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1
Stigma and discrimination related to mental health conditions are widespread and harmful. Reducing stigma and discrimination can benefit families, societies and economies – it can save lives. The toolkit offers practical guidance on how to achieve
...
this, based on three core evidence-based principles: leadership or co-leadership by people with lived experience, social contact, and inclusive partnerships. These 3 principles can be realized using a four-step process: identify and define aims, plan and prepare, launch and learn and reflect and proceed. Twelve case studies from all across the world are provided to demystify the process. Stigma and discrimination can be ended if each of us acts as one using the principles in this toolkit.
more
In Sierra Leone, Health care delivery is organized around a three-tier system i) primary level constituting peripheral health units (community health
...
centers, community health posts, and maternal and child health posts secondary level constituting district hospitals tertiary level comprising regional and national referral hospitals [Figure 3].
more
Lessons learned from recent public health events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Ebola virus disease, Zika virus disease outbreaks, and other public health threats, including earthquakes and floods,
...
have highlighted the need for countries to continuously develop, strengthen, and maintain capacities required under the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR (2005)).
Developing capacities for health security in a country requires the engagement of public and private entities across a broad range of sectors, including human and animal health, agriculture, environment, finance, security, emergency management, education, and transportation. The World Health Organization (WHO) is mandated through various resolutions, decisions, and reports of the World Health Assembly, and through the IHR (2005), to provide technical guidance and support to its Member States in developing, strengthening, and maintaining their health systems, including capacities required under the IHR (2005).
For countries to better prevent, prepare for, detect, notify, respond to, and recover from public health emergencies, they must build and maintain IHR core capacities and support the strengthening of health emergency prevention, preparedness, response, and resilience (HEPR) capacities. National Action Plans for Health Security (NAPHS), as capacity development plans, provide the tasks and resources needed to ensure adequate capacities are in place to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from public health events in a sustainable manner. Investing in the resilience of these capacities within national health systems at national and local levels not only improves national health security but also helps safeguard economic, social, and political developments.
more
These guidelines promote the delivery of people-centred health services for STIs by providing evidence-based recommendations related to decentralization, integration, task sharing and digital health
...
. These recommendations complement existing WHO guidelines for STI testing, treatment and management, and other service delivery interventions, such as self-care interventions. All the recommendations will be incorporated into the forthcoming WHO consolidated guidelines on STI prevention and care.
more
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases) and mental health conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders) are
...
the world’s leading cause of preventable illness, disability, and death. This report examines the dangers posed by current and rising rates of noncommunicable diseases and mental health conditions (NMHs) in South America, beyond their health risks, by demonstrating their considerable negative impact on economic growth. An analytical model was developed that projects the macroeconomic effects of NMHs over the period 2020–2050 in ten South American countries: Argentina, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The results showed that the macroeconomic impact of NMHs in South America indicates significant economic shortfalls resulting from NMHs. Overall, the total GDP loss due to NMHs in South America amounts to USD 7.3 trillion (2022 international USD) over the period 2020–2050
more
WHO, as the coordinating authority on international health, supports countries in protecting public health through evidence-based policies and actions. Considering the significant
...
health burden and the multiple potential benefits of interventions, the WHO Air Quality, Energy and Health Unit aims to support countries by providing evidence, building institutional capacity and leveraging the “health argument” to convene sectors to tackle air pollution and accelerate energy access.
more
The health impacts of climate change are no longer a distant threat. They are being felt here and now and becoming more extreme.
To address these threats, the WHO Asia-Pacific Centre for Environment and
...
Health in the Western Pacific Region (ACE) was established in 2019 through a partnership with the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment of the Republic of Korea and the World Health Organization (WHO).
The Centre’s mission is to strengthen cooperation and drive action where environment and health meet. This focus on environmental health has created a strong foundation for system-wide change.
This strategic plan builds directly on that work. Over the next five years, the Centre will expand its reach, supporting countries to take practical, systems-based action that ensures healthier people, healthier environments and a healthier planet.
more
PHSM are vital in reducing the risk and scale of infectious disease transmission and lowering hospitalization and deaths. Examples include contact tracing, quarantine and isolation, mask use, ventilation, school or workplace measures, mobility restrictions and travel requirements.
While these mea
...
sures are essential, decision-making on PHSM becomes particularly complex during rapidly evolving health emergencies, with incomplete information and under significant public and political pressure, especially when the pathogen is novel or poorly understood. In such contexts, guidance needs to be agile and responsive, developed and adapted based on emerging evidence and shifting epidemiological patterns. Decision-makers are frequently confronted with difficult trade-offs, having to balance measures that are:
─ effective but socially disruptive;
─ cost-effective but logistically burdensome;
─ beneficial for public health but economically disruptive; or
─ practical but inequitable or unethical
more
This Toolkit for ensuring rights-based and ethical use of digital technologies in HIV and health programmes is derived from the comprehensive UNDP Guidance on the rights-based and ethical use of digital technologies in HIV and
...
health programmes document. The foundational UNDP Guidance document outlines key ethical, human rights and technical considerations for countries adopting digital technologies for health, detailing human rights risks, norms and standards, and provides a practical checklist for assessment.
