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Public health challenges over the past decade have highlighted the importance of approaching health through a holistic lens of human, animal, and environmental sectors, recognizing the need for a collaborative response against shared threats. Zoonotic diseases, transmitted between humans and animals
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through their shared environment, are at the forefront of the threats requiring collaborations that span human health, natural ecosystems, and food systems.
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Drawing on the World Health Organization’s package of NCD best buys, the report demonstrates how these evidence-based measures can help countries reduce premature deaths, strengthen health systems, and advance progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. It provides policymakers, donors, ad
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vocates, and partners with a clear economic and social rationale for scaling up implementation of proven solutions. By framing NCD prevention and control as both a health and development priority, the report offers a roadmap for action that delivers benefits across populations, economies, and generations. The evidence is clear: investing in WHO’s best buys is not only possible—it is imperative. The time to act is now.
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WHO, as the coordinating authority on international health, supports countries in protecting public health through evidence-based policies and actions. Considering the significant health burden and the multiple potential benefits of interventions, the WHO Air Quality, Energy and Health Unit aims to
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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 6: tuberculosis and comorbidities, 2nd ed
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Addressing TB comorbidities and risk factors is central to the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy. These guidelines consolidate the latest WHO recommendations on TB and key comorbidities. The guidelines are a living document and will include dedicated sections for each key TB comorbidit
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y or health-related risk factor. The first edition focused on HIV-associated TB, updating the WHO policy on collaborative TB/HIV activities. This second edition expands on the previous edition and consolidates new and existing recommendations on interventions to address undernutrition in people with TB, to provide food assistance to households of people with TB in food-insecure settings, and to screen for TB among those who are undernourished or food insecure.
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Strengthening global health security to protect the world against future epidemics and pandemics requires well-tested and decentralized capacities for the local detection and rapid containment of outbreaks of infectious disease. For such capacities to translate into effective response actions, ind
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ividuals and teams must be well connected and coordinated, despite differences in the size, geography, technical focus or constituency of their parent institution.
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The primary audience for this guideline includes policy-makers or service providers who are responsible for developing national and local health-care protocols and policies related to care during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period, and those directly providing care to women during pregna
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ncy, including obstetricians, midwives, endocrinologists, nurses, general practitioners, dietitians and diabetes educators, and managers of maternal and child health programmes, in all settings.
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Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents With HIV
recommended
Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents With HIV
ClinicalInfo.gov
(2025)
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Adolescents With HIV document is published in an electronic format and updated as relevant changes
in prevention and treatment recommendations occur.
This is the 2025 draft Malawi Guidelines for Syndromic Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections which is yet to be approved by the SMT.
A Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug-susceptible TB in Children and Adolescents
in South Africa. This new guidance is aligned with the updated WHO guidelines but has been adapted specifically for the South African context.
The intention of this publication is to provide g
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uidance on the Diagnosis and treatment of TB in children and adolescents and they may be downloaded and distributed as required. Distribution for remuneration is not permitted. No changes to the content or format of this publication is permitted.
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Early Warning and Response to Outbreaks and other Public Health Events: A Guide provides practical guidance for strengthening early warning functions within existing public health surveillance systems in WHO’s South-East Asia Region. The document explains how countries can detect, verify, and resp
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ond rapidly to outbreaks and other unusual public health events in line with the International Health Regulations (2005). It describes the five key steps of an Early Warning and Response (EWAR) system—information collection, signal detection, event verification, response, and communication—and outlines how to set alert thresholds, identify signals, and ensure timely reporting. The guide also includes recommendations for monitoring and evaluating system performance to improve timeliness, sensitivity, and overall effectiveness in preventing and controlling public health threats.
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Populations affected by emergencies are continually at risk of outbreaks of epidemic-prone diseases and other public health hazards. This operational guidance aims to guide decision-making on when and how to implement and strengthen Early Warning Alert and Response (EWAR) in preparation for and resp
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onse to emergencies. Each module aims to provide updated operational guidance for EWAR practices, which may be more easily understood and applied during emergencies. Through its application, this operational guidance aims to contribute to:
- earlier detection of acute public health events
- earlier and more effective response
- reduced impact of emergencies on health
- increased trust of the population in the (public) health system
- fulfilling our collective commitments to the International Health Regulations (IHR,
2005).
This guidance was developed jointly by 69 experts from more than 20 organizations from global level to country level.
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Mosby’s Pocket Guide to Nursing Skills and Procedures, eighth edition, is
a practical, portable reference for students and practitioners in the
clinical setting. Grouped alphabetically, 85 commonly performed skills
are presented in a clear, step-by-step format that includes:
■ Purpose for pe
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rforming each skill
■ Guidelines to help students in delegating tasks to assistive
personnel
■ List of equipment required
■ Rationales to explain why specific techniques are used
■ Full-color photographs and drawings to provide visual
reinforcement
In addition, Safety Alerts are included in the skills to highlight important
information about patient safety and effective performance.
Current Standard Precautions guidelines from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention are incorporated throughout. Preprocedure
and postprocedure protocols are conveniently located on the inside
back cover.
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This European compendium was produced to provide operational examples of the new nursing and midwifery roles and new service delivery models currently being employed across the Region. The case studies directly relate to the priority areas in Health 2020 and exemplify the types of activities needed
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to fully implement the objectives within the Strategic Directions framework.
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For many years, Community Health Care Workers (CHWs) in Tanzania and Africa in general have played significant role in community health promotion. Their specific roles have been changing from time to time. However, their key roles have over time included giving health education and dissemination of
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health information to communities, invariably moving on to include other services such as offering curative services and conducting community surveys. Deployment of CHWs has mainly been a response to the severe shortage of the human resource for health in most African countries due to brain drain for various reasons that include unattractive terms and conditions of employment. On the other hand the human resources for health (HRH) is a result of positive growing demand for health services, a situation confronted by inadequate supply of trained health personnel from training institutions to meet the demand.
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In many countries neonatal tetanus is responsible for half of all neonatal deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases and for almost 14% of al¡ infant deaths. It is estimated that in the 1970s more than 10,000 newborns died annually from neonatal tetanus in the Americas. Neonatal tetanus is prevent
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ed by immunization and/or assuring clean delivery and post-delivery practices.
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Developing protocols for use with refugees
and internally displaced persons
First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care
The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care provide health-care workers (HCWs), hospital administrators and health authorities with a thorough review of evidence on hand hygiene in health care and specific recommendations to impro
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ve practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and HCWs. The present Guidelines are intended to be implemented in any situation in which health care is delivered either to a patient or to a specific group in a population. Therefore, this concept applies to all settings where health care is permanently or occasionally performed, such as home care by birth attendants.
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These guidelines deal specifically with water, sanitation and hygiene, and are designed to be used in schools in low-cost settings in low- and medium-resource countries to:
• assess prevailing situations and plan for required improvements;
• develop and reach essential safety standards as a f
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irst goal; and
• support the development and application of national policies.
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