A handbook for leaders and managers
UNAIDS/10.03E / JC1767E (English original, March 2010) ISBN 978 92 9 173849 6
Government Barriers to Condom Use by Men Who Have Sex With Men
DHS Working Papers No. 101
Women’s empowerment, HIV testing, birth in past five years, Tanzania
Non-discrimination disability and ethnic rights
This report presents the findings from the Community Based Volunteers Skill Audit Survey that was carried out in 11 districts in Zambia as part of the Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Initiative.
The uneven distribution of HIV risks and burdens across populations is a well-substantiated fact, though seldom publicly acknowledged. Gay men and other men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, sex workers, and transgender women are 24, 24, 13.5, and 49 times more likely to acquire HIV, ...respectively, than other reproductive aged adults (15 years old and older). Globally, new infections among these key populations account for 45% of all new HIV infections. This figure is likely to be an underestimate, given the intense stigma associated with disclosing and reporting acquisition risks for HIV among gay men, people who use drugs, sex workers, and transgender people. In addition, HIV epidemics in the majority of low- and middle-income countries (90 of 120) have concentrated epidemics among key populations. In countries with more broadly generalized epidemics, risks are still not evenly distributed and key populations still shoulder disease burden that is markedly disproportionate.
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Globally, approximately 56.8 million people are in need of palliative care
services; 78% of them living in low and middle-income country yet only
about 12% have their needs being met causing great suffering for many.