Filter
2711
Filtered Results: 2711
Text search:
good
laboratory
practice
Featured
Recommendations
331
New Publications
773
Language
Document type
No document type
1611
Guidelines
425
Studies & Reports
324
Manuals
166
Strategic & Response Plan
107
Training Material
42
Fact sheets
19
Situation Updates
9
Resource Platforms
3
Infographics
2
Brochures
1
App
1
Online Courses
1
Countries / Regions
India
160
Kenya
96
Sierra Leone
87
Global
81
Ethiopia
80
South Africa
77
Liberia
69
Nigeria
62
Uganda
62
Tanzania
61
Western and Central Europe
54
Rwanda
53
Ghana
46
Zambia
42
Nepal
40
Africa
38
Malawi
37
Bangladesh
31
Latin America and the Carribbean
29
Zimbabwe
23
Philippines
23
Guinea
23
Congo, Democratic Republic of
23
Eastern Europe
22
Namibia
20
Cambodia
19
Ukraine
18
Botswana
17
Myanmar / Burma
17
Lesotho
16
South–East Asia Region
15
East and Southern Africa
15
Syria
14
West and Central Africa
14
Senegal
12
Eswatini/ Swaziland
10
Indonesia
9
Cameroon
8
Mozambique
8
Asia
8
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
8
Middle East and North Africa
7
Pakistan
7
Tajikistan
6
Burkina Faso
6
Haiti
6
Russia
6
Mali
6
South Sudan
6
Thailand
5
Albania
5
USA
5
North Macedonia
4
Colombia
4
Benin
4
Laos
4
Western Pacific Region
4
North America
4
Vietnam
4
Papua New Guinea
4
Iraq
4
Timor Leste/ East Timor
3
Afghanistan
3
Jordan
3
Germany
3
Jamaica
3
Moldova
3
Madagascar
3
Gambia
2
Guinea-Bissau
2
Paraguay
2
Turkmenistan
2
Japan
2
Mauritius
2
United Kingdom
2
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Côte d’Ivoire / Ivory Coast
2
Bolivia
2
Lebanon
2
Brazil
2
Sri Lanka
2
Sudan
2
Georgia
2
Central African Republic
2
Poland
2
Angola
2
Bhutan
2
Somalia
2
Switzerland
1
Mexico
1
Turkey
1
Togo
1
Chile
1
Iran
1
Fiji
1
Estonia
1
Niger
1
Peru
1
Morocco
1
Qatar
1
Bulgaria
1
Dominican Republic
1
Hungary
1
Lithuania
1
Saudi Arabia
1
Denmark
1
France
1
Maldives
1
Tunisia
1
Portugal
1
Spain
1
Southern Africa
1
Argentina
1
Yemen
1
Greece
1
Libya
1
Ecuador
1
Authors & Publishers
Publication Years
Category
Guidelines
275
Policies
242
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
205
Studies & Reports
192
Drugs & Medical Equipment
132
Capacity Building
102
Women & Child Health
75
COVID-19
67
Disease Prevention & Control
56
Community Health
44
TB
44
Pediatrics
40
Non-communicable Diseases
36
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
33
Demograhic Health Surveys DHS
32
General Guidelines
28
HIV & STI
27
Statistics
25
Maternal Health
24
Paediatrics
23
Surgery & Anaesthesia
23
Health Systems
22
Disaster Preparedness
21
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
20
Maternal & Child Health
18
Malaria
18
Reproductive Health
18
Humanitarian Aid
17
Water
17
General Guidelines
16
Humanitarian Crisis
16
NTDs & Others
16
Laboratory Quality Assurance
15
Neonatal Care
14
Communicable Diseases
13
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
13
Countries
13
WASH
13
Women & Child Health
13
Parasitology
13
Clinical Training
11
Hepatitis
11
Public Health
11
Diabetes
11
Bacteriology
11
Cardiovascular Diseases
11
Quality Control & Assurance
11
Primary Health Care
11
Child Health
10
Cancer
10
Waste Management
10
Vector Control
9
NCD
9
Disabilities
9
Needs Assessment
9
Pharmacy & Technology
8
Sanitation
8
Hand Hygiene
8
Community Health
8
Medical Devices & Equipment
8
Clinical Guidelines
8
Communicable Diseases
8
Age & Elderly
8
Food Security & Nutrition
8
Rabies
7
Under-5 nutrition
7
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
7
Public Health
7
Diarrhoeal Disease/Cholera
7
Immunization
7
Leprosy
7
Laboratory Waste
6
Cancer Treatment & Resources
6
Hemorrhagic Fever
6
Other
6
Family Planning
5
Dermatology
5
Cervical Cancer
5
Virology
5
Snakebites
5
Health System Strengthening
5
Yellow Fever
5
Mental Health
5
Key Resources
5
Helminthiasis
4
x MEDBOX Issue Brief & Annual Reports x
4
Monitoring & Evaluation
4
Sexual Violence
4
Humanitarian Aid
4
Dengue
4
Leishmaniasis
4
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
4
Radiology and Diagnostic
4
Medicines Donations
3
Dental & Eye Care
3
Digital Health
3
Buruli Ulcer
3
Hematology
3
Schistosomiasis
3
Palliative Care
3
Other Cancer diseases
3
MPOX - Monkeypox
3
Pharmaceutical Assessments
3
Chagas
3
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
3
Palliative Care
3
Diarrhoea
3
Respiratory Infections
3
Protection & Security
3
Nutrition
3
Global Health
3
Pediatric cancer
2
Child protection
2
Neurology & Psychology
2
Emergency Health Kits
1
Trachoma
1
