at the national and acute health care facility level
The purpose of this manual is to define a limited number of indicators that will objectively describe the management and use of antimicrobials in hospitals and to provide tools and step-by-step instructions for designing and carrying out an assessment of antibiotic use and management in hospitals. T...he indicators in this manual will complement the existing WHO (1993) indicators of outpatient antimicrobial use suggested in How to Investigate Drug Use in Health Facilities (including percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic was prescribed and percentage of medicine costs spent on antibiotics) and will address the need for antimicrobial indicators for inpatient conditions.
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This document provides up-to-date guidance on laboratory studies as well as smallscale (semi-field) and large-scale field trials to assess the efficacy and determine field
application rates of new molluscicide products for control of schistosomiasis.
Over 6 million people worldwide are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan that causes Chagas disease
(CD). T. cruzi is transmitted by triatomine insects, congenitally, through uncontrolled blood donations and organ transplants,
and via consumption of food or drink contaminated by triatomi...nes.
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Recommandations formalisées d'experts
Les présentes lignes directrices ont pour objet de préparer les pays d’endémie à arrêter l’AMM à l’issue du traitement, à passer à la surveillance post-thérapeutique ainsi qu’à confirmer l’interruption de la transmission à l’issue de la phase 2 et à débuter la surveillance p...ost-élimination.
Le but est de fournir un outil actualisé pour atteindre et vérifier l’élimination de la
transmission d’Ovolvulus à l’issue des programmes d’élimination de l’onchocercose qui utilisent principalement l’AMM.
Les objectifs sont de :
• formuler des recommandations basées sur des preuves à l’intention des prestataires de soins et des décideurs en matière de politique pour démontrer et confirmer l’interruption de la transmission d’O. volvulus avant, pendant et après la surveillance post-thérapeutique ;
• informer les utilisateurs finaux des procédures nécessaires pour vérifier l’élimination de l’onchocercose humaine.
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Snakebite envenoming is a serious public health problem in Central America, where approximately 5,500 cases occur every year. Panama has the highest incidence and El Salvador the lowest. The majority, and most severe, cases are inflicted by the pit viper Bothrops asper (family Viperidae), locally kn...own as ‘terciopelo’, ‘barba amarilla’ or ‘equis’. About 1% of the bites are caused by coral snakes of the genus Micrurus (family Elapidae). Despite significant and successful efforts in Central America regarding snakebite envenomings in the areas of research, antivenom manufacture and quality control, training of health professionals in the diagnosis and clinical management of bites, and prevention of snakebites, much remains to be done in order to further reduce the impact of this medical condition. This essay presents seven challenges for improving the confrontation of snakebite envenoming in Central America. Overcoming these challenges demands a coordinated partnership of highly diverse stakeholders though inter-sectorial and inter-programmatic interventions.
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The WHO continuously reviews available data on SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. For this version, the global epidemiological
situation of the COVID-19 pandemic as of 21 January 2022 – at a time when the Omicron VOC had been identified in 171
countries across all six WHO Regions and was rapidly re...placing Delta worldwide – was considered Omicron has a substantial growth advantage, higher secondary attack rates and a higher observed reproduction number than Delta.
There is now significant evidence that immune evasion contributes to the rapid spread of Omicron. Other factors may be a shorter
serial interval (by about 0.8 to 1.2 days compared to Delta) and potential increased intrinsic transmission fitness . There is
growing evidence that with Omicron, there is lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection and symptomatic disease soon after vaccination compared to Delta. There is also evidence of accelerated waning of VE over time of the primary series against infection and symptomatic disease for the studied vaccines. Further studies are required to better understand the drivers of transmission and declining incidence in various settings. These factors include the intrinsic transmission fitness properties of the virus, degree of immune evasion, vaccination coverage and level of vaccine-derived and post-infection immunity, levels of social mixing and degree of application of public health and social measures (PHSM).
