In many countries neonatal tetanus is responsible for half of all neonatal deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases and for almost 14% of al¡ infant deaths. It is estimated that in the 1970s more than 10,000 newborns died annually from neonatal tetanus in the Americas. Neonatal tetanus is prevent...ed by immunization and/or assuring clean delivery and post-delivery practices.
more
A manual for physicians and other senior health workers. This fourth revision of the manual reflects recent clinical experience and research findings in diarrhoea case management. Compared to earlier versions, it includes revised guidelines on the management of children with acute diarrhoea using th...e new reduced (low) osmolarity ORS formulation and using zinc supplements, which have been shown to reduce duration and severity of diarrhoeal episodes, and revised guidelines for the management of bloody diarrhoea. Guidelines in the manual are based on the revised WHO chart that are included at the end of this document.
more
This manual was developed based on the recommendations of a global technical consultation on child health in humanitarian emergencies co-organized by WHO and UNICEF at the end of 2003. WHO in collaboration with the Centre for Refugee and Disaster Response, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Ho...pkins University undertook a systematic review in 2004. It demonstrated that existing guidelines, including The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), do not cover all priority conditions in emergencies. The objective of this manual is to provide comprehensive guidance on child care in emergencies.
more
Oxfam Water Supply Scheme for Emergencies. This manual is part of a series of guides devised by the Oxfam Public Health Engineering Team to help provide a reliable water supply for populations affected by conflict or natural disaster. Wherever possible, water supplies in emergency conditions should ...be obtained from underground sources by exploitation of springs, tubewells, or dug wells. No filtration will then be needed. However, if sources are not available or cannot be developed, the use of surface water from streams, rivers, lakes or ponds becomes necessary. Usually these surface sources are polluted. The level of faecal contamination can be measured by use of the Oxfam/Delagua Water Test Kit (see Section C). Where a serious level of faecal pollution exists, it is essential firstly to try to reduce the cause of contamination, and secondly to treat the water to make it suitable for human consumption. The Filtration equipment provides a simple, long-term physical and biological treatment system that requires no chemicals (except small amounts of chlorine required during filter cleaning) and needs only simple regular maintenance
more
This manual is part of a series of guides devised by the Oxfam Public Health Engineering Team to help provide a reliable water supply for populations affected by conflict or natural disaster. Storage tanks are required for collection of water from springs or water produced from continuous flow water... treatment systems, e.g. from upflow clarifiers or slow sand filters. There should be sufficient storage volume to store all water produced overnight, as this is unlikely to be collected by users during the night. Storage tanks also have secondary functions such as ensuring a constant water supply to treatment processes, providing a level of treatment by settlement of larger suspended solids and maintaining pressure in distribution systems
more
A guide for developing a hygiene promotion program to increase handwashing with soap
The Sierra Leone National Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines were jointly developed and updated by the Ministry of Health and Sanitation in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
This twelfth version of the WHO living guideline now contains 19 recommendations. This latest update provides updated recommendations for remdesivir, addresses the use of combination therapy with corticosteroids, interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blockers and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in patients wi...th severe or critical COVID-19, and modifies previous recommendations for the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies sotrovimab and casirivimab-imdevimab in patients with non-severe COVID-19.
more
This Key Indicators report presents selected findings of the 2019 EMDHS. A comprehensive analysis of the data will be publishedin a final report in 2019.T he primary objective of the 2019 EMDHS project is to provide up-to-date estimates of key demographic and health indicators.
Interim Guidance October 2022. This addendum addresses some of the methodological aspects of VE evaluations that have been learned during the past year, as well as those that have become relevant in the current epidemiological setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. For some of the COVID-19 vaccine method...ology issues there are still insufficient data to make a recommendation, in which case different options for approaching VE evaluations are presented.
more
The standards for the care of small and sick newborns in health facilities define, standardize and mainstream inpatient care of small and sick newborns, building on essential newborn care and ensuring consistency with the WHO quality of care framework. The standards will guide countries in caring fo...r this vulnerable population and support the quality of care of newborns in the context of universal health coverage. They will provide a resource for policy-makers, health care professionals, health service planners, programme managers, regulators, professional bodies and technical partners involved in care
more
The purpose of this publication is to to provide a practical, stepwise approach to the implementation of the national action plans on AMR within the human health sector; and to provide a process and collation of existing WHO tools to prioritize, cost, implement, monitor and evaluate national action ...plan activities. The target audience of the publication are national/subnational stakeholders working on AMR within the human health sector. This includes national health authorities, national multi-sectoral coordination groups, senior technical experts and policymakers involved in implementing AMR activities at all levels of the health system, and implementation partners to accelerate sustainable implementation and monitoring and evaluation of national action plans on AMR.
more
El VIH/sida, desconocido 30 años atrás, se ha constituido en un problema de salud
mundial de una magnitud sin precedentes, considerándose que aproximadamente 25 millones de personas han fallecido en todo el mundo a causa del VIH.
De acuerdo al informe de ONUSIDA sobre la Epidemia Mundial de sida 2008, se
estima que en el año 2007, 370.000 niños menores de 15 años se infectaron con el
VIH. A nivel mundial, el número de niños menores de 15 años que viven con el VIH
aumentó de 1,6 millones en 2001 a 2 millones en 2...007.
Los efectos de la epidemia entre los niños pequeños son graves y de largo alcance. El sida amenaza con causar un retroceso en los años de progreso constante y en la supervivencia de los niños; ha duplicado la mortalidad infantil en los países más afectados por esta epidemia.
more
Las personas infectadas por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) tienen
29 veces más probabilidades de enfermar de tuberculosis (TB) que las personas
sin VIH que viven en el mismo país. La TB es una de las principales causas de muerte entre las personas infectadas por el VIH: provoca ...la quinta parte de las muertes de personas con VIH en todo el mundo. En 2013, una de cada cuatro muertes por TB en todo el mundo estuvo relacionada con el VIH. Desde 2004, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda el conjunto de intervenciones denominadas «actividades de colaboración TB/VIH». Se han realizado avances significativos en la aplicación a nivel mundial de este conjunto de intervenciones, que permitieron salvar aproximadamente 1,3 millones de vidas entre 2005 y 2011.
more
El Plan Estratégico Institucional 2016-2020 del Ministerio de Salud (PEI) es el instrumento de planificación que orienta el accionar del Ministerio de Salud en el marco de los mandatos y paradigmas de desarrollo establecidos en la Constitución Política del Estado Plurinacional (CPE), el Plan de ...Desarrollo Económico y Social 2016-2020 (PDES), la política sanitaria familiar comunitaria intercultural SAFCI, el Plan Sectorial de Desarrollo Integral para Vivir Bien 2016-2020 (PSDI) y las atribuciones institucionales señaladas en las leyes del Estado Plurinacional.
more
El Programa Nacional de Chagas ha definido la utilización de dos medicamentos para el tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Chagas Crónico Reciente Infantil (en niños de 9 meses a menor de 15 años); el benznidazol (BNZ) que será utilizado como medicamento de primera elección en todos los casos con d...iagnóstico serológico positivo confirmado y el nifurtimox (NFT) que será utilizado como segunda alternativa en aquellos casos que hubieran presentado reacciones adversas graves al benznidazol, e indiquen un cambio de conducta.
more
Lancet Planet Health 2022;6: e760–68
The emergence of COVID-19 has drawn the attention of health researchers sharply back to the role that food systems can play in generating human disease burden. But emerging pandemic threats are just one dimension of the complex relationship between agriculture... and infectious disease, which is evolving rapidly, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) that are undergoing rapid food system transformation. This changing relationship is examined through four current disease issues.
more
This policy brief aims to provide a review of the current progress on implementing the Malawi national action plan on AMR, identifies critical gaps, and highlights findings to accelerate further progress in the human health sector. The target audience includes all those concerned with implementing a...ctions to combat antimicrobial resistance in Malawi.
more