Taeniasis/ Cysticercosis
1
Gender
1
Neurology & Psychology
1
Onchocerciasis
1
Lymphaticfilariasis
1
Capacity Building
1
Breast Cancer
1
Nutrition
1
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
1
Emergency Care
1
Sex. & Repr. Rights
1
E-therapy
1
Leprosy
1
COPD/Asthma
1
Fecal Disposal / Latrines
1
Pharmacy & Technologies
1
Hygiene Promotion
1
Toolboxes
Country specific
49
Country specific documents
47
Reports & Studies
38
Public Health
34
Eastern Europe and central Asia
31
Prevention & Control
30
Detection & Diagnosis
25
IPC
22
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
22
Assessment & Studies
20
Adults
20
TB & Prisoners
20
Surveillance
19
International
19
Infection Control General
19
Rational use of Medicine
19
Waste Managment
19
IACAPAP International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions
18
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
18
Drug resistant TB
18
Prevention & Preparedness
17
Infection Prevention & Hygiene
17
Children & Adolescents
16
Pharmacy Practice
16
Preparedness & Prevention
16
Outbreak Prevention & Control
15
Infection Control
15
Disease Prevention & Control
14
HIV in Key Populations
14
Clinical Guidelines
13
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
13
Handbooks & Manuals
13
Quality Assurance
13
Research & Access
13
Roadmaps, Action Plans & Policies
13
General Reports
12
Agriculture & Veterinary
12
Clinical Aspects
12
Studies
12
Diagnostics & Laboratory Guidance
12
Nurses
12
Substance Use Disorders & Addiction
12
Clinical Aspects, Treatment & Prevention
11
Key Resources
11
Surveillance & Contact tracing
11
Community Health Workers CHW
11
Laboratory Guidance
10
HIV testing & services
10
Treatment & Prevention
10
Influenza Prevention & Control
10
Supporting tools
10
General
10
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
10
Hygiene
10
General documents One Health
10
Pharmacovigilance
10
Training
10
Antiretroviral Treatment ART
10
Surveillance
9
Childhood TB
9
Ebola Prevention & Control
9
Cholera Prevention & Control
9
Advocacy & Communication
9
Community-based Mental Health Care
9
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
9
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
8
Social Mobilisation
8
Communication & Training
8
Children
8
Human Rights
8
Treatment Guidelines
8
Clinical Guidelines
8
Country Specific
8
Appeals and Response Plans
8
Waste Management
8
Traditional & Herbal Medicines
8
General Guidelines for Rational Use
8
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
8
Neurological Disorders
8
Stewardship
8
Assessment
8
HIV service delivery
8
Policies & Strategies
7
HIV
7
Others
7
Training
7
TB & Other Vulnerable Populations
7
Epilepsy
7
Climate & Health
7
Laboratory
7
Context & Facts, Travel Advice
7
Access & Strategy
7
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
7
Midwives
7
Essential Medicines & Devices Lists
7
Falsified & Substandard
7
Supply Chain & Store Management
7
Pediatrics
7
Women & Maternal Health
7
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
7
Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP), Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
7
TB/HIV Coinfection
7
Depression
7
Treatment Guidelines
6
Policies & Strategies
6
Opportunistic Infections
6
WASH
6
Substance Use Disorders, Others
6
Policies
6
Treatment Guidelines HIV
6
Global
6
Rwanda
6
Research
6
General
6
Health Personnel
6
Immunization Guidelines
6
HIV &TB
6
Mental Disorders
6
Guidelines & Manuals
6
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
6
Overview, Studies & Reports
6
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
6
Policies and guidelines
6
Ghana
6
Assessment & Response
6
Malawi
6
Dengue Prevention & Control
6
Testing Guidelines
6
Zika Prevention & Control
6
Western & Central Europe
6
Kenya
6
Mental Health GAP Action Programme
6
Africa
5
Drugs
5
Hand Hygiene
5
Yellow Fever Prevention & Control
5
South Africa
5
Latin America
5
Reports
5
Livestock production
5
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
5
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
5
Guidelines
5
Medical & Community Masks
5
Fair Allocation & Ethical Aspects
5
Others
5
Planetary Health
5
Reports & Studies
5
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
5
Zoonoses
5
Studies & Reports
5
Health Worker
5
General Information
5
War Surgery & Wound Care
5
Technical Information
5
Assessment & Response
5
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
5
Reports & Studies Children HIV
5
Action Plans, Policies & Response
5
Universal Health Coverage & Primary Health Care
5
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
5
ART Drug Resistance
4
Communication & Training
4
Meningitis Prevention & Control
4
HIV surveillance
4
Hepatitis
4
Laboratory
4
General Studies & Reports
4
Adherence
4
Standard Precautions
4
Country Guidelines
4
Training
4
Workplace
4
Laboratory & Sampling
4
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
4
Ethiopia
4
Key Resources
4
Paediatrics
4
Essential Medicines & Medical Devices
4
TB/HIV
4
Logistics & Supply
4
Studies & Reports
4
Essential Medicines
4
Pharmacy Management
4
Guiding documents and principles
4
Epilepsy
4
Others
4
Health Care In Conflict Settings
4
Humanitarian Aid Guidelines
4
Studies & Reports
4
NTDs General
4
General Information & Methodology
4
Prevention & Strategies
4
Prevention & Strategies
4
Women
4
Clinical Guidelines
4
Community Worker
4
Prophylactic Treatment
4
Technical Information
4
Latin America & the Carribean
4
Anxiety Disorders
4
WASH
4
South-east Asia Region
4
Prisoners
4
Public Health
4
Eastern and Southern Africa
4
Treatment & Clinical Management
4
Communication & Social Mobilisation
3
Alcohol
3
Biosafety
3
Moldova
3
Vaccines & Immunization
3
Surgery & Rehabilitation
3
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
3
Prevention Guidelines
3
Influenza
3
Context, Facts & Travel Advice
3
Infection Control
3
Eastern Mediterranean Region
3
HIV testing & disclosure
3
Training Manuals
3
National Policies
3
General Mental Health Guidelines
3
Stroke
3
mhGAP Guides
3
Curricula & Core Competencies
3
Diverse Chemical Substances
3
Shelter & Reconstruction
3
TB
3
Tools for Rational use
3
Training Material
3
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
3
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
3
Ebola
3
Health & Refugee
3
Training Supporting Material mhGAP
3
Sex Worker
3
Cannabis
3
Universal Health Coverage UHC and 90-90-90 Strategy
3
Public Health
3
For General Public & Community
3
For Health Worker
3
Prison & Detention
3
Educational Settings
3
Workplace
3
HIV and COVID-19
3
Health Care Professionals & Spirituality
3
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
3
Oxygen Therapy
3
Blood Supply
3
Communication Material
3
Ebola Treatment Center
3
Genomic sequencing
3
Long COVID/ Post-COVID Syndrome
3
Biontech/Pfizer Comirnaty
3
Others
3
Palliative Care
3
Colombia
3
Medicine Donations
3
Pharmaceutical Assessments
3
Cancer
3
Intensive Care Unit
3
Surgery
3
Situation Reports & Updates
3
Environment
3
Health Care Systems
3
WASH Water Sanitation & Hygiene
3
Health Impact & Climate Change
3
MPOX - Monkeypox
3
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
3
Studies & Reports
3
Studies & Reports
3
Health Financing Toolbox
3
Capacity Building & Resources
3
Studies & Reports
3
Diagnosis
3
Asia and Pacific
3
Training Material
3
others
3
Situation Reports & Updates
3
Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
3
Bipolar Affective Disorders
3
General
3
Diarrhoea
3
Education of students & professionals
3
Vision Loss & Blindness
3
Clinical Guidelines
3
HIV and coinfection
3
Chikungunya Prevention & Control
3
Tobacco
3
Tajikistan
3
WASH
3
TB
3
Planetary Health
3
Lobby and Advocacy
3
Preparedness & Prevention
3
Public Health
3
Global Health Ethics
3
Rapid Response
2
Resource Platforms
2
Cocaine
2
Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)
2
Male Circumcision
2
Advocacy
2
TB & Drug Abuse
2
Children with Disabilities
2
Training
2
Azerbaijan
2
Chemical Attacks
2
Vector Control
2
Violence & Protection
2
Ukraine
2
WPRO (Western Pacific Region)
2
Dengue
2
Measures ICF/ Model Disability Survey
2
Opoids
2
Transgender People
2
Namibia
2
Eastern Europe
2
Surveillance
2
Prevention & Control
2
Studies & Reports
2
Ebola & Marburg
2
Vaccination
2
SOPs
2
Discrimination & Stigma
2
Georgia
2
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
2
GO pre-deployment training
2
Women's Mental Health
2
Sustainable Development Goals
2
Russia
2
IEC Substance Use Disorders
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Context & Facts
2
Essential List
2
Clinical Aspects
2
Hand Hygiene
2
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
2
COVID-19
2
For Pregnant Women
2
Training, others
2
Faith-based Organizations
2
For Migrants & Refugees
2
RCCE Guides & Manuals
2
Community Health
2
Vaccination & Strategy
2
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)
2
Others
2
Hand Hygiene
2
Health Promotion
2
Ethics
2
