Health Evidence Network Synthesis Report, No. 47
The increasing number of refugees, asylum seekers and irregular migrants poses a challenge for mental health services in Europe. This review found that these groups are exposed to risk factors for mental disorders before, during and after migration. ...The prevalence rates of psychotic, mood and substance use disorders in these groups are variable but overall are similar to those in the host populations; however, the rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in refugees and asylum seekers are higher.
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This guide provides a practical overview of the process of developing a Theory of Change, focusing on using a stakeholder-driven, workshop approach to achieve this.
This paper aims to explore the conditions needed for sustainable community based rehabilitation (CBR) programmes for persons with disabilities in Vietnam, and to identify the conditions and opportunities missing at present for the implementation of such programmes.
Cet outil peut être utilisé pour améliorer la qualité du programme ASC. Pour identifier et combler les lacunes dans la conception et la mise en œuvre du programme ASC, veuillez compléter les informations ci-dessous
Mood disorders
Chapter E.4
2018 edition
Trastornos des ánimo
Capítulo E.4
Edition 2018
Editores: Matías Irarrázaval & Andres Martin
Traducción: Fernanda Prieto-Tagle & María Vidal
In 2017, the World Bank and partners created the Global Investment Framework for Nutrition as a roadmap towards achieving the World Health Assembly (WHA) nutrition targets by 2025. The framework estimates that the world needs to mobilize an annual additional investment of $7 billion per year to scal...e-up nutrition-specific interventions at the level needed to achieve the global targets. However, the world is off-track to meet the global targets. And it is unclear whether additional resources will be mobilized for life-saving and cost-effective nutrition-specific interventions, or whether donor support will be enough to meet the annual resource need established by the framework.
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Yu et al. BMC Public Health (2018) 18:825 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5731-z
Research Article
PLoS ONE 13(8): e0202499. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202499
This was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 among 305 school children aged 7–16 years from two primary schools located in Ilemela and Magu Districts, north-western Tanzania. Single stool and urine samples w...ere collected from each participant and examined for the presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs, parasite antigen, and parasite DNA using KK thick smears, POC-CCA tests, and real-time PCR, respectively.
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Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017, vol. 20:e25026
In Myanmar, men who have sex with men (MSM) experience high risk of HIV infection. However, access to HIV testing and prevention services remains a challenge among this marginalized population. The objective of this study was to est...imate population prevalence and correlates of prior HIV testing among young MSM (YMSM) and informs the development of HIV testing and intervention programmes that respond to the specific needs of this population.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25026
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Miscellaneous
Chapter J.8
BMJ Glob Health 2019;4:e001272. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001272
Trust is an essential component of successful cooperative endeavours. The global health response to the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak confronted historically tenuous regional relationships of trust. Challenging sociopolitical co...ntexts and initially inappropriate communication strategies impeded trustworthy relationships between communities and responders during the epidemic. Social scientists affiliated with the Ebola 100-Institut Pasteur project interviewed approximately 160 local, national and international responders holding a wide variety of roles during the epidemic
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Health Evidence Network synthesis report 72
PNAS 119 (8) e2113947119 | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119
Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, m...easure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) constituyen una de las Infecciones Asociadas al Cuidado de la Salud (IACS) más frecuentes que ponen en riesgo a los pacientes llevando muchas veces al fracaso del procedimiento quirúrgico. Con una incidencia mucho mayor en países de medianos y bajos ing...resos, representa un desafío de la práctica médica cotidiana que compromete la salud y la seguridad de los pacientes. La indicación de profilaxis primaria con antibióticos en relación a los procedimientos invasivos, tiene como objetivo disminuir la incidencia de infecciones con la consecuente disminución de la morbimortalidad debiendo utilizarse únicamente en aquellos procedimientos en los que hay evidencia de efectividad. Cabe destacar que la indicación inadecuada, tiene potenciales efectos adversos tales como infecciones por Clostridium difficile, emergencia de resistencia
bacteriana, reacciones adversas a drogas e incremento de los costos en salud.
La profilaxis antibiótica como complemento de una buena técnica quirúrgica, es una medida costo efectiva de prevención de las ISQ representando alrededor del 30% de la indicación de antibióticos entre los pacientes hospitalizados. Dado que en algunos estudios el uso inapropiado de antibióticos se ve reflejado en el 40 al
80% de las indicaciones médicas, desde la Comisión de Infecciones Asociadas al Cuidado de la Salud y Seguridad del Paciente de SADI hemos realizado una actualización de la evidencia disponible. Este documento es una acción complementaria al consenso “Prevención de Infección del Sitio Quirúrgico” realizado entre SADI y el Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “J. Jara” durante el Congreso de SADI 2015.
La posibilidad de contar con una guía actualizada de profilaxis quirúrgica adaptada a nuestro medio, constituye una herramienta de uso cotidiano por parte de los profesionales del equipo quirúrgico que permite la optimización de la utilización de fármacos restringiendo así la emergencia y diseminación de la resistencia bacteriana. Sin duda esperamos que pueda ser de utilidad para el equipo de salud.
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Asthma is the commonest chronic childhood disease and encompasses a spectrum of airway diseases with similar symptoms. Inaccurate diagnosis remains common, especially in younger children, with failure to characterize the different “asthmas.” Children worldwide repeatedly suffer symptoms which se...verely affect their everyday lives. Children die from asthma, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In many countries, asthma prevalence is rising. Access to effective care and changing environments are hugely variable and may explain the higher morbidity in inner-city children, in LMICs, and in deprived populations in high-income countries. Despite the disease being eminently controllable, morbidity and mortality persist.
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Since there is no single objective diagnostic test for asthma this study suggests an approach of collecting and assembling pieces of clinical information to create a diagnostic picture, like making a jigsaw puzzle. These pieces should include demonstration of symptom and airway variability and/or br...onchodilator responsiveness over time, to support a clinical diagnosis.
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