The purpose of this reference manual to support learning of ETAT + principles and to complement your clinical training and practice. The manual is for use before, during, and after an ETAT + course. This manual contains the necessary information to help you to: • Triage all sick children when they arrive at a health facility, into the following categories: those with emergency signs those with priority signs those who are non-urgent cases • Assess a child’s airway and breathing and give appropriate treatments • Assess the child’s circulatory status and level of consciousness • Manage shock, coma, and convulsions in a child • Assess and manage severe dehydration in a child with diarrhoea • Plan, implement, and evaluate ETAT in your own working area in your hospital