These consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services (HTS) bring together existing and new guidance on HTS across different settings and populations.
The World Health Organization (WHO) first released consolidated guidelines on HTS in 2015, in response to requests from Member States, national pr...ogramme managers and health workers for support to achieve the United Nations (UN) 90–90–90 global HIV targets – and specifically the first target of diagnosing 90% of all people with HIV. In 2016, based on new evidence, WHO released a supplement to address important new HIV testing approaches – HIV self-testing (HIVST) and provider-assisted referral.
Since the release of 2015 and 2016 HTS guidelines, new issues and more evidence have emerged. To address this, WHO has updated guidance on HIV testing services. In this guideline, WHO updates recommendation on HIVST and provides new recommendations on social network-based HIV testing approaches and western blotting (see box, next page). This guideline seeks to provide support to Member States, programme managers, health workers and other stakeholders seeking to achieve national and international goals to end the HIV epidemic as a public health threat by 2030.
These guidelines also provide operational guidance on HTS demand creation and messaging; implementation considerations for priority populations; HIV testing strategies for diagnosis HIV; optimizing the use of dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests; and considerations for strategic planning and rationalizing resources such as optimal time points for maternal retesting
more
This field study to measure access to and use of medicines was undertaken in GHANA in May-June 2008. The study assessed information on the socio-economic level of households, and access to and use of medicines for acute and chronic conditions as well as opinions and perceptio...ns about medicines. The survey was conducted in six regions. In each region, six reference public heath care facilities were selected among those participating in the Level II Facility Survey that was carried out in parallel. Within defined distances from each reference public health care facility, households were selected by purposive cluster sampling. A total of 1065 household respondents were interviewed by means of a structured paper questionnaire
more
PAHO has systematically identified and collected basic information on all investigations related to Zika, both those already published and those on track to be published.
Each study has been categorized in the areas of virus, vectors and reservoirs; epidemiology; disease pathogenesis and consequen...ces of Zika infection; clinical management; public health interventions; health systems and services response; research and product development; and causality. You can also search by publication type: published articles, protocol and publication of preliminary results.
more
This document is written for medical doctors, clinical officers, medical assistants, nurses, midwives, health surveillance assistants (HSAs), and medical records clerks who are working in public and private sector health facilities in Malawi. It is designed to be a practical guide for implementation... of integrated HIV services.
more
These are integrated National Guidelines 2013 for Prevention and Management of HIV, STIs & Other Blood Borne Infections in accordance with the last guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) published in June 2013 and adapted to the Rwandan national context. It thus responds to the need by th...e Ministry of Health to improve skills of actors in the health sector as well as the quality of care and treatment offered in both public and private health facilities countrywide.
more
This report is primarily intended for the community of policymakers and researchers concerned about the rising risks of domestic, regional, and global infectious disease epidemics, and the collective failure to take the coordinated actions required to reduce such risks. These risks include the expec...ted health, economic, and societal costs that are borne by countries, regions, and even all nations in the case of pandemics (which are worldwide epidemics). These risks also include the consequences of increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its spread within regions and globally. A necessary first step is to monitor whether a broad range of stakeholders are acting to prevent outbreaks from becoming epidemics, whether their capacities to respond to epidemics are robust, and whether preparedness to respond to pandemics and limit the resulting economic and health damage is improving. Analyzing the adequacy of these efforts is vitally important for the decisions of policymakers to invest in the public health and disaster-risk management capacities. Early and effective control of disease outbreaks prevents substantial health and economic costs whether or not the disease can spread globally and become a pandemic.
more
In 2014, the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Malawi conducted a nationwide assessment of emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) services. This cross-sectional facility-based survey used 10 data collection modules. Data collection began on 23rd September 2014 and concluded on 17th October 2014, in ...all 28 districts. Facilities in both the public and private sector (for-profit and not-for-profit) were included. Since the focus of the assessment was obstetric and newborn care, health facilities that did not offer maternal and newborn health (MNH) services were not selected. In all districts, a census of all hospitals and a 60 percent random sample of health centres that ought to have performed deliveries in the previous year yielded a total of 365 facilities: 87 hospitals and 278 health centres. All these facilities were visited during the assessment. During analysis, weighting procedures were applied to extrapolate results to the district and national level, representing all 87 hospitals and 464 health centres. Such weighting was necessary as a stratified random sample of health centres was taken and weighting applied to all indicators and presentations that have health facility as a unit of measurement. Case reviews and provider’s interviews, on the other hand, are not weighted as their sampling strategy is based on convenience.
more
Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Schools. Arabic Version
The purpose of this document is to provide clear and actionable guidance for safe operations through the prevention, early detection and control of COVID-19 in schools and other educational facilities. The guidance, while speci...fic to countries that have already confirmed the transmission of COVID-19, is relevant in all other contexts. Education can encourage students to become advocates for disease prevention and control at home, in school and in their community by talking to others about how to prevent the spread of viruses. Maintaining safe school operations or reopening schools after a closure requires many considerations but, if done well, can promote public health
more
Este documento dá orientações sobre o uso de máscaras na comunidade durante a assistência domiciliar e em serviços de saúde em regiões que têm relatado casos de COVID-19. É dirigido a indivíduos na comunidade, profissionais de saúde pública e de prevenção e controle de infecção (PCI...), administradores da saúde, profissionais de saúde e trabalhadores da saúde comunitária. O documento será revisado à medida que mais dados se tornarem disponíveis.
more
Este documento apresenta uma orientação provisória sobre a gestão do fornecimento de sangue em resposta à pandemia da doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19). É dirigido a serviços de hemoterapia, autoridades nacionais de saúde, e outros responsáveis pelo fornecimento de sangue e ...hemoderivados e pela integração do sistema de bancos de sangue com o sistema de saúde pública. A OMS continuará atualizando este documento conforme forem disponibilizadas novas informações.
more
Esta orientação provisória é para todos, inclusive os administradores de instituições de saúde e necrotérios, autoridades religiosas e de saúde pública, e familiares que tenham que cuidar do corpo de pessoas que morreram com suspeita ouconfirmação de COVID-19.Estas recomendações estão... sujeitas à revisão conforme novas evidências forem disponibilizadas.
more
Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) classificou como uma pandemia o surto da doença causada por um novo coronavírus, a COVID-19, devido à velocidade e escala de sua transmissão. A OMS e as autoridades de saúde pública de todo o mundo estão tomando medidas para conter o ...surto da COVID-19. Certas populações, como as pessoas com deficiência, podem ser mais afetadas pela COVID-19. Esse impacto pode ser mitigado se os principais atores envolvidos tomarem ações e medidas de proteção simples.
more
As medidas não farmacêuticas incluem medidas de proteção pessoal, medidas ambientais, medidas de distanciamento social e medidas relacionadas com as viagens. Estas considerações detalham a implementação de medidas de distanciamento social e medidas relacionadas com as viagens (doravante deno...minadas “medidas”) descritas nos documentos de orientação provisórios da OMS Ações críticas de preparação, prontidão e resposta à COVID-19, Respondendo à propagação comunitária da COVID-19, e leva em conta o documento da OMS Medidas não farmacêuticas de saúde pública para mitigar o risco e o impacto da influenza epidêmica e pandêmica. No momento de redação deste documento, os países e territórios da Região das Américas experimentam, de modo geral, o mesmo cenário de transmissão. As considerações que estão sendo oferecidas encontram-se sujeitas a revisão à medida que a pandemia evoluir e houver mais informação disponível.
more
El presente documento contiene directrices provisionales sobre la utilización de mascarillas en comunidades que han notificado la aparición de brotes causados por el nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Está dirigido a profesionales, coordinadores sanitarios, trabajadores sanitarios y... agentes de salud comunitaria que trabajen en la prevención y el tratamiento de las infecciones o en la esfera de la salud pública. El texto se irá revisando a medida que se disponga de más datos.
more
NHỮNG CÂN NHẮC VÀ KHUYẾN NGHỊ THIẾT THỰC CHO CÁC NHÀ LÃNH ĐẠO TÔN GIÁO VÀ CỘNG ĐỒNG TÔN GIÁO TRONG BỐI CẢNH COVID-19
Practical considerations and recommendations for religious leaders and faith-based communities in the context of COVID-19
Religious leaders, faith...-based organizations, and faith communities can play a major role in saving lives and reducing illness related to COVID-19.1 They are a primary source of support, comfort, guidance, and direct health care and social service, for the communities they serve. Religious leaders of faith-based organizations and communities of faith can share health information to protect their own members and wider communities, which may be more likely to be accepted than from other sources. They can provide pastoral and spiritual support during public health emergencies and other health challenges and can advocate for the needs of vulnerable populations.
