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1
Rabies is a public health problem in Asia and vaccine affordability is an issue.
There is no reduction in the number of persons seeking post-exposure prophylaxis.
The high cost of cell culture vaccines for intramuscular use is a limiting factor.
Intradermal rabies vaccination offers cost-effectiv
...
e alternative to intramuscular.
WHO recommended one week intradermal schedule will ensure good patient compliance.
more
The objective of this concept note and the framework it outlines is the elimination of a group of CDs and the negative health effects they generate, which together create a tangible burden on affected individuals, their families and communities, and on health care systems throughout the Region. Thou
...
gh there is no unified consensus on the best measures to use for the public’s health and a nation’s epidemiologic situation, it is common for the disease burden to be measured by disease rates (incidence, prevalence, etc.), disease-specific death rates, comparative morbidity and mortality rates, geographic distribution, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The current epidemiological situation, including data on disease rates or geographic distribution for the diseases in Table 1, is discussed below in Section 4. Hotez et al. (2008) were the first to review and compare the burden of DALYs in Latin America and the Caribbean—for NTDs, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and TB—as it existed about 10 years ago. Though the regional burden of TB, malaria, and neglected infectious diseases (NIDs) is somewhat less than it was 10 years ago, work (and schooling) continue to be lost to illness and premature death or disability, and the need for stepping up disease elimination efforts is evident in all communities living in vulnerable conditions....
more
El objetivo de esta nota conceptual y del marco que describe es la eliminación de un grupo de enfermedades transmisibles y los efectos negativos sobre la salud que generan que juntos crean una carga tangible en las personas afectadas, sus familias y comunidades, y en los sistemas de atención de sa
...
lud en toda la Región. Aunque no hay consenso sobre las mejores medidas que se deben usar para la salud de las personas y de acuerdo con la situación epidemiológica de un país, es habitual medir la carga de enfermedad mediante las tasas de enfermedad (incidencia, prevalencia, etc.), las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedad específica, las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad comparativas, la distribución geográfica y los años de vida ajustados en función de la discapacidad (AVAD)…. Se analiza la situación epidemiológica actual, incluidos los datos sobre tasas de enfermedad o distribución geográfica para las enfermedades del cuadro 1. Hotez et al. (2008) fueron los primeros en examinar y comparar la carga de los AVAD en América Latina y el Caribe para las ETD, la infección por el VIH/sida, la malaria y la tuberculosis como era hace unos diez años atrás. Aunque la carga regional de tuberculosis, malaria y enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID) es algo menor a la de hace diez años, se sigue perdiendo la posibilidad de trabajar (y de asistir a la escuela) debido a la enfermedad y muerte prematura o discapacidad, y la necesidad de acelerar los esfuerzos para eliminar las enfermedades es evidente en todas las comunidades en situación de vulnerabilidad.
more
El objetivo de esta nota conceptual y del marco que describe es la eliminación de un grupo de enfermedades transmisibles y los efectos negativos sobre la salud que generan que juntos crean una carga tangible en las personas afectadas, sus familias y comunidades, y en los sistemas de atención de sa
...
lud en toda la Región. Aunque no hay consenso sobre las mejores medidas que se deben usar para la salud de las personas y de acuerdo con la situación epidemiológica de un país, es habitual medir la carga de enfermedad mediante las tasas de enfermedad (incidencia, prevalencia, etc.), las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedad específica, las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad comparativas, la distribución geográfica y los años de vida ajustados en función de la discapacidad (AVAD)…. Se analiza la situación epidemiológica actual, incluidos los datos sobre tasas de enfermedad o distribución geográfica para las enfermedades del cuadro 1. Hotez et al. (2008) fueron los primeros en examinar y comparar la carga de los AVAD en América Latina y el Caribe para las ETD, la infección por el VIH/sida, la malaria y la tuberculosis como era hace unos diez años atrás. Aunque la carga regional de tuberculosis, malaria y enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID) es algo menor a la de hace diez años, se sigue perdiendo la posibilidad de trabajar (y de asistir a la escuela) debido a la enfermedad y muerte prematura o discapacidad, y la necesidad de acelerar los esfuerzos para eliminar las enfermedades es evidente en todas las comunidades en situación de vulnerabilidad.
more
L’objectif de cette note conceptuelle et du cadre dont elle donne les grandes lignes est l’élimination d’un groupe de MT et de leurs effets pénalisants sur la santé (maladies énumérées au tableau 1 ci-dessous) qui, pris globalement, génèrent une charge tangible pour les personnes touch
...
