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The CDC's "Malaria's Impact Worldwide" webpage provides an overview of malaria's global burden, highlighting that in 2022, there were approximately 249 million malaria cases and 608,000 deaths, predominantly among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. It emphasizes that nearly half the world's po
...
pulation is at risk, with malaria being a leading cause of illness and death in many affected countries. The page also discusses the significant economic and social costs of malaria on individuals, families, communities, and nations. Despite progress in reducing mortality rates by 36% from 2010 to 2020, recent years have seen a plateau in advancements, underscoring the need for ongoing vigilance and research.
more
Zambia is facing a severe economic crisis marked by high inflation, increasing poverty and a heavy debt burden that is straining both its fiscal stability and progress in health outcomes. By 2020, the country's external debt reached United States dollars (USD) 12.7 billion, representing 108% of the
...
country's gross domestic product (GDP). In 2020, Zambia sought assistance through the G20 Common Framework and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Extended Credit Facility (ECF), securing a USD 1.7 billion loan over 5 years. IMF loans, however, come with austerity measures that prioritise fiscal discipline but could potentially exacerbate social inequalities. These measures, which include increasing consumer taxes on goods and services (value added taxes - VATs), electricity tariffs and fuel prices, disproportionately impact vulnerable populations, raising concerns about their long-term effects on essential services, especially accessible and good quality healthcare services.
more
In 21st century capitalism, financial markets reign supreme. The elevation of investing, trading, and speculating as a way of making profit has shifted economic power towards institutional investors and enhanced the power of financial capital. Financialisation has introduced uncertainty in the commi
...
tment to public provision of goods and services. The behaviours of corporations focus more on profit for shareholders and senior executives to the detriment of wages, worker protections, livelihoods, and impact on prices and the environment. The practices of this financial system
pose major challenges to public health and planetary health equity through the influence on social inequality, climate change, and health outcomes. The aim of this Viewpoint is to expand the understanding of the commercial determinants of health to explicitly include the financial system and present key plausible pathways via which the financialisation of advanced economies influences public health and planetary health equity.
more
In 2019, the Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health concluded that taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages were a highly effective but greatly underused policy tool to reduce consumption, save lives, and raise domestic resources. The Task Force estimated that if all countries increa
...
sed their excise taxes to raise prices by 50 percent, over 50 million premature deaths could be averted worldwide over the next 50 years while
raising over USD 20 trillion of additional revenue. Since the Task Force first convened, the world has faced a “polycrisis,” including a global pandemic, an economic recession, and the outbreak of wars in Europe and the Middle East. Against this backdrop, the world has also experienced prolonged health and fiscal crises. Health systems, weakened by the COVID-19 pandemic, lack sufficient financing to rebuild and respond to the surging noncommunicable diseases epidemic caused by uncontrolled risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and sugar consumption. Opportunities to raise domestic resources are limited and debt burdens have squeezed budgets. The period from 2019 to 2027 risks becoming a “lost decade” for health and social policies, with 110 countries facing little prospect of any
ability to raise government revenues beyond current levels. In this paper, we describe the current health and fiscal crises and review the contribution that health taxes could make in turning around this dire situation. We conclude that taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and
sugar-sweetened beverages are an ideal policy solution—good for the budget and good for health. These taxes are relatively quick to implement, and, unlike other taxes, do not put economic growth at risk—a vital benefit in the current era.
more
This chapter of the AMP LLIN Mass Campaign Toolkit outlines the strategic communication approaches that are essential before, during and after long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) distribution campaigns. It emphasises the importance of setting up a national communications sub-committee under
...
the leadership of the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) and the Ministry of Health (MoH) to coordinate advocacy, social mobilisation and behaviour change communication (BCC). The aim of these three components is to secure political and financial support, mobilise communities, and promote sustained net use through tailored, multi-channel messaging. Effective coordination and planning are critical for successful malaria prevention efforts.
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The Zambia Malaria Campaign, implemented by Breakthrough ACTION, used culturally tailored radio adverts and a campaign song to encourage key behaviours for preventing and treating malaria. The campaign targeted high-risk groups, such as pregnant women and caregivers of children under five, and deliv
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ered messages in multiple local languages, including English, Siswati and Tonga. The audio content encouraged the consistent use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), seeking timely care for fevers, and preventing malaria during pregnancy. Through addressing common myths and promoting positive social norms in an engaging way, the campaign aimed to increase community knowledge and encourage long-lasting behavioural change in malaria-endemic regions of Zambia.
more
This policy brief presents a summary of current evidence on vulnerability to TB and proposes interventions for equitable, person-centred, and human rights-based TB prevention and care. It aligns with WHO policies and guidance on TB prevention and screening, management of TB and comorbidities, access
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to health care, universal health coverage, determinants of TB, TB-associated impairment and disability, social protection, as well as ethics, equity and human rights.
more
This case study uses the Astana Primary Health Care (PHC) framework to explore the impact of the 2020–21 pandemic on primary health care in Kenya. While the pandemic exposed systemic challenges, such as limited testing capacity, an inadequate supply of PPE, and weak
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social protection, Kenya's health system also demonstrated notable adaptability. The response was largely hospital-centred, with PHC playing a secondary role. Nevertheless, innovations emerged on both the provider and consumer sides to maintain service delivery and access. The study emphasises the importance of building on these experiences to enhance emergency preparedness and develop a more robust and integrated health system.
more
Every two minutes, a child under the age of 5 dies from malaria. Under-five children accounted for 67 per cent of all malaria deaths worldwide in 2018. Most of them occurred in sub-Saharan Africa where an estimated 24 million children were infected with its deadliest form. In addition to being the t
...
