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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Operational Guidelines on Community Care Centres

National AIDSControl (NACO), Government of India; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2007) C1

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Look Back Study of Community-based Development Initiative project

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) (2015) C1

The Look Back Study (LBS) focuses on the water and sanitation and hygiene (WASH) component of the project but some additional information was collected along side the WASH data. This data has been compared to the baseline survey data that was reported at start of the project (see tables in annex D t... more

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International instruments on the use of antimicrobials across the human, animal and plant sectors

the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) C_WHO

The publication provides an overview and analysis of international instruments that set standards related to the use of antimicrobials across the human, animal and plant sectors, and their release into the environment. The purpose of the document is to identify existing instruments and standards in ... more

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Reducing the health and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) impacts of climate change: Setting the scene on health, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) response in a changing climate

IFRC; Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre (2021) CC

A new brief published by the IFRC and Climate Centre today details the adverse impacts of climate change on human health and provides more detail on the second of four pillars of action in the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement ambitions on climate.

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Peer support mental health services: promoting person-centred and rights-based approaches

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

The WHO Guidance on community mental health services: Promoting person-centred and rights-based approaches document is part of the WHO Guidance and technical packages on community mental health services set of publications. It provides a detailed description of person-centred and human rights-based ... more

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Guidelines on the Conservation of Medicinal Plants

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), World Health Organization (WHO) (1993) C_WHO

The aim of these Guidelines is to provide a framework for the conservation and sustainable use of plants in medicine. To do this, the Guidelines describe the various tasks that should be carried out to ensure that where medicinal plants are taken from the wild, they are taken on a basis that is sust... more

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Advocacy Campaign for the Rights of People with Disabilities: A Participatory Action Research within a Community-based Rehabilitation Project in Maharashtra, India

Jaiswal, A. & Gupta, S. Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ) (2016) CC

This paper aimed to demonstrate how participatory action research (PAR) within a Community-based Rehabilitation (CBR) project facilitated community participation to advocate for the rights of people with visual impairment. An advocacy campaign, led by the local people with and without disabilities, ... more

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How COVID-19 is changing the world. Vol.II

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2020) C_UNICEF

The pandemic presents tough choices for governments, local communities, health and school systems, as well as families and businesses: How to re-open safely? How to safeguard people’s lives and protect their livelihoods? Where to allocate scarce resources? How to protect those unable to protect th... more

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Reforms in the Health Sector in Ukraine. Revolutionizing care: Ukraine's sectoral approach to anti-corruption health

Steingrüber, S. World Bank (2022) C2

Following the 2014 Euromaidan Revolution, Ukraine embarked on a national reform program to reduce widespread corruption within government. In the health sector, the government introduced several complementary reforms that aimed to improve the health outcomes of Ukrainian citizens, but designed in su... more

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Best Practices in health care waste management
recommended

Health Care Without Harm Asia (2007) C1

Examples from four Philippine Hospitals

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Users’ Satisfaction with Prosthetic and Orthotic Assistive Devices in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a Cross-sectional Study

Jo Durham, Vanphanom Sychareun, Phonevilay Santisouk & Kongmany Chaleunvong Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ) (2016) CC

User satisfaction with assistive devices is a predictor of use and an important outcome measure. This study evaluated client satisfaction with prosthetic and orthotic assistive devices and services in three provinces in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Clients were quite satisfied with the as... more

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Will you lead? - A Guide to Grassroots Advocacy for Women Infected and Affected by HIV/AIDS

A. Yager; T. Welsh; Y. Tabi; et al. HIV law project (2010) C2

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Strategic Toolkit for Assessing Risks- A comprehensive toolkit for all-hazards health emergency risk assessment

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

The Strategic Tool for Assessing Risks (STAR) offers a comprehensive, easy-to-use toolkit and approach to enable national and subnational governments to rapidly conduct a strategic and evidence-based assessment of public health risks for planning and prioritization of health emergency preparedness a... more

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Polio Vaccine Security Framework

Global Polio Eradication Initiative GPEI (2025) CC

Long-term polio vaccine security – the timely, sustained, and uninterrupted supply of suitable types of affordable, quality-assured polio vaccines – is essential in the global effort to achieve and maintain a polio free world. However, fragmented approaches and short-term planning pose considera... more

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Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment: version with International Classification of Health Intervention (‎ICHI)‎ codes

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

In this version of the compendium, each guidance is coded using the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI). The compendium provides a systematic compilation of published guidance from WHO and other UN organizations on health and environment. Guidance on policies and actions a... more

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National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan (NDMS&IP) 2018-2023

Department of Disability and elderly affairs Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare (2019) CC

The NDMS&IP focuses on mainstreaming disability to promote equitable access to services in the six thematic areas of health, education, livelihoods, empowerment, and social inclusion and cross-cutting issues. The first part of the NDMS&IP outlines incongruences between national and sectoral policie... more

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Best Practices and Experience of Mauritius Preparedness and Response to COVID-19 Pandemic

World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office for Africa, Government of Mauritius (2021) C_WHO

his Inter Action Review report for the COVID-19 outbreak in Mauritius documents and assesses the country’s capacity to respond to the outbreak and identifies the best practices, strengths, gaps and challenges of the national response. Areas requiring improvements or sustained actions have been ide... more

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Executive Summary: Development of the human rights situation in Germany. July 2019 — June 2020

Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte (2020) CC

Institute for Human Rights annually submits a report on the development of the human rights situation in Germany to the German Federal Parliament (in accordance with sec. 2 para. 5 of the Act regarding the Legal Status and Mandate of the German Institute for Human Rights of 16 July 2015; short: DIMR... more

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Guidelines to reduce stigma Guide 2: How to assess health-related stigma?

ILEP International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations (2011)

Best Practices in health care waste management recommended

Best Practices in health care waste management
recommended