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Risk factors of Cholera mortality

Global Task Force On Cholera Control (GTFCC) (2022) CC

To better adapt current case management practices and address excess mortality in otherwise treatable cases will require better knowledge of the demographic characteristics of the patients and comorbidities which can make severe dehydration harder to tolerate physiologically. With this in mind, a ... more

Lo que usted necesita saber sobre la infección de TB

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2022) C_CDC

Tome medidas para asegurarse de que la infección de TB no avance a la enfermedad de TB. Lea este folleto para aprender a controlar su salud.

Interim advice for public health authorities on summer events during the monkeypox outbreak in Europe, 2022

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2022) C1

14 June 2022. The aim of this document is to provide concise advice to public health authorities and guide their prevention, awareness-raising and behaviour change interventions before, during and after upcoming summer events.

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Malawi

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis across Africa and lays out urgent policy recommendations to addr ... more

Infórmese sobre la enfermedad tuberculosa

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2022) C_CDC

Quizás le hayan dicho recientemente que tiene la enfermedad de la TB. Puede que se sienta algo confundido; esto es normal. Usted está recibiendo mucha información nueva. Es posible que le sirva leer este folleto y enterarse de lo que dicen algunas personas como usted sobre la TB

Introduction to Measles - A Priority Vaccine Preventable Disease (VPD) in Africa

Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja German Red Cross (2015) C2

Workshop Presentation

Тестування на туберкульозну інфекцію та скринінг на туберкульоз серед біженців, які прибувають до країн Європи з України

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2022) C1

7 April 2022. Aimed at national policymakers, public health and healthcare planners, staff working in reception centres, and healthcare staff caring for displaced persons, the information note concludes that universal testing of incoming refugees from Ukraine for tuberculosis (TB) infection is not r ... more

Cuestiones prioritarias en materia de investigación sobre la tuberculosis y la infección por el VIH en entornos de recursos limitados donde la infección por el VIH es prevalente

Delphine Sculier, Haileyesus Getahun, Reuben Granich World Health Organization, TB HIV working group, Stop TB Partnership (2011) C_WHO

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in migrants, multi-country cluster - third update, 13 April 2017

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C1

Seguir el tratamiento con los TB Tuberculosis medicamentos para la tuberculosis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2022) C_CDC

Lea este folleto para informarse sobre la TB y lo que puede hacer para curarse. Colóquelo a mano para consultarlo y leerlo cuando tenga preguntas. Siga el tratamiento para curarse de la TB.

Certified African Regional professionals: Level 1 Biorisk Management

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) Biosafety and Biosecurity Initiative was launched by the Africa CDC in April 2019 with the aim of strengthening the African Union (AU) Member States’ biosafety and biosecurity syst ... more

Kenya: Demographic and Health Survey - 2008-09

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics,National AIDS Control Council (2010) C1

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ... is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Mpox Surveillance Reporting Protocol for African Union Member States

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2024) CC

On 13 August 2024, the Africa Centres for Disease Control (Africa CDC) declared the multi-country mpox outbreak a public health emergency of continental security, with strong recommendations to improve surveillance and vaccine deployment in all AU M ... more

Guidelines for presentation of surveillance data Tables, graphs, maps

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2018) C_CDC

Data presentation is the basis for describing data and generating hypotheses for further testing. It consists of a number of methods for summarising data in order to support the identification of patterns. Data can be summarised in a number of forms, including tables or graphical representations s ... more

Survive, Thrive, Transform — Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health (2016–2030)

Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS (UNAIDS) (2018) C1

2018 monitoring report: current status and strategic priorities
The report sets out the status of women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health, and on health systems and social and environmental determinants. Regional dashboards on 16 key indicators highlight where progress is being made o ... more

Monkeypox multi-country outbreak. Rapid Risk Assessment

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2022) C2

Cases of monkeypox (MPX) acquired in the EU have recently been reported in nine EU Member States (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands). Monkeypox (MPX) does not spread easily between people. Human-to-human transmission occurs through close contact ... more

Handbook on TB laboratory diagnostic methods in the European Union

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

The aim of this handbook is to provide network members and other laboratories involved in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, with an agreed list of key diagnostic methods and their protocols in various areas of TB diagnosis, ranging from microbiological diagnosis of active TB to the diagnosis of latent ... more

A comprehensive systematic review for identifying the risk factors for carrying aTrypanosoma cruzi infection in non-endemic countries

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2024) CC

Mass population movements have accounted for the emergence of Chagas disease (CD) outside endemic regions, including the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). The parasite responsible for causing CD, Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), can be transmitted through substances of human origin (SoH ... more

SAVE Advocacy Strategy - The Kenyan Case Study

Inerela + Kenya (International Network of Religious Leaders Living with or personally affected by HIV - Kenya Chapter); Christian aid (2019) C2

Accessed: 17.11.2019