ées, pour leurs familles et leurs communautés, ainsi que pour les systèmes de soins de santé les prenant en charge sur l’ensemble de la Région.
more
O objetivo desta nota conceitual e a estrutura que essa descreve tratam da eliminação de um grupo de DT e abordam os efeitos negativos para a saúde que essas DT causam (as doenças constam da Tabela 1 abaixo), e que, juntos, criam uma carga tangível sobre os indivíduos afetados, suas famílias,
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as comunidades e os sistemas de atenção de saúde por toda a Região.
more
These new guidelines should help medical and paramedical professionals to provide the state of art rabies prophylaxis to all animal bite victims in the government hospitals and prevent human rabies deaths in the state. The medical officers whenever in doubt are encouraged to contact the state nodal
...
officer and seek further clarifications regarding PEP.
more
Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease linked to poverty and is widely endemic, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. For decades, the World Health Organization has called for a larger role of the primary health care system in schistosomiasis control, and its integration within the routine activities of
...
primary health care facilities. Here, we reviewed existing studies on the integration of schistosomiasis control measures within the primary health care system, more precisely at the health centre, and we analysed their outcomes.
more
The Community Dialogue Approach is a promising social and behaviour change intervention, which has shown potential for improving health seeking behaviour. To test if this approach can strengthen prevention and control of schistosomiasis at community level, Malaria Consortium implemented a Community
...
Dialogue intervention in four districts of Nampula province, Mozambique, between August 2014 and September 2015.
more
Antimicrobial agents like antibiotics are essential to treat some human and animal diseases. Microbes, such as bacteria, can develop resistance to antimicrobials meaning that a drug such as an antibiotic is no longer effective in treating the infection. The development of resistance is caused by the
...
incorrect use of these drugs, for example, using antibiotics (which help to treat bacteria) for viral infections like flu, or as a growth promoter in agriculture.
more
National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan (NDMS&IP) 2018-2023
Department of Disability and elderly affairs
Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare
(2019)
CC
The NDMS&IP focuses on mainstreaming disability to promote equitable access to services in the six thematic areas of health, education, livelihoods, empowerment, and social inclusion and cross-cutting issues.
The first part of the NDMS&IP outlines incongruences between national and sectoral policie
...
s and pieces of legislation on one hand, and practice on the other and identifies key priority areas/themes of the strategy,
medium-term outcomes and strategies for each identified priority area/ theme. This process is largely informed by key findings and recommendations from a study on the Situation of Persons with Disabilities
in Malawi (CBMM/NAD, 2011). The study provides background descriptive information on existing national and sectoral policy and legal framework, level of access by children, adult women and males with disabilities to services in the areas of education, health, livelihoods and other social services as well as of participation by persons with disabilities through self-representation in development activities at various levels. A review of relevant documents at the international level further describes the disability situation in Malawi in the global context.
The second part of the NDMS&IP consists of the operational matrix, (Annex 1), a monitoring and evaluation framework (Annex 2) and budget estimates (Annex 3). This part outlines specific actions by various actors both in the public, private and civil society sectors to prioritise disability in their routine policy, programming, resource mobilisation and allocation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting routines. The action plan lays out priority sectors and concrete actions by setting out implementation schedules, defining targets, assigning responsibility to key duty bearers and rights holders for coordination, decision-making, monitoring and reporting, mobilisation and allocation and control of resources.
more
‘World Rabies Day’ is observed worldwide to mark the death anniversary of Louis Pasteur, a
French biologist, microbiologist and chemist who developed the first rabies vaccine. It’s a day where
Anti Rabies actions are collated, intensified and showcased.
Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths annually. Rural populations in Africa and Asia are predominantly affected, and approximately
40% of cases occur in children under the age of 15 years. Transmitted through bites and scratches from infected animal
...
s, dogs are responsible for up to 99% of human rabies cases.
more
Chagas disease is currently endemic and also predicted to be at increased transmission risk under future climate change scenarios. Similarly, an expansion of areas in the United States at increased risk for Chagas disease transmission is also expected over the next several decades under climate chan
...
ge scenarios. Of particular interest is the predicted northern shift of triatomine species to central regions of the United States with historically unsuitable climates for T. cruzi vectors. The weight of evidence regarding the influences climate change may pose on T. cruzi vector species distributions demonstrates the sensitivity of Chagas disease transmission to future climate variability. In order to advance forecasts for the impact climate change may have on Chagas disease transmission in the Americas, it is imperative to
further develop, utilize, and perhaps combine predictive species distribution modeling approaches that integrate accurate, long term data on climate variables, vector species distributions, Chagas disease incidence, as well as other socio-ecological variables.
more
La enfermedad de Chagas, también llamada tripanosomiasis americana, sigue siendo endémica en 21 países de América Latina. Sin embargo, como consecuencia de las migraciones, la urbanización, la intensificación del turismo, la modificación de las estrategias agrícolas y el cambio climático, l
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a enfermedad ha traspasado el marco rural y el ámbito latinoamericano que le dieron identidad durante decenios, y ha logrado instalarse en la periferia de las ciudades del área endémica y en países de América del Norte, Europa, Asia y Oceanía y transformarse en un problema de salud pública global. Teniendo en cuenta que el Chagas afecta a poblaciones en situación de pobreza en las que produce graves consecuencias para la salud y la economía de las personas infectadas, y que los recursos orientados a fomentar el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación, estrategias de control y planes de atención médica a los pacientes detectados son escasos, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) incorporó esta enfermedad al grupo de enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID) en el año 2005. Se reconoce actualmente la naturaleza multidimensional de la enfermedad de Chagas, cuya caracterización contempla una intrincada trama de aspectos socioculturales, políticos, biológicos, ambientales y sanitarios. Parte sustancial de todo ello radica en el carácter zoonótico de la endemia y la consiguiente imposibilidad de su erradicación. Por ende, resulta muy complicada la construcción de la ruta crítica para enfrentar esta enfermedad, con la aspiración o el objetivo de su eliminación como problema de salud pública. El propósito de esta guía es ofrecer a los Estados Miembros un instrumento que permita actualizar y estandarizar los procesos de evaluación del control, verificación de la interrupción de la transmisión, y validación de la eliminación de la enfermedad de Chagas como problema de salud pública, en consonancia con: a) la Estrategia y plan de acción para la prevención, el control y la atención de la enfermedad de Chagas; b) el Plan de acción para la eliminación de las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas y las medidas posteriores a la eliminación 2016-2022; c) el Plan de acción sobre entomología y control de vectores 2018-2023; d) guías o procedimientos operativos estandarizados existentes para la verificación o validación de la eliminación de otras enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID) como la oncocercosis, la filariasis linfática y el tracoma, y e) Enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Prevención, control, eliminación, erradicación.
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Dengue Vaccines: Current Status and Future Prospects
Driving progress towards rabies elimination: Results of Gavi’s Learning Agenda on rabies and new WHO position on rabies immunization
Fexinidazole and Human African Trypanosomiasis: good news for this important neglected tropical disease
Bayão T.S., Cupertino M.C., Gomes A.P. et al
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine
(2019)
C2
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is an endemic disease in 36 sub-Saharan African countries, typically occurring in underdeveloped areas, where
health systems face significant difficulties of diverse natures.
This report presents the results of the official United Nations estimates and projections of urban and rural populations for 233 countries and areas of the world and for close to 1,900 urban settlements with 300,000 inhabitants or more in 2018, as published in World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018
...
Revision. The data in this revision are consistent with the total populations estimated and projected according to the medium variant of the 2017 Revision of the United Nations global population estimates and projections, published in World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. This revision updates and supersedes previous estimates and projections published by the United Nations.
more
Accelerator Discussion Paper 1: Sustainable Financing
Global Fund, World Bank Group, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance et al.
World Health Organization (WHO)
(2019)
CC
The Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-being for All (SDG3 GAP) is a set of commitments by 13 multilateral agencies to strengthen their collaboration. For this purpose several accelerators were created and an invitation for public comment was started. This document focuses on Accelerator
...
Discussion Paper 1: Sustainable Financing.
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