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Filoviral hemorrhagic fever (FHF) is caused by ebolaviruses and marburgviruses, which both belongto the family Filoviridae. Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) are the most likely natural reservoir for marburg viruses and entry into caves and mines that they stay in has often been associated
...
with outbreaks of MVD. On the other hand, the natural reservoir for ebola viruses remains elusive;however, handling of wild animal carcasses has been associated with some outbreaks of EVD. In thelast two decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of FHF outbreaks in Africa, some beingcaused by a newly found virus and some occurring in previously unaffected areas such as Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, in which the most recent EVD outbreak occurred in 2014. Indeed, the predicted geographic distribution of filoviruses and their potential reservoirs in Africa includes manycountries in which FHF has not been reported. To minimize the risk of virus dissemination inpreviously unaffected areas, there is a need for increased investment in health infrastructure in African countries, policies to facilitate collaboration between health authorities from different countries, implementation of outbreak control measures by relevant multi-disciplinary teams and education of the populations at risk.
more
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), covering its epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It explains that Ebola is a severe zoonotic infection caused by the Ebola virus, most likely originating from fruit bats and tra
...
nsmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or body fluids. The article summarizes the history of Ebola outbreaks in Africa, including the major West African epidemic of 2013–2016 and subsequent outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It describes the disease’s clinical course, ranging from nonspecific flu-like symptoms to severe dehydration, multiorgan failure, shock, and death. The authors discuss diagnostic methods, supportive and intensive care management, emerging antiviral therapies and monoclonal antibodies, as well as the development and use of Ebola vaccines. The review also highlights the importance of infection control, contact tracing, community engagement, safe burial practices, and healthcare worker protection in controlling outbreaks. Finally, it addresses long-term complications in survivors and the persistence of Ebola virus in certain body compartments, particularly semen, which may contribute to delayed transmission.
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Between April 2018 and November 2020, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced its 11th Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. Tanzania’s cross-border interactions with DRC through regular visitors, traders, and refugees are of concern, given the potential for further spread to neighboring
...
countries. This study aimed to estimate the risk of introducing EVD to Tanzania from DRC. National data for flights, boats, and car transport schedules from DRC to Tanzania covering the period of May 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed to describe population movement via land, port, and air travel and coupled with available surveillance data to model the risk of EVD entry. The land border crossing was considered the most frequently used means of travel and the most likely pathway of introducing EVD from DRC to Tanzania. High probabilities of introducing EVD from DRC to Tanzania through the assessed pathways were associated with the viability of the pathogen and low detection capacity at the ports of entry. This study provides important information regarding the elements contributing to the risk associated with the introduction of EBV in Tanzania. It also indicates that infected humans arriving via land are the most likely pathway of EBV entry, and therefore, mitigation strategies including land border surveillance should be strengthened.
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Las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe tienen climas más clementes, en promedio, que las de otras regiones de latitudes similares: algunas se benefician de su elevada altitud, otras de su ubicación costera. Sin embargo, las temperaturas están aumentando
en ciudades de todas las zonas climá
...
ticas. En general, las temperaturas promedio del aire sobre la tierra en la región han aumentado alrededor de 1,5 °C desde la época preindustrial
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The main aim of this assessment was to evaluate the PSS response of URCS to these VHF, against the needs of beneficiaries and communities focused on the areas of most ‘added value’ of the URCS; community engagement mobilisation and support, documenting any unintended outcomes and best practice r
...
elated to the operation.
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La fourniture de sang et de produits sanguins sûrs et efficaces pour la transfusion ou la fabrication d’autres produits sanguins fait intervenir un certain nombre de processus, allant de la sélection des donneurs de sang et de la collecte, au traitement et au dépistage des dons de sang ainsi qu
...
’à l’analyse des échantillons des malades, à la délivrance de sang compatible et à son administration au patient. Il existe un risque d’erreur à chaque étape de la « chaîne de transfusion », et une défaillance à une quelconque de ces étapes peut avoir des conséquences graves pour les receveurs du sang ou des produits sanguins. Si la transfusion sanguine peut sauver des vies, elle comporte aussi des risques, en particulier la transmission des infections par le sang.