more
1 marco 2021. As orientações deste documento visam, principalmente, equipar o pessoal da saúde com ferramentas que lhes permitam aumentar a eficiência da comunicação com a população geral e aumentar, manter ou recuperar a confiança do público nas vacinas e nos programa de imunização na R...egião das Américas.
more
La OPS, dentro de su empeño constante por apoyar a los países de las Américas, publica el presente documento con ánimo de facilitar la elaboración de una estrategia de comunicación de riesgos y participación comunitaria para la vacunación contra la COVID-19. Su finalidad es contribuir a fort...alecer las capacidades y la planificación de la comunicación de los ministerios o secretarías de salud, así como de otros organismos encargados de comunicar en el área de las nuevas vacunas contra la COVID-19 en las Américas.
Available in English, Spanish and Portuguese
more
La Región de las Américas constituye un territorio extremadamente rico desde el punto de vista de la diversidad cultural, en la cual se presentan una variedad de desafíos relacionados con el reconocimiento y el respeto de los derechos humanos de los miembros de los pueblos indígenas, los afrodes...cendientes, los romaníes, así como de otros grupos étnicos. A lo largo del curso de la vida, estas personas experimentan discriminación estructural y poca representatividad e inclusión en los procesos de toma de decisiones, lo cual dificulta su acceso a los servicios de salud, afecta la calidad de la atención que reciben y tiene un efecto general en sus condiciones de vida. Por tanto, la protección y la promoción de su salud y seguridad socioeconómica es una cuestión no solo de política pública, sino también de protección y ejercicio de los derechos humanos. En esta publicación se presentan los instrumentos internacionales y regionales de derechos humanos y los sistemas de protección de esos derechos instaurados por las Naciones Unidas y el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, así como medidas para hacerlos efectivos, con especial hincapié en el derecho a la salud, al medio ambiente sano y otros derechos relacionados con el cuidado del planeta.
more
La presente edición de “La práctica de la enfermería oncológica pediátrica en América Latina y el Caribe” fue redactada por Regina Aparecida García de Lima (enfermera titulada, enfermera pediátrica certificada, Doctora en Enfermería), Profesora Titular
del Departamento de Enfermería M...aternoinfantil y Salud Pública de la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto de la Universidad de São Paulo (Centro Colaborador de la Organización Mundial de la Salud/Organización Panamericana de la Salud para
el Desarrollo de la Investigación en Enfermería), con la colaboración de Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior (enfermero titulado, enfermero oncológico certificado, Doctor en Ciencias), Profesor Adjunto del Departamento de Enfermería del Centro de Ciencias
de la Salud de la Universidad Federal de Espírito Santo, y Edmara Bazoni Soares Maia (enfermera titulada, enfermera pediátrica certificada, Doctora en Enfermería),Profesora Afiliada del Departamento de Enfermería Pediátrica de la Escuela Paulista
de Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo. La doctora Regina Aparecida García de Lima también estuvo a cargo de la sistematización de las sugerencias aportadas al documento.
more
Un suivi et une évaluation efficaces sont nécessaires pour atteindre l’objectif d’élimination de la filariose lymphatique (FL). Après le traitement médicamenteux de masse (TMM) conformément aux lignes directrices élaborées par l’OMS, des programmes doivent être mis en œuvre afin de d...éterminer si les interventions ont permis de réduire la prévalence de l’infestation à un niveau en deçà duquel sa transmission ne pourra vraisemblablement pas perdurer. L’enquête d’évaluation
de la transmission (TAS) a été conçue de manière à offrir une structure simple et robuste afin de déterminer si la prévalence de la filariose lymphatique chez des enfants de 6–7 ans est inférieure à un seuil préalablement déterminé. Le TAS fournit aux administrateurs de programmes les informations factuelles nécessaires pour décider de l’opportunité d’arrêter le TMM. Le TAS garantit aux pouvoirs publics que les programmes nationaux ont atteint leur objectif d’élimination de la FL.
Ce guide a été conçu pour enseigner aux membres du personnel des programmes nationaux d’élimination de la FL, notamment le personnel de santé aux niveaux régional et de district, les éléments essentiels des programmes nationaux de suivi et d’évaluation pour l’élimination de la FL. Le guide est axé sur la planification et la mise en œuvre du TAS afin de pouvoir décider de l’opportunité
d’interrompre le TMM et de commencer la surveillance post-TMM.
more