Pocket Cards
2
Biodiversity shift
2
Climate Change General
2
Food environments
2
Overview & reports
2
Clean air
2
Urban health
2
Strategies
2
Others
2
Ukraine
2
Public Health
2
Prevention & Measures
2
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
2
Education Principles
2
Water Pollution
2
MPOX - Monkeypox
2
Chagas
2
Leishmaniasis
2
Strategies & Roadmaps
2
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
2
Patient Safety
2
Vector control
2
Mycetoma, Chromoblastomycosis & other deep mycosis
2
Onchocerciasis
2
Access to treatment and laboratory
2
Studies & Reports
2
Statistics & Facts
2
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
2
General
2
Romania
2
Children's Rights
2
Co-Morbidities (except TB)
2
Contact Tracing
2
Protection
2
One Health
2
Mental disorders, others
2
Asia
2
For Community Health Workers
2
Disaster Preparedness & Prevention
2
Uganda
2
Health Care Systems
2
International
2
Situation Reports
2
Nigeria
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Global Health Institutions and Stakeholders
2
Overview & Statistics
2
Cholera
2
AmR (Region of Americas)
2
Guidelines CBR
2
Psychosocial Support
2
Context & Facts
2
Chikungunya
2
Meningitis & Encephalitis
2
Food & Nutrition
2
Neurological disorders, Others
2
Communication & Training
2
Gender Aspects
1
Public Health
1
Best Practice Models
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)
1
Behaviour Change/Life Skill Education
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Intellectual Disability
1
Local Action
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Faith-based Organizations
1
Communication & Training
1
Background PTSD in children
1
Europe
1
Inclusion
1
Training
1
Physical Disability
1
Mental Health
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Zambia
1
Policies & Programmes
1
Plague
1
Training Manuals
1
Schizophrenia
1
Assessment & Response
1
Interculturality
1
Assessment & Response
1
Platforms and initiatives
1
Humanitarian Crisis
1
Latin America
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Public Health
1
Public Health
1
Orphans & vulnerable children
1
Drug resistance
1
IEC Materials
1
Africa
1
Prophylaxis
1
African Region
1
e-Learning
1
Key Resources
1
Advocacy
1
Laboratory
1
Drug resistance
1
Sitreps & Updates
1
Child Health / Pediatrics
1
Microcephaly
1
Cholera
1
Mental Health Studies & Reports
1
Information for different audiences
1
Mental Health Guidelines
1
Manual & Leaflet
1
Belarus
1
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
1
Key Resources
1
Topics
1
Best Practice
1
Online Courses & Resources
1
Poster & Infographics
1
Covid-19 & the One Health Approach
1
Simulations
1
Human Rights
1
Humanitarian Aid
1
Protection of Vulnerable Groups
1
Child Protection
1
Camps and Camp-like Settings
1
Scientific & Research Studies
1
Information for the Public
1
Country-specific Platforms
1
Food and Nutrition
1
Gender Aspects
1
Physical Distancing
1
COVID-19
1
Encyclical Letters
1
General
1
MHPSS – Psychosocial Support
1
Situation Reports COVID-19
1
Tips & Best Practice Examples
1
Vaccine Candidates & Research
1
Environmental NPIs
1
Psychosocial Support
1
Presentation
1
TB/COVID-19
1
SARS-CoV-2 Variants
1
COVAX Initiative
1
Moderna
1
Sputnik V
1
Research & Pipeline
1
Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines
1
Caregiver
1
Patient care
1
Standard precautions
1
Online Courses
1
Internet Resources
1
Extreme Situations
1
Primary Care
1
Online Resources
1
Triage
1
Medical Records/Documentation
1
Wound management
1
Reports
1
Agriculture
1
Green & healthy living
1
Model Formulary
1
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
1
Resuscitation
1
Spirituality
1
Freshwater use
1
Land-system change
1
One Health
1
Agriculture incl. animal husbandry
1
Humanitarian Crisis
1
Climate Change
1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
1
General
1
Infectious Diseases
1
Mental Health
1
Ethics
1
Heat
1
Nuclear & Chemical Hazards
1
Emergency health kits
1
Emergency health kits
1
More Information Refugee and Health
1
More Clinical Guidelines on Palliative Care
1
Waste management
1
Best Practice Examples
1
MPOX -Monkeybox Prevention & Control
1
Appeals & Response Plans
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Information & Education Material (IEC)
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Studies & Reports
1
Information & Education Material (IEC)
1
Echinocccosis
1
Snakebite envenoming
1
West and central Africa
1
Education
1
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)