The Toolkit serves as a quick reference guide for UNDP staff, governments, partners, technology developers, and civil society organizations, designed to provide practical guidance for implementing ethical digital health solutions by distilling and structuring the in-depth information from the broader UNDP Guidance into six easy-access modules. Each module addresses a specific key issue by outlining definitions, ethical principles, key considerations, and recommendations that align with the comprehensive framework established by the UNDP Guidance.
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This document aims to provide public health authorities in European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries with guidance for improved preparedness planning taking the lessons that have been identified through various activities in the c
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ontext of recent public health crises (e.g. COVID-19 pandemic, mpox multi-country outbreak 2022–23) and translating them to concrete advice. This document, together with the ECDC recommendations on the implementation of public health and social measures (PHSMs) for health emergencies and pandemics published in 2024, form a package of concrete recommendations for preparedness planning for the EU/EEA countries. Lessons learned primarily from the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but also from the response to the multicountry mpox outbreak in 2022–23, were collected through various activities from Member States, the European Commission, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the WHO Regional Office from Europe. We have then presented these in the form of specific recommendations for planners within each phase of the continuous cycle of preparedness (Anticipation, Response and Recovery), following a prototype structure of a preparedness and response plan. In each section, we have presented a relevant example from a Member State or international organisation to illustrate their practice or attempt to implement lessons after COVID-19 or the mpox outbreak. These examples were identified either through literature review or communication with representatives of the countries within ECDC’s network for Preparedness and Response.
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The Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management
Chan E.Y.Y., Huang Z., Hung K.K.C. et al
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNDRR
(2022)
CC
An emerging framework for achieving synergies among the Sendai Framework, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the New Urban Agenda and the Paris Agreement. This paper discusses the potential of the Health Emergency and Disaster Risk M
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anagement (Health-EDRM) Framework in promoting synergies in pursing risk- resilient sustainable development pathways via conceptual analysis of the key roles of health and Health-EDRM in the major international risk-resilient and sustainable development agendas of the Sendai Framework, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the New Urban Agenda and the Paris Agreement. It first analyses the Health-EDRM Framework, which is a comprehensive, systematic, cross-sectoral, and interdisciplinary endeavour of the World Health Organization and its health and non- health partners. The four key international risk-resilient and sustainable development agendas are then analysed in detail to explore how they can be interlinked and synergised under the Health-EDRM Framework.
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The document provides guidance from the CDC on conducting an Operational Readiness Review (ORR) within the Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) cooperative agreement. It outlines the purpose, structure, and evaluation criteria used to assess
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whether public health systems are prepared to respond effectively to emergencies. The guidance describes required capabilities, review processes, and documentation expectations, helping jurisdictions demonstrate their readiness and identify areas for improvement in emergency preparedness and response.
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The World report on promoting the health of refugees and migrants: Monitoring progress on the WHO global action plan provides the first global baseline for assessing implementation of the 2019-2030 WHO Global Action Plan on Promoting the
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Health of Refugees and Migrants (GAP). Building on the 2022 World report on the health of refugees and migrants, it examines how countries are integrating refugee and migrant health into broader public health, migration governance, development, and universal health coverage (UHC) agendas.
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The GHEC framework is designed to provide guiding principles for standardizing health emergency workforce structures to strengthen the capacity of countries in responding to health emergencies, and
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to enhance collaboration between countries by better connecting regional and global surge response mechanisms, facilitating information exchange, and improving access to expertise and human response capacity at times of need.
This is the first version of the GHEC framework and is intended to be updated as experience is gained with its implementation and adaptation.
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This guidance addresses one type of generative AI, large multi-modal models (LMMs), which can accept one or more type of data input and generate diverse outputs that are not limited to the type of data fed into the algorithm. It has been predicted that LMMs will have wide use and application in
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health care, scientific research, public health and drug development. LMMs are also known as “general-purpose foundation models”, although it is not yet proven whether LMMs can accomplish a wide range of tasks and purposes.
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This field study to assess the pharmaceutical situation was undertaken in Ghana in May-June 2008 using a standardized methodology developed by the World Health Organization. The study assessed medicines availability and affor
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dability, geographical accessibility, quality and rational use among other issues. The survey was conducted in six regions. In each region, 6 public health care facilities, 12 private pharmacies and 1 warehouse were surveyed.
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