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How effective are community health workers?

Henry Perry; Rose Zulliger John Hopkins Bloomberg University (2012)

An Overview of Current Evidence with Recommendations for Strengthening Community Health Worker Programs to Accelerate Progress in Achieving the Health-related Millennium Development Goals

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Community Health Worker Training Curriculum - Facilitator's Guide

Baylor Tingathe Community Outreach Programme Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi (2016) CC

This curriculum was designed to train newly recruited health care workers (HCW) in the basic knowledge and skills needed to improve different HIV services within the health facility including identification, linkage, retention and support. In addition to HIV basics, the training has supplementary un... more

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Qualitative assessment of community health workers’ perspective on their motivation in community-based primary health care in rural Malawi

Ndambo, M.K.; Munyaneza, F.; Aron, M.B. et al. BMC Health Services Research (2022) CC

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have a positive impact on the provision of community-based primary health care through screening, treatment, referral, psychosocial support, and accompaniment. With a broad scope of work, CHW programs must balance the breadth and depth of tasks to mainta...in CHW motivation for high-quality care delivery. Few studies have described the CHW perspective on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance their programmatic activities. Methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative study design with CHWs employed in the household model in Neno District, Malawi, to explore their perspectives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and dissatisfiers in their work. Data was collected in 8 focus group discussions with 90 CHWs in October 2018 and March–April 2019 in seven purposively selected catchment areas. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose. Results: Themes of complex intrinsic and extrinsic factors were generated from the perspectives of the CHWs in the focus group discussions. Study results indicate that enabling factors are primarily intrinsic factors such as positive patient outcomes, community respect, and recognition by the formal health care system but can lead to the chal- lenge of increased scope and workload. Extrinsic factors can provide challenges, including an increased scope and workload from original expectations, lack of resources to utilize in their work, and rugged geography. However, a posi- tive work environment through supportive relationships between CHWs and supervisors enables the CHWs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated enabling factors and challenges for CHW performance from their perspec- tive within the dual-factor theory. We can mitigate challenges through focused efforts to limit geographical distance, manage workload, and strengthen CHW support to reinforce their recognition and trust. Such programmatic empha- sis can focus on enhancing motivational factors found in this study to improve the CHWs’ experience in their role. The engagement of CHWs, the communities, and the formal health care system is critical to improving the care provided to the patients and communities, along with building supportive systems to recognize the work done by CHWs for the primary health care systems. more

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A household-based community health worker programme for non-communicable disease, malnutrition, tuberculosis, HIV and maternal health: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial in Neno Distr

Wroe, E.B.; Nhlema, B.; Dunbar, E.L. et al. BMJ Global Health (2021) CC

Background: Community health worker (CHW) programmes are a valuable component of primary care in resource-poor settings. The evidence supporting their effectiveness generally shows improvements in disease-specific outcomes relative to the absence of a CHW programme. In this study, we evaluated expan... more

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Working With the Community for Improved Health

K. Gryboski, N.V. Yinger; R.H. Dios, et al (2006) C1

Health Bulletin No.3

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Job Aid for the Community Health Worker in Reproductive and Child Health and the Prevention of Malaria

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania (2006) C1

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A Guide for Training Community Health Workers/Volunteers to Provide Maternal and Newborn Health Messages

USAIDBASICS and POPPHI (2009)

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Exploration of Community Health Workers’ views about in their role and support in Primary Health Care in Northern Cape, South Africa

Ramukumba, M.M. Journal of Community Health (2019) CC

Community health workers (CHWs) play a significant role in Primary health Care due to their proximity to households, communities and the health care system. Many studies focus on CHWs and the work they do. However, few have examined their experiences and identity and how that might influence how the... more

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National guidance and district-level practices in the supervision of community health workers in South Africa: a qualitative study

Assegaai, T. and H. Schneider Human Resources for Health (2019) C1

Supportive supervision is considered critical to community health worker programme performance, but there is relatively little understanding of how it can be sustainably done at scale. Supportive supervision is a holistic concept that encompasses three key functions: management (ensuring performance... more

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Evaluation of a community health worker training program on hypertension and diabetes in Limpopo Province South Africa

D.L. Richards, C. Campbell, A. Adams, S. Fantahun, K. Layne Annals of Global Health (2015) CC

Retention of knowledge and application within the community one year later

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Community health workers’ efforts to build health system trust in marginalised communities: a qualitative study from South Africa

Watkins, J:W.; F. Griffiths, and J. Goudge BMJ Open (2021) C1

Community health workers (CHWs) enable marginalised communities, often experiencing structural poverty, to access healthcare. Trust, important in all patient–provider relationships, is difficult to build in such communities, particularly when stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and now ... more

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Community health worker support to improve HIV treatment outcomes for older children and adolescents in Zimbabwe: a process evaluation of the ZENITH trial

C. D. Chikwari; V. Simms; Joanna Busza; et al. Implementation Science; BMC (2018) CC

Dziva Chikwari et al. Implementation Science (2018) 13:70 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0762-5

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Community Health Worker Reference Toolkit – A Toolkit for integrating CHWs in the formal healthcare system

Amref Health Africa (2021) CC

The CHW Toolkit assists the assessment, improvement, and planning of CHW programs by deepening understanding of the elements of successful programs and the use of best practices as an evidence-based approach to improvement. The toolkit is framed around ten key themes that describe the definition, en... more

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Community Health Worker Training Materials for Cholera Prevention and Control (Worldwide Edition)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2011) CC

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Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 9. CHWs’ relationships with the health system and communities

Karen LeBan , Maryse Kok and Henry B. Perry Health Research Policy and Systems (2021) CC

This is the ninth paper in our series, “Community Health Workers at the Dawn of a New Era”. Community health workers (CHWs) are in an intermediary position between the health system and the community. While this position provides CHWs with a good platform to improve community health, a major cha... more