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Supporting disclosure among children and adolescents living with HIV: interventions, emerging considerations, key gaps and key actions

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

Building on the WHO guidelines for disclosure to children up to age 12 in 2011, this implementation guidance provides evidence on existing interventions that support children and adolescents living with HIV in the process of disclosure. It includes interventions that focuses on safe disclosure, as w ... ell as supporting children and adolescents with onwards disclosure. Specifically, this brief collates existing interventions via a scoping review; assesses key interventions through a realist evaluation lens, identifying what works, for whom, and in what contexts; and highlights emerging considerations, key gaps, and key actions. more

Individual- and Facility-Level Factors Associated with Facility Testing among Men in Malawi: Findings from a Representative Community Survey

Balakasi, K.; Nichols, B. E.; Mphande, M.; et al. (2021) CC2

Men are underrepresented in HIV testing services throughout sub-Saharan Africa. HIV testing is critical to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals, as it is the first entry point to HIV care. In Malawi, an estimated 14% of HIV positive men are undiagnosed, while only 6% of HIV positive women remain undiag ... nosed. Improved HIV testing among men is key to reaching UNAIDS goals, and to curbing HIV epidemics in the region. more

Disclosure of HIV Status Toolkit for Pediatric and Adolescent Populations

N. Rakhmanina; J. Kose; K. Wallner; et al. Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric New Horizons (Advancing Pediatric HIV Care) ; Johnson & Johnson; AIDS Foundation (Until no child has AIDS); Children & Aids (2019) C2

Accessed: 26.10.2019

Age of Consent as a Policy Barrier: Implications and Future Directions for Prevention in the East Asia/Pacific Region

S. M. Prabhu Children & Aids; Unifec; All In (2019)

All In #EndAdolescentAIDS Global Webinar: Novel Approaches for Addressing Age of Consent as a Barrier to Adolescents' Care Utilization and Engagement Accessed: 26.10.2019

Dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests can be used as the first test in antenatal care

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Policy Brief. WHO recommends that pregnant women receive testing for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B (HBSAg) at least once during pregnancy, preferably in the first trimester. Dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) can be used as the first test for pregnant women as part of antenatal care ( ... ANC). These simple tests can be used at the point-of-care and are cost-saving compared to standard testing in ANC. They enable more women to be diagnosed with HIV and syphilis so that they can access treatment and prevent transmission to their children. more

Developing the Proxy Consent Protocol in the Philippines

N. E. Mojica Children & Aids; Unifec (2019)

Accessed: 26.10.2019

Family-based index case testing to identify children with HIV

S. Essajee, N. Putta; S. Brusamento; et al. Unicef; World Health Organization; Pata Pata Pata; et al. (2019) C_WHO

Child Survival Working Group Accessed: 26.10.2019

Children’s Consent Framework

USAID; Children & AIDS; PEPFAR; Health Policy Plus (2019) C2

Policy and practice for maturity-aligned engagement of children in decisions about HIV-related medical and social services and management of confidential information Kipling Beardsley, Health Policy Plus Accessed: 26.10.2019

Expanding Access to Point-of-Care Early Infant Diagnosis: Implementation Approaches and Testing Strategies

American Society for Laboratory Medicine (ASLM); Clinton Health Access Initiative; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Health Foundation; et al. American Society for Laboratory Medicine (ASLM); Clinton Health Access Initiative; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Health Foundation; et al. (2018) C2

October 2018

Diagnosis disclosure to adolescents living with HIV in rural Kenya improves antiretroviral therapy adherence and immunologic outcomes: A retrospective cohort study

G. J. Montalto; Fredrick K. Sawe; A. Miruka; et al. Plos One (2017) CC

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183180 October 9, 2017

Approaches of the Lea Toto and APHIAplus nuru ya bonde programs in Kenya

F. Stuer; K. Greenaway USAID; PEPFAR; 4 Children; Catholic Relief Services (2017) C2

Case Study on Improving HIV Testing and Services for Children Orphaned or made Vulnerable by HIV (OVC)

Factors influencing antiretroviral treatment suboptimal adherence among perinatally HIV- infected adolescents in Thailand

L. Xu; K. Munir; C. Kanabkaew; S. Le Coeur Plos One (2017) CC

PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172392 February 16, 2017

Novel point-of-care tools for early infant diagnosis of HIV

World Health Organization (2017) C_WHO

HIV Diagnostics Information Note WHO/HIV/2017.16

Summary of Key Approach he's on improving HIV testing and services children orphaned or made vulnerable by HIV (OVC)

K. Greenaway; F. Stuer USAID; PEPFAR; 4 Children; Catholic Relief Services (2017) C2

Expanded IMPACT Program in Zimbabwe Lea Toto and APHIAplus Nuru ya Bonde programs in Kenya Yekokeb Berhan Program for Highly Vulnerable Children in Ethiopia

Perspectives and Practice of Hiv Disclosure to Children and Adolescents by Health-Care Providers and Caregivers in sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

O. Aderomilehin; A. Hanciles-Amu; O. O. Ozoya Frontiers in Public Health (2016) CC

Review published: 12 August 2016 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00166 Frontiers in Public Health | www.frontiersin.org 1 August 2016 | Volume 4 | Article 166

Disclosure Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in the context of HIV, TB and non-communicable diseases

National Department of Health South Africa; PATA (2016) C2

HIV status disclosure rate and reasons for non-disclosure among infected children and adolescents in Enugu, southeast Nigeria

A.C. Ubesie; K.K. Iloh; I.J. Emodi; et al. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIVAIDS; Taylor & Francis Group (2016) CC

Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS VOL. 13 NO. 1 2016 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2016.1226942

A Cross-Sectional Study of Disclosure of HIV Status to Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya

R. C. Vreeman; M. L. Scanlon; A. Mwangi; et al. PLOS One (2014) CC

PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 January 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 1 | e86616

HIV and Adolescents: Guidance for HIV testing and counseling and care for adolescents living with HIV

World Health Organization; Unicef; UNAIDS; et al. (2013) C_WHO

Recommendations for a Public Health approach and considerations for policy-makers and managers

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