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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

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Youth act for safe abortion: A training guide for future health professionals

Börjesson, E., Pedersen, K., & Villa Torres, L. Ipas (2014)

This guide is a resource for future health professionals who want to learn about and engage in abortion issues. Abortion is a critical but often neglected area of women’s rights, women’s health and health science education. The guide ences students was developed for health sciences students -inc... more

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Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response

M. Ballard, Bancroft E., Nesbit J., et al. BMJ Global Health (2020) CC

COVID-19 disproportionately affects the poor and vulnerable. Community health workers are poised to play a pivotal role in fighting the pandemic, especially in countries with less resilient health systems. Drawing from practitioner expertise across four WHO regions, this article outlines the targete... more

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AMR Fact Sheet for Health Professionals

Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network (2015) C1

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Kenya Health Sector Referral Strategy (2014– 2018)

Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health, Division of Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (2014) C1

The overall goal of the Kenya Health Sector Referral Strategy is to improve client access to referral. The objectives of the strategy are to realise improved capacity of health providers to identify clients who require referral, develop protocols that will lead to referral system efficiency and effe... more

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The Senegal urban reproductive health initiative: a longitudinal program impact evaluation

A. Benson; L. Calhoun; M. Corroon; et al. Elsevier (2018) CC

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Essential Package of Health Services

Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia (2011) C1

Primary Care: The Community Health System

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Senegal private health sector assessment: Selected health products and services

Brunner B., J. Barnes, A. Carmona et. al. United States Agency for International Development (2016) C2

SHOPS and HIA finalized a scope of work with USAID Senegal in April 2015, and a team of five private sector experts conducted the onsite assessments between May and June 2015. The Private Sector Assessment (PSA) team worked closely with Senegalese key stakeholders throughout the process. The PSA tea... more

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Engaging private health care providers in TB care and prevention: a landscape analysis

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

The purpose of the landscape analysis is ultimately to facilitate improved engagement of private providers, thereby contributing to universal access to quality and affordable TB care and the end of the TB epidemic. It focuses on the role of private for-profit providers and on specific challenges and... more

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Cascade Data Use Manual to Identify Gaps in HIV and Health Services for Programme Improvement

World Health Organization (Europe) World Health Organization (Europe) (2018) C_WHO

Use Manual June 2018

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Continuing essential sexual, reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child and adolescent health services during the COVID-19 pandemic

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia; UNICEF; UNFPA (2020) CC

Practical considerations It provides more detailed and practical guidance for continuing services for each life stage across the life-course continuum. As such, both documents should be read and used together. The countries in South-East Asia and the Pacific regions would like to adapt the guidance... more

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Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Toolkit for Humanitarian Settings

UNFPA, Save the Children USA (2009)

This Toolkit is intended to guide humanitarian programme managers and healthcare providers to ensure that sexual and reproductive health interventions put into place both during and after a crisis are responsive to the unique needs of adolescents.

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Influence of Service Readiness on Use of Facility Delivery Care: A Study Linking Health Facility Data and Population Data in Haiti

Wang, Wenjuan, Michelle Winner, Clara Burgert, and Josh Colston ICF International (2014) C2

DHS Working Papers No. 114

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Provider Counseling and Knowledge Transfer in Health Facilities of Haiti, Malawi, and Senegal

Assaf, Shireen, Wenjuan Wang, and Lindsay Mallick ICF International (2016) C2

DHS Analytical Studies No. 60

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Analysing and using routine data to monitor the effects of COVID-19 on essential health services: practical guide for national and subnational decision-makers

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

14 January 2021 This practical guide can be used to help countries monitor and analyse the impact of COVID-19 on essential health services to inform planning and decision-making. It provides practical recommendations on how to use key performance indicators to analyse changes in access to and deliv... more

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Our Right to Health, Our Right to Clean Air - Improving air quality to address NCDs

NCD Alliance; Forum of International Respiratory Societies (2019) CC

This policy brief explores the impact of air pollution on health and address the air quality issue in the response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It also provides key actions that policy makers, NGOs and health professionals can take to ensure that every one can breathe clean air.

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A strategic approach to reproductive, maternal, newborn,child and adolescent health (RMNCH+A ) in India

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India (2013) C1

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Consolidated strategic information guidelines for HIV in the health sector

World Health Organization (2020) C_WHO

These guidelines – an update to the World Health Organization’s 2015 publication Consolidated strategic information guidelines – present a set of essential aggregate indicators and guidance on choosing, collecting and systematically analysing strategic information to manage and monitor the nat... more

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Rwanda Health Facility Assessment Core Questionnaire

USAID; Maternal and Child Survival Program (2014) CC

Service Availability and Readiness Assessment Tool

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Uganda: The National Policy Guidelines and Service Standards for Reproductive Health Services

Reproductive Health Division Community Health Department Ministry of Health Uganda (2002)