hird-deadliest infectious disease for children, malaria infection and the costs of treatment traps families in a cycle of illness, suffering and poverty.This year’s World Malaria Day is marred by the emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak, which further threatens people’s lives and well-being. Public health officials are taking precautionary and often aggressive measures to limit transmission of this virus, including reductions in social movement, physical distancing, hand-washing and recommending the use of personal protection equipment in high-risk settings. However, while focusing on combating this disease, the world cannot afford to ignore other diseases, such as malaria.
more
Drawing on the World Health Organization’s package of NCD best buys, the report demonstrates how these evidence-based measures can help countries reduce premature deaths, strengthen health systems, and advance progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. It provides policymakers, donors, ad
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vocates, and partners with a clear economic and social rationale for scaling up implementation of proven solutions. By framing NCD prevention and control as both a health and development priority, the report offers a roadmap for action that delivers benefits across populations, economies, and generations. The evidence is clear: investing in WHO’s best buys is not only possible—it is imperative. The time to act is now.
more
Parliaments and parliamentarians play a unique and powerful role in achieving health security preparedness through their various responsibilities: law-making, oversight, budgetary allocation, and citizen representation. High-level reviews of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the impor
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tance of state capacity, social trust, and leadership when it comes to health emergency preparedness. Parliaments and parliamentarians are extremely well positioned to support, build, and strengthen these three aspects.
more
There is widespread recognition of the growing threat of infectious disease epidemics and pandemics spreading across countries or continents—especially following the recent Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. Vulnerable groups (including children, older adults, ethnic minorities and other at-risk group
...
s) have disproportionately borne the brunt of significant health, social, and economic effects of these epidemics and pandemics, with varying degrees of support received depending on the context. While many argue that communities should or need to play a critical role in supporting and leading preparedness and response efforts, work still needs to be done to engage them effectively. In many instances, modes of engagement with communities—especially by state authorities–have come too late, often as an afterthought are not adequately thought through and have undermined public trust in and support for, disease prevention and control measures
more
International Journal of Integrated Care, 2025; 25(2): 5, 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.8920. Community-based intervention support plays a crucial role in enhancing
the lives of orphans and vulnerable children in Africa. Community-based intervention
support needs to be integrated into
...
a wider social service system. Further research
focusing on the cost of community-based intervention support and successful
programs for mainstreaming community-based intervention into a wider social
system is needed.
more
This training seeks to equip health workers who have contact with children in HIV settings with the knowledge and skills to better integrate violence against children (VAC) services into their work. It seeks to transmit information and skills to make them: feel comfortable talking with, providing se
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rvices and making appropriate referrals to children and their caregivers who are at risk of or experiencing violence.
This three-day training package includes ten modules to be delivered to groups of 25-30 health workers. The training is aimed at different cadres of health workers, including: nurses and midwives; clinicians; HIV counselors; medical social workers; pharmacists; community health workers, and others who are involved in children’s health care in health settings
more
PowerPoint slides for Integrating Violence Against Children Prevention and Response into HIV Service
Slides for use with the facilitator manual.
This three-day training package includes ten modules to be delivered to groups of 25-30 health workers. The training is aimed at different cadres of health workers, including: nurses and midwives; clinicians; HIV counselors; medical
...
social workers; pharmacists; community health workers, and others who are involved in children’s health care in health settings
more
This report describes efforts in nine countries, supported by the 2gether 4 SRHR programme and other partners, highlighting the results achieved and learning on improving the health and wellbeing of adolescent and young mothers and their families. Key insights include the importance of responsive se
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rvice delivery and social support as well as service provision across sectors.
more
Several top-tier universities offer HIV-related online courses on Coursera, many of which can be audited for free, aligning with open education principles. The courses cover clinical management, prevention, epidemiology, and the social aspects of th
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e AIDS epidemic
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A Toolkit on Positive Prevention for People Living with HIV. The stories contained in the Flipchart are of real people in Malawi living and affected by HIV/AIDS. Each story follows the theme for a particular session in the Guide. The questions related to each story are found within the Facilitator G
...
uide. Activities are also included for each thematic session. These resources were developed as part of the Malawi BRIDGE Project, and as part of the Positive Prevention campaign, which aimed at creating an HIV/AIDS prevention response that recognizes the needs and desires of PLHIVs by providing them with information to live healthy, and addressing the psycho-social well-being including family planning option
more
A Toolkit on Positive Prevention for People Living with HIV. The stories contained in the Flipchart are of real people in Malawi living and affected by HIV/AIDS. Each story follows the theme for a particular session in the Guide. The questions related to each story are found within the Facilitator G
...
uide. Activities are also included for each thematic session. These resources were developed as part of the Malawi BRIDGE Project, and as part of the Positive Prevention campaign, which aimed at creating an HIV/AIDS prevention response that recognizes the needs and desires of PLHIVs by providing them with information to live healthy, and addressing the psycho-social well-being including family planning option
more
Slavery on fishing vessels, degradation of ecosystems, overfishing, debt bondage, human trafficking and child labour in peeling sheds – the scandals surrounding the Thai fishery and shrimp industries have garnered international censure. Farmed and processed at the cost of extreme exploitation of b
...
oth people and the planet, Thai shrimp ends up on plates around the world. The former delicacy can now be bought cheaply everywhere. But how high is the price really? And who has to pay it?
This report by seeks to remind governments in the countries of production that it is their duty to enforce human rights and living wages, rather than to compete for the favour of large companies to the detriment of people and the environment. It also appeals to consumers and their governments – and to importers – to send a clear message to suppliers in Thailand and elsewhere: If you want to survive on the global market, you need to respect human rights and child rights, and uphold social and environmental standards.
more
