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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Dermatological Preparations For The Tropics
recommended

Peter Bakker; Herman Woerdenbag; Vincent Gooskens; Ben Naafs, et al. (2012) C_WHO

A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on therapeutic choices, production and dispensing. 2nd edition

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Spatiotemporal distribution of antimicrobial resistant organisms in different water environments in urban and rural settings of Bangladesh

Asaduzzaman, M. et al. (2022) CC

The authors conduct an integrated survey of Antimicrobial Resistant Organisms (AMR) in drinking water, wastewater and surface water in three settings in Bangladesh: rural households, rural poultry farms, and urban food markets. Results show that untreated water discharged from rural households, poul... more

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Ethiopia: Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) Technical Guideline

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health (2012) C1

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Appropriate storage and management of oxytocin – a key commodity for maternal health

World Health Organization WHO; UNICEF; UNFPA (2021) C_WHO

WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA joint statement

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The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future

Romanello M., McGushin A., et al. (2021) C2

The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration that independently monitors the health consequences of a changing climate. Publishing updated, new, and improved indicators each year, the Lancet Countdown represents the consensus of leading researchers from 43 academic institutions and UN ag... more

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Snakebite envenoming -- A strategy for prevention and control. Executive Summary

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Leaflet

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List of Registered Medical Device for Import

Directorate General of Drug Administration,, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, People's Republic of Bangladesh (2017) C1

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Breaking the silence an Opportunity for Patients with Chagas Disease

Moriana, S.; Oritz, G.; Fanjul, G. Chagas Coalition (2016) CC

Not long ago, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the discovery of Chagas disease, several campaigns denounced the scant progress has been made in diffrent spheres- medical, scientific and politcal- but major challanges still remain. This is an appropriate time to celebrate what has been ach... more

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Ghana Annual Report 2019

World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office for Africa (2020) C_WHO

The WHO country office for Ghana, began the year 2019 with a 4-day staff retreat at the Busua Beach Resort in the Western Region from 04 to 08 March 2019. The theme for the retreat was ‘Impacting the Health and Lives of the people of Ghana through the Triple Billion Goal”. The staff outlined pri... more

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Anaesthesia And Perioperative Care

Mark Newton Stella A. Eguma Olamide O. Dairo (2010) C2

Chapter 10 of Pediatric Surgery: This chapter provides an overview of some of the challenges when providing anaesthesia care for children in Africa. The chapter reviews the cardiac, respiratory, and renal differences of children in comparison to adults. Additionally, it addresses preoperative asses... more

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Disease Surveillance, Emergency Preparedness and Response in Eastern and Southern Africa

World Bank, et al. (2021) CC

A Situational Assessment and Five-YearAction Plan for the Africa CDC Strengthening Regional Public Health Institutions and Capacity for Surveillance and Response Program

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The health of the people: what works – the African Regional Health Report 2014

World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (2014) C_WHO

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Access to medicines: making market forces serve the poor

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

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Chemical and Biological Agents, Nuclear Events

Smithsonian Alerts (2018) C2

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At Heart, Global Health Draws on Compassion, Solidarity and Justice

Addiss, D. (2018) CC

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A JOURNEY TO END NTDs: Elimination and Care

Christoffel-Blindenmission (CBM) (2017)

LEAVING NO-ONE BEHIND | “A Journey to End NTDs – Elimination and Care” records what we have achieved over the last year and where we are now. It presents our plan of action for the coming years, bringing our ‘traditional’ NTD work together with ‘Disease Management Disability and Inclusio... more