1
Situation Reports & Updates
1
Studies & Reports
1
Air Pollution
1
Poor Diet
1
Armenia
1
Prevention & Strategies
1
Studies & Reports
1
Global Overview
1
Asia
1
Botswana
1
General
1
Liberia
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Hearing Loss & Deafness
1
Zika
1
General
1
Assistive devices & technologies
1
General Aspects
1
Human Rights & the Right to Health
1
National Emergency Response Plans
1
Regions
1
Modules
1
Miscellaneous
1
Situation Reports & Updates
1
AR (African Region)
1
Nutrition
1
Prevention of Disabilites
1
Technical Information
1
Lesotho
1
General Public
1
Public Health Administration
1
Kazakhstan
1
Epidemiology
1
Other Resources
1
Europe
1
Best Pratice Examples
1
MHPSS Guidelines
1
Communication Tools
1
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)
1
Laboratory
1
War, Conflict Areas & Refugees
1
Paediatrics
1
Marburg Virus Situation Reports
1
Planetary Health
1
Safe Burials
1
Situation Reports, others
1
Key Resources
1
Situation Reports & Updates
1
Capacity Building
1
Reproductive Health
1
SEAR (South-east Asia Region)
1
Supplement to the 2016 consolidated Guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV infection
HIV Treatment
WHO and UNITAID
in collaboration with IMPAACT (International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials) network, PENTA (Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS) foundation and experts from the Paediatric Antiretroviral Working Group
2nd edition. The 2018 Roadmap incorporates an additional critical population: adolescents. Despite making up 1 in 6 of the world’s people, adolescents have been largely overlooked as global momentum to address TB has grown. Spanning the ages of 10–19 years, adolescents are both at risk of TB and...
Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) is an essential part of any disease outbreak response. Risk communication in the context of an Ebola outbreak refers to real time exchange of information, opinion and advice between frontline responders and people who are faced with the threat of Eb...
Supplement Article
www.jaids.com J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Volume 78, Supplement 1, August 15, 2018
International Perspectives and Future Directions
Accessed January 2019, publication date unknown.
Accessed online January 2019, date of publication unknown.
The National Action Plan (NAP) has been developed based on the model recommended in the global Action Plan. Local data on on-going interventions were collected from technical informants in the various areas of work. These were analysed using the policy framework provided by the AMR policy document. ...
The first important change is a new priority ranking of the available medicines for MDR-TB treatment, based on a careful balance between expected benefits and harms. Treatment success for MDR-TB is currently low in many countries. This could be increased by improving access to the highest-ranked med...
2nd edition.
T The Compendium has been developed as a clear and concise instrument to facilitate the understanding and planning of delivery of high-quality care for everybody affected by TB. It incorporates all recent policy guidance from WHO; follows the care pathway of persons with signs or sympt...
This document provides an overview of sexual and reproductive health and rights issues that may be important for the human rights, health and well-being of adolescents (aged 10–19 years) and the relevant World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on how to address them in an easilyaccessible, user...
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem globally, which could undermine progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Prevention is recognized as the most efficient means of curbing the epidemic; however, given the scale of the problem and the many children who need profes...
This technical report presents the results of a cross-sectional survey conducted in Sarajevo, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between June and August 2017, as part of the FEEDcities Project (Food Environment Description in cities – eastern Europe and central Asia)...
The Department of Health (DOH) has developed a National Integrated Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) Policy.1 This policy addresses the many cross-cutting issues relating to SRH service provision, drawing together the principles, rights, and guidance for planning and implementation th...
