Lancet 2017; 390: 2437–60
The Lancet Global Health, June 11, 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30250-5
The study on single-dose cholera vaccine in Zambia evaluates the effectiveness of using a single dose of the oral cholera vaccine (OCV) during a 2016 outbreak in Lusaka. Due to limited vaccine supply, authorities opted for a one-dose emergency campaign instead of the usual two-dose regimen. A matche...d case-control study was conducted to assess vaccine effectiveness, showing 88.9% short-term protection against cholera. The findings suggest that a single-dose approach can be an effective strategy in outbreak settings, especially when vaccine supplies are constrained. However, further research is needed to determine long-term immunity and effectiveness in young children.
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The situation in the Gaza Strip is dire, with syndromic surveillance revealing high rates of infectious diseases. The risk of further spread may be exacerbated by several factors, including overcrowding, inadequate water and sanitation, disruption of routine healthcare services, and a dysfunctional ...health system due to the ongoing conflict.
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Health Economics Review, 2016 6:7 -Published: 11 February 2016
Spirometry is required as part of the comprehensive evaluation of both adult and paediatric individuals with suspected or confirmed respiratory diseases and occupational assessments. It is used in the categorisation of impairment, grading of severity, assessment of potential progression and response... to interventions. Guidelines for spirometry in South Africa are required to improve the quality, standardisation and usefulness in local respiratory practice. The broad principles of spirometry have remained largely unchanged from previous versions of the South African Spirometry Guidelines; however, minor adjustments have been incorporated from more comprehensive international guidelines, including adoption of the Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 (GLI 2012) spirometry reference equations for the South African population.
All equipment should have proof of validation regarding resolution and consistency of the system. Daily calibration must be performed, and equipment quality control processes adhered to. It is important to have standard operating procedures to ensure consistency and quality and, additionally, strict infection control as highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Adequate spirometry relies on a competent, trained operator, accurate equipment, standardised operating procedures, quality control and patient co-operation. All manoeuvres must be performed strictly according to guidelines, and strict quality assurance methods should be in place, including acceptability criteria (for any given effort) and repeatability (between efforts).
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Journal of the International AIDS Society Vol. 21 (2018) e25133
Many prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programmes across Africa initiate HIV-infected (HIV positive) pregnant women on lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the first day of antenatal care (“same-day” initiation...). However, there are concerns that same-day initiation may limit patient preparation before starting ART and contribute to subsequent non-adherence, disengagement from care and raised viral load. We examined if same-day initiation was associated with viral suppression and engagement in care during pregnancy.
The data suggest that same-day ART initiation during pregnancy is not associated with lower levels of engagement in care or viral suppression through 12 months post-delivery in this setting, providing reassurance to ART programmes implementing Option B+.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25133
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Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Feb 21. pii: S1473-3099(18)30757-6. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30757-6
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Ethiopia faces unprecedented public health risks with over 17.4 million people in need of health assistance due to a compounded security, epidemiological, environmental and socio-economic hardships throughout the country. Specifically, the prolonged drought and localized conflicts have negatively im...pacted public health systems, whose access has become severely hindered because of physical constraints, infrastructure, equipment damages, lack of available healthcare workforce and negative coping mechanisms resulting from livelihoods deterioration. Whereas the World Health Organization (WHO) assistance has been critical to coordinate humanitarian efforts in affected areas, additional efforts are required in the coming months to address ongoing epidemic outbreaks and support the recovery process in conflict-affected areas (Afar, Amhara, Tigray and Gambelia) that are now accessible.
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The New England Journal of Medicine, 378;2
Microorganisms . 2022 Jul 14;10(7):1427.
Chagas disease (CD) is endemic in about 21 countries of the Americas. The disease has spread to recently Chagas-free regions, mainly due to migration, and can now also be diagnosed in countries such as the USA, Canada, many European and some African, eastern... Mediterranean and western Pacific countries. About 6 million people are infected and 70 million live with a daily risk of infection. Although many efforts have been made to control the disease, and some improvements were achieved, still, less than about 1% of the infected have access to diagnosis and treatment. This causes high morbidity and mortality rates with more than 12,000 deaths per year
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У цьому короткому огляді представлені перспективи збереження рівня охоплення українських учнів і студентів освітніми послугами та вирішення проблеми накопиченн...я прогалин у навчанні.
Переміщення учнів й студентів та викладачів. Внаслідок війни в Україні понад 6 мільйонів українців були змушені тікати до сусідніх країн. Серед них майже 665 000 студентів (16% від загального числа
зареєстрованих учнів і студентів) і більше 25 000 викладачів (6% від загального числа викладачів в країні).
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