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African Union AMR Landmark Report: Voicing African Priorities on the Active Pandemic

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a leading cause of death in the African region, surpassing fatalities from malaria, HIV, and TB. In response to this critical threat, the region has adopted the AMR Global Action Plan and the African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2...020 – 2025, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of African nations through a coordinated approach. While most countries in the region have developed and prioritized National Action Plans (NAPs) to tackle AMR, the overall response remains inadequate given the magnitude of the threat, which endangers human, animal, environmental, aquatic, and plant health. Africa bears a significant burden of infectious diseases, accounting for approximately 95% of malaria deaths, 70% of people living with HIV, and 25% of TB deaths globally. In 2019, AMR was linked to approximately 55,000 deaths from HIV, 30,000 from malaria, and 255,000 overall. Major drivers of AMR in the region include the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human and food systems, migration, suboptimal vaccination rates, and environmental contamination from hospital and pharmaceutical effluents. Additionally, there is a lack of access to quality-assured antimicrobials and diagnostics, compounded by inadequate knowledge about AMR. Unlike high-income countries, where indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the primary factor driving AMR, African countries face additional challenges, including a lack of access to clean and safe water, poor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programs, inadequate infection prevention measures, and suboptimal vaccinations for preventable diseases. One in three hospitals in the region lacks clean, safe running water, and one in eight people defecate openly due to inadequate sanitation. Investments in WASH, infection prevention, and biosecurity could save approximately 700,000 lives annually. Addressing AMR in Africa requires a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach involving the entire society. Sustainable access to antimicrobials, including antibiotics, vaccines, and therapeutics, is crucial, as lack of access leads to more morbidity and mortality than AMR itself. Support for the region should focus on preventing infections, strengthening health and food systems, developing human resources, ensuring sustainable access to diagnostics and therapeutics, and investing in laboratory infrastructure to support surveillance and data generation. more

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PATS and ERS joint webinar: Air pollution and the lung in children

Pan African Thoracic Society (2021) CC2

PATS and ERS Paediatric Webinar Series Air pollution and the lung in children: the evidence for exposure and prevention measures

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PATS and ERS joint webinar: Paediatric Respiratory Research: meet the experts

Pan African Thoracic Society (2023) CC2

PATS and ERS Paediatric Webinar Series Paediatric Respiratory Reserch: meet the experts

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The increasing burden of asthma in South African children: A call to action

Masekela, R.; Gray, C.L.; Green, R.J. et al. The South African Medical Journal (2018) CC

BACKGROUND. Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, as well as airway reversibility. The burden of asthma in children is increasing in low- and middle-income countries and remains under-recognised and poorly managed. OBJE... more

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Prevalence, severity and risk factors for asthma in school-going adolescents in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Mphahlele, R.; Lesosky, M.; Masekela, R. BMJ Open Respiratory Research (2023) CC

Background Asthma remains highly prevalent, with more severe symptoms in low-income to middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with high-income countries. Identifying risk factors for severe asthma symptoms can assist with improving outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and ris... more

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Global spending on health: Weathering the storm

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

The 2020 Report analyzes global health spending for 190 countries from 2000 to 2018 and provides insights as to the health spending trajectory from the MDG era to the SDG era prior to the crisis of 2020. The report shows that global spending on health continually rose between 2000 and 2018 and reach... more

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Country cooperation strategy 2023-2027: Eritrea

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS) is a medium-term strategic framework for cooperation between WHO and countries and outlines a shared agenda with priority areas of work for five years. The aim of this CSS is to define medium term vision for WHO technical cooperation with the State of Eritrea ... more

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The relationship between climate change, globalization and non-communicable diseases in Africa: A systematic review

Silba A.; Kangmennaang J.; Baatiema L. et al. (2023) C2

A systematic review of connections between climate change, globalization and NCD'S

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The relationship between climate change, globalization and non-communicable diseases in Africa: A systematic review

Silba A.; Kangmennaang J.; Baatiema L. et al. (2023) C2

A systematic review of connections between climate change, globalization and NCD'S

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The relationship between climate change, globalization and non-communicable diseases in Africa: A systematic review

Silba A.; Kangmennaang J.; Baatiema L. et al. (2023) C2

A systematic review of connections between climate change, globalization and NCD'S

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Building climate change into care reform in Eastern and Southern Africa

UNICEF (2023) C_UNICEF

This papers argues that climate change is the greatest threat to children's care in the region

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Progress on the health-related Sustainable Development Goals and targets in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2023: 2nd progress report

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes a vision of healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages. This major report provides an update on progress towards the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (‎SDGs)‎ in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. It presents regional tren... more

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Abuja Declaration on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Other Infectious Diseases

African Union (AU) African Union (AU) (2001) CC

The Abuja declaration identifies that the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and related infectious diseases must come with additional financial resources. Therefore, African governments agreed on setting the target of allocating at least 15 per cent of each country’s annual budget ... more

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The Abuja Declaration: Ten Years On

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2010) CC

Follow up to the so called Abuja Declaration ten years later: In April 2001, heads of state of African Union countries met and pledged to set a target of allocating at least 15% of their annual budget to improve the health sector. At the same time, they urged donor countries to "fulfil the yet to be... more

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Development assistance for health and the Middle East and North Africa

Zhao, Y.; A. E. Micah; S. Gloyd et al. Globalization and Health (2020) C1

Background: Donor countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been among the largest donors in the world. However, little is known about their contributions for health. In this study, we addressed this gap by estimating the ... more

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Ending disease in Africa: control, elimination, and eradication efforts for neglected tropical diseases, scoping review of the literature in the WHO African Region since 1990

World Health Organization WHO (2023) CC

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a category of chronic, disabling, and at times disfiguring diseases and conditions that occur most commonly in the setting of extreme poverty. Historically, NTDs have received less attention and funding when compared to other diseases occurring in the same regi... more

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Africa Scorecard on Domestic Financing for Health

African Union (AU) African Union (AU) (2023) CC

The Africa Scorecard on Domestic Financing for Health is an advocacy tool for member states to use in financial planning and expenditure tracking. It is a tool for measuring only AIDS, TB and malaria spending and is intended to measure only the Abuja Declaration 15% target. Accessed on 21.07.2023

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A triple dividend: The health, social and economic gains from financing the HIV response in Africa

Cook, R.; S. Jain; S. Aleyan; et al. Economist Impact (2023) CC

This report presents findings from research conducted by Economist Impact to assess the health, demographic, social and economic impacts associated with different scenarios for financing the HIV epidemic across 13 selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The sponsorship of UNAIDS towards this repor... more

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Cervical Cancer Resources

Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) (2021) CC

The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus (the hollow, pear-shaped organ where a foetus can grow). The cervix leads from the uterus to the vagina (birth canal) below. Cervical cancer is the 2nd most common cancer among South African women, but the cancer women die of most in our country. ... more

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Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Policy (South Africa)

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa (2021) C1

Cervical cancer, along with maternal deaths, has been identified as a national priority in South Africa as well as other Sub-Saharan African countries. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in South Africa, after breast cancer. Due to limited access to prevention, early dia... more