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Paraguay muestra avances en el compromiso asumido, de avanzar hacia la Salud Uni¬versal. La experiencia ha demostrado que el proceso puede acelerarse cuando existe un fuerte involucramiento social. En este marco se realizó un llamado a los líderes del MSPYBS, la sociedad civil y público en gener...al para lograr un sólido compromiso con las acciones que nos permitan avan¬zar hacia la salud para todos y todas en ámbitos específicos. El propósito fue el de abrir un espacio de diálogo que genere propuestas concretas para sentar las bases de un sistema de Salud Universal. En este marco se realizó un llamado a los líderes del MSPYBS, la sociedad civil y público en general para lograr un sólido compromiso con las acciones que nos permitan avan¬zar hacia la salud para todos y todas en ámbitos específicos. El propósito fue el de abrir un espacio de diálogo que genere propuestas concretas para sentar las bases de un sistema de Salud Universal.
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El proyecto “Abordar las Enfermedades Infecciosas Desatendidas (EID) y las arbovirosis en el Chaco Paraguayo” ejecutado en el period 2017-2018 en el Chaco paraguayo por el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social de Paraguay (MSPyBS) con la cooperación técnica de la Representación en e...l Paraguay de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/ Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) tiene como propósito generar evidencias sobre la capacidad de respuesta del país en esta zona geográfica, a fin de que permita establecer estrategias e intervenciones para fortalecer las capacidades existentes y facilite la toma de acciones oportunas para la prevención, el control y/o eliminación de este conjunto de enfermedades a la luz de los compromisos enmarcados en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2030, la Política Nacional de Salud 2030 y el Plan Estratégico de la OPS/OMS 2014-2019. El proyecto pretende lograr la implementación de un ambicioso sistema de vigilancia integrada (vigilancia epidemiológica, vigilancia de laboratorio y vigilancia entomológica) que proporcione datos de manera oportuna y eficaz para hacer frente a las arbovirosis y a las EID endémicas, como son en Paraguay la enfermedad de Chagas, leishmaniosis, helmintiasis transmitidas por el suelo, teniasis/cisticercosis, la lepra y de forma estratégica se ha incluido al dengue.
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In the last decade, Timor-Leste has made remarkable progress in strengthening its health system and improving the health status of its population. This has resulted in an increased life expectancy, and the achievement of Millennium Development Goals such as a reduction in infant and under-five morta...lity, an improvement in maternal and child health outcomes, and an increase in immunization coverage. Further, the country has successfully eliminated infectious diseases such as polio, measles, and maternal and neonatal tetanus. There is full political commitment to reducing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) by 80% and the number of deaths due to TB by 90% by 2030. The country has made great progress in the context of the pandemic, having established numerous quarantine facilities/isolation centres; trained health-care workers; streamlined the procurement and supply of medicines, consumables, personal protective equipment and other equipment; and strengthened the capacity in critical care across secondary and tertiary health care, to better respond to future pandemics and other disaster situations.
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The WHO Pharmaceuticals Newsletter provides you with the latest information on the safety of medicinal products and regulatory actions taken by authorities around the world.
In addition, this edition includes summary and recommendations from the virtual meeting of the members of the WHO Programme f...or International Drug Monitoring (PIDM) and other partners, which was held on 20 October 2022.
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The desired impact of the OH JPA is a world better able to prevent, predict, detect and
respond to health threats and improve the health of humans, animals, plants and the
environment while contributing to sustainable development. The OH JPA aims to work
towards this vision in the following way:
...
• Provide a framework for action and propose a set of activities the four organizations
can offer together to advance and sustainably scale up One Health.
• Provide upstream policy and legislative advice and technical assistance, to help
set national targets and priorities across the sectors for the development and
implementation of One Health legislation, initiatives and programmes.
• Take stock of existing cross-sectoral global and regional initiatives around One
Health, identify and advise on synergies and overlaps, and support coordination.
• Mobilize and make better use of resources across sectors, disciplines and
stakeholders.
• The OH JPA is guided by a theory of change and makes use of One Health principles
to strengthen collaboration, communication, capacity building and coordination
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La schistosomiase humaine est une maladie parasitaire chronique et aigüe causée par une infection par des douves du sang (vers trématodes) du genre Schistosoma. Cette maladie est un problème de santé publique dans les zones tropicales et
subtropicales d’Afrique, d’Asie, des Caraïbes et d...Amérique du Sud. Environ 779 millions de personnes sont exposées au risque de contracter l’infection (1). Quelque 236,6 millions de personnes avaient besoin d’une chimiothérapie préventive en 2019
(2).La schistosomiase est une maladie tropicale négligée (MTN), un groupe de diverses maladies et affections qui touchent principalement les populations à faible revenu dansle monde entier
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A medida que el tratamiento antirretrovírico con dolutegravir se extiende a más personas que viven con el VIH en el
mundo, adquiere más importancia estimar la frecuencia con que surge la farmacorresistencia adquirida a este
antirretrovírico en las poblaciones tratadas con esquemas que lo conti...enen. Si bien no se ha detectado resistencia
al dolutegravir en los ensayos clínicos con poblaciones no tratadas antes con antirretrovíricos en las que se ha
detectado una viremia persistente pese al tratamiento, los datos indican que puede surgir en quienes toman esquemas
con dolutegravir. La OMS recomienda a los países que estén ampliando el tratamiento con dolutegravir que acompañen
su despliegue con la vigilancia sistemática de la farmacorresistencia.
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Groupe indépendant d’experts de la redevabilité de l’initiative Chaque femme, chaque enfant. (2020). Dans la tourmente de la pandémie de COVID-19: la santé de la femme, de l’enfant et de l’adolescent dans le contexte de la couverture sanitaire universelle et des objectifs de dével...oppement durable : rapport 2020 : résumé d'orientation.
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Mothers, newborns, young children and adolescents are losing 20 percent of their health and social services due to the COVID-19 pandemic says a Panel of senior global health experts.
En la actualidad, los daños que sufren los pacientes a causa de una atención poco segura constituyen un desafío
importante y creciente para la salud pública mundial y son una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad
en todo el mundo. La mayor parte de estos daños son evitables. Ahor...a que los países se esfuerzan por alcanzar la
cobertura sanitaria universal y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, los efectos beneficiosos de un mayor acceso
a los servicios de atención de la salud pueden verse socavados por una atención poco segura. Los incidentes
relacionados con la seguridad de los pacientes pueden causar muerte y discapacidad, así como sufrimiento a
las víctimas y sus familias. Los costos económicos que conllevan los fallos de seguridad son elevados. A menudo
se reduce la confianza del público en los sistemas de salud locales cuando se dan a conocer estos accidentes.
El personal de salud implicado en sucesos graves que implican la muerte o un daño grave a un paciente
también puede sufrir un deterioro psicológico duradero y sentimientos de culpa y autocrítica muy arraigados
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A group of enzootic and zoonotic protozoan infections, the leishmaniases constitute among the most severely neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and are found in all continents except Oceania. Representing the most common infectious diseases, NTDs comprise an open-ended list of some 20 parasitic, bact...erial, viral, protozoan and helminthic infections. Called “diseases of the poor,” because of their characteristic prevalence in poor populations regardless of a country's income status, they infect over one billion people in over 140 countries, with about 90% of the global burden in Africa. While NTDs do not contribute significantly to global deaths, they are debilitating and remain the most common infections among the poor worldwide, preventing them from escaping poverty by impacting livelihoods such as agriculture and livestock, and affecting cognitive, developmental and education outcomes.
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Le Cadre d’action régional vise à aider les États Membres, l’OMS et tous les autres donateurs et partenaires à travailler ensemble pour remédier systématiquement et progressivement aux diverses faiblesses relevées dans les principaux domaines programmatiques et/ou de contribuer à renforc...er les composantes pertinentes des systèmes de santé, de façon à fournir un accès universel et équitable aux
interventions et aux services essentiels liés aux MTN, notamment pour les populations marginalisées et peu accessibles, et à parvenir rapidement à la maîtrise et à l’élimination des MTN.
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