). Studie
...
s conducted in several countries with hot and cold climates show frequent occurrences of sub-zero temperatures in the cold chain. The most common cause of exposure to freezing temperature is the failure to correctly condition ice packs prior to transport. Vaccines that are inadvertently frozen lose potency, increase wastage rates and increase the risk of adverse events following immunization (AEFI). Vaccine carriers protect vaccine potency during immunization sessions and transport to outreach sites. This guidance document is intended to help inform which type of vaccine carrier to select based on local context, to maintain vaccine quality, especially at service delivery points.
more
ຢາຕ້ານເຊື້ອຈຸລະຊີບ (Antimicrobial medicines) ມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນຫຼາຍຕໍ່ວຽກງານການແພດ, ສາທາລະນະສຸກ, ສຸຂະພາບສັດ ແລະ ການຜະລິດອາຫານ. ເນ
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່ອງຈາກວ່າ ຢາດັ່ງກ່າວນີ້ ແມ່ນໃຊ້ເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນ ແລະ ປິ່ນປົວພະຍາດຊືມເຊື້ອ ທີ່ມີ ຈໍາພວກເຊື້ອຈຸລິນຊີ (Bacteria) ເປັນຫນື່ງໃນສາເຫດທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນ ແລະ ສັດເສຍຊີວິດ ໃຫ້ຫຼຸດລົງໄດ້ ແລະ ມີບົດບາດຫຼາຍໃນວົງ ການແພດແຜນປະຈຸບັນ ເປັນຕົ້ນແມ່ນ ການຜ່າຕັດ ຊຶ່ງມີຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການຕິດເຊື້ອໄດ້ງ່າຍຈຶ່ງຈໍາເປັນຕ້ອງໄດ້ເພິ່ງພາຢາຕ້ານເຊື້ອຈຸລະ ຊີບ ທີ່ມີປະສິດທິພາບເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນ ແລະ ປິ່ນປົວການຕິດເຊື້ອທີ່ອາດເກີດຂຶ້ນ. ນອກຈາກນີ້ແລ້ວ ມັນຍັງມີຄວາມຈໍາເປັນສໍາລັບ ປ້ອງກັນ ແລະ ປິ່ນປົວ ໃນວຽກງານສັດຕະວະແພດ ແລະ ການກະສິກໍາ ເປັນຕົ້ນ: ການລ້ຽງສັດ, ການປະມົງ, ການປູກຝັງ ແລະ ມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນຕໍ່ ສຸຂະພາບສັດ ພືດ ຕ່ອງໂສ້ການຜະລິດອາຫານ ແລະ ເສດຖະກິດຂອງຊາດອີກດ້ວຍ.
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Using the WHO model list of essential medicines to update a national essential medicines list
Since 1977, WHO has been working with countries to design the package of essential medicines as an inte
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gral component of treatment within the continuum of care, developing and disseminating the Model List of Essential Medicines (Model List). WHO is committed to supporting Member States in sharing best practices in selecting
essential medicines, and in developing processes for the selection of medicines for national essential medicines lists (national EMLs, or NEMLs) consistent with the evidence-based methods used for updating the WHO Model List.
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Myanmar, as a country going through rapid socio-political transition and institutional development also suffers with a high burden of infectious disease. An ongoing challenge has been to effectively reach its 51 million population, most of whom battle tuberculosis, acute respiratory infections, diar
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rhoea and malaria including amongst under-five children.
Limited research data on the occurrence of resistant organisms in the nation have, makes it hard to estimate the exact antimicrobial resistance (AMR) scenario. Limited peer reviewed evidence indicates significant divergence from the average resistance trends in APAC region. Nevertheless, several key steps by Government of Myanmar have been instrumental in paving the way for the country to join other nations in the South East Asia Region to speed up its plan on addressing the AMR crisis. Combating antimicrobial resistance would, however, require highest political commitment, multi-sectoral coordination, sustained investment and technical assistance.
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China is one of the major countries for the production and use of antibacterial agents. Antibacterial agents are widely used in healthcare and animal husbandry. It plays a significant role in treating infections and saving patient lives, preventing and treating animal diseases, improving farming ef
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ficiency, and guaranteeing public health security. However, antimicrobial resistance has become increasingly prominent due to insufficient research and development capacity of new antimicrobials, sales of antimicrobials without prescriptions in pharmacies, irrational use of antibacterial agents in medical and food animal sectors, non-compliant waste emissions of pharmaceutical enterprises, as well as lack of public awareness toward rational use of antimicrobials. Bacterial resistance ultimately affects human health, but the cause of bacterial resistance and consequences are beyond the health sector. Antimicrobial resistance brings increasing biosecurity threats, worsens environmental pollution, constrains economic development and other adverse effects to human society, thus, there is an urgent need to strengthen multi-sectoral and multi-domain collaborative planning to jointly cope with this issue.
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Interim guidance
Accessed: 02.04.2020
الص العالي لض ف-19
الاج ع العو الة فوس رونا ال 2019
إرشادات مئة
27 ف ا
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/ شا 2020
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Orientações provisórias
20 de Março de 2020
Scientific Brief 9 July 2020
If you are healthy, you only need to wear a mask if you are taking care of a person with suspected 2019-nCoV infection.
Wear a mask if you are coughing or sneezing.
Masks are effective only when used in combination with frequent hand-cleaning with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
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If you wear a mask, then you must know how to use it and dispose of it properly.
Before putting on a mask, clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
Cover mouth and nose with mask and make sure there are no gaps between your face and the mask.
Avoid touching the mask while using it; if you do, clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
Replace the mask with a new one as soon as it is damp and do not re-use single-use masks.
To remove the mask: remove it from behind (do not touch the front of mask); discard immediately in a closed bin; clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
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Interium guidance, 25 June 2021Timely and accurate diagnostic testing is an essential tool in preventing and controlling the spread of COVID-19. This document describes recommendations for national testing strategies and the use of PCR and rapid antigen tests in different transmission scenarios of t
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he COVID-19 outbreak, including how testing might be rationalized in low resource settings. All testing should be followed by a strong public health response including isolating those who test positive and providing them care, contact tracing and quarantine of contacts.
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23 December 2020 This document summarizes WHO recommendations for the rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in health care settings and temporary strategies during acute supply shortag
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es. This document also contains 2 Annex sections describing updated PPE use recommendations for health workers based on the transmission scenario, setting, and activity in the context of COVID-19 (Annex 1), and updated considerations for the decontamination or reprocessing of PPE (Annex 2). This guidance is intended for public health authorities, organizations, and focal persons involved in decisions regarding PPE distribution, management, and use by health workers.
Available in Arabic, French, English, Spanish and Russian
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A practical approach for developing policy and strategy to improve quality of care
The handbook outlines an approach for the development of national policies and strategies to improve the quality of care. Such policy and strategy can help clarify the structures, roles and responsibilities within n
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ational quality efforts, support the institutionalization of a culture of quality, and secure buy-in from health system leaders and stakeholders
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Практический подход к разработке политики и стратегии в целях повышения качества медицинской помощи