Le dépistage des infections transmissibles par transfusion (ITT) en vue d’exclure les dons de sang présentant un risque de transmettre une infection du donneur aux receveurs est une étape critique du processus visant à garantir au mieux la sécurité des transfusions. Un dépistage efficace des agents transmissibles par le sang les plus courants et les plus dangereux peut réduire le risque de transmission à des niveaux très faibles. more
Le dépistage des infections transmissibles par transfusion (ITT) en vue d’exclure les dons de sang présentant un risque de transmettre une infection du donneur aux receveurs est une étape critique du processus visant à garantir au mieux la sécurité des transfusions. Un dépistage efficace des agents transmissibles par le sang les plus courants et les plus dangereux peut réduire le risque de transmission à des niveaux très faibles. more
L’évaluation externe de la qualité (EEQ) est une composante importante des systèmes qualité des services de transfusion sanguine. L’EEQ est l’évaluation externe de la qualité générale des résultats obtenus par un laboratoire dans l’analyse d’échantillons de contrôle dont le cont
...
enu est connu, mais n’a pas été dévoilé, et la comparaison de ces résultats avec ceux qu’ont obtenus d’autres laboratoires qui ont analysé les mêmes échantillons. Dans les laboratoires qui pratiquent le dépistage des infections transmissibles par transfusion (ITT) dans les dons de sang, la participation à l’EEQ aide à surveiller et améliorer la qualité des résultats. Les informations issues de l’EEQ permettent d’améliorer continuellement la qualité en mettant en évidence les erreurs d’un laboratoire et d’appliquer des mesures pour éviter qu’elles se reproduisent. L’EEQ joue ainsi un rôle essentiel dans l’amélioration de la sécurité transfusionnelle.
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Accessed August 31,2017
Case Study Methodology to Monitor & Evaluate Community Mental Health Programs in Low-Income Countries
Cohen, A., Eaton, J., Radtke, B., et al.
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and CBM
(2012)
C2
Case Studies Project
Ce rapport montre que d’importants progrès ont été accomplis en 2015 pour atteindre les cibles de la feuille de route. Ces résultats procèdent de la mise en œuvre de cinq interventions recommandées par l’OMS pour vaincre les MTN : chimiothérapie préventive ; prise en charge innovante et
...
intensifiée de la maladie ; écologie et gestion vectorielles ; services de santé publique vétérinaire ; et approvisionnement en eau sans risque sanitaire et services d’assainissement et d’hygiène.
more
Accessed 6th May 2019.
Norma técnica para el control y la eliminación de la tuberculosis programa nacional de control y eliminación de la tuberculosis - Actualización 2021 Resolución Exenta N°60 del Ministerio de Salud, con fecha 14 de enero de 2022
This document outlines the concept and content of the WHO people-centred approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the human health sector. The proposed approach recognizes and aims to address the challenges and health system barriers people face when accessing health services to prev
...
ent, diagnose and treat (drug-resistant) infections. It puts people and their needs at the centre of the AMR response and guides policy-makers in taking programmatic and comprehensive actions to mitigate AMR in line with a proposed package of core interventions. These interventions are based on a review of four pillars and two foundational steps that are critical to overcome barriers faced by people and health systems in addressing AMR.
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- The Facts About High Blood Pressure
- Understanding Blood Pressure Readings
- Health Threats from High Blood Pressure
- Get Down With Your Blood Pressure
- Learn How to Monitor Your Blood Pressure at Home
- Let's Talk About Blood Pressure
- Support That Empowers
Flambées de choléra
recommended
Le document fournit des directives complètes pour la gestion des flambées de choléra, y compris la détection, la confirmation, la réponse, le traitement et la prévention. Il met l'accent sur l'importance de la réhydratation, de l'assainissement de l'eau, de la promotion de l'hygiène et de la
...
mobilisation communautaire pour limiter la propagation. Ce guide est conçu pour les professionnels de la santé et les autorités publiques afin d'assurer une réponse efficace et coordonnée.
more