Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is a public health issue in Latin America. This highly diverse parasite is divided into at least seven discrete typing units (DTUs) TcI-TcVI and Tcbat. Some DTUs have been associated with geographical distribution in epidemiological scenarios and clinical m...anifestations, but these aspects remain poorly understood. Many studies have focused on studying the parasite and its vectors/hosts, using a wide variety of genetic markers and methods. Here, we performed a systematic review of the literature for the last 20 years to present an update of DTUs distribution in the Americas, collecting ecoepidemiological information. We found that the DTUs are widespread across the continent and that there is a whole gamma of genetic markers used for the identification and genotyping of the parasite. The data obtained in this descriptor could improve the molecular epidemiology studies of Chagas disease in endemic regions.
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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease with a broad global distribution and an increasing number of recorded cases worldwide. However, it is still one of the world's most neglected diseases. Over the last decades, the disease has been found to expand geographically with a global increase of cases o...f visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis increasing the public health problems associated with the disease epidemics. The reported range expansion of the diseases has been associated with range expansions of vector populations in response to climate change. Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The transmission can either be zoonotic and/or anthroponotic through the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sandfly. In Eurasia and Africa, all vector-competent sandfly species belong to the genus Phlebotomus. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis. In the ‘old world’, it is caused by five currently recognized Leishmania species: L. major, L. tropica and L. aethiopica (being main causative parasites) as well as L. infantum and L. donovani. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), another common and more severe form of leishmaniasis, is only associated with the Leishmania species L. infantum and L. donovani. The specific Leishmania species cause different clinical symptoms in humans.
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This toolkit for integrated vector management (IVM) is designed to help national and regional programme managers coordinate across sectors to design and run large IVM programmes.
The toolkit provides the technical detail required to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate an IVM approach. IVM can be ...used when the aim is to control or eliminate vector-borne diseases and can also contribute to insecticide resistance management. This toolkit provides information on where vector-borne diseases are endemic and what interventions should be used, presenting case studies on IVM as well as relevant guidance documents for reference.
The diseases that are the focus of this toolkit are malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis, human African trypanosomiasis and schistosomiasis. It also includes information on other viral diseases (Rift Valley fever, West Nile fever, Chikungunya, yellow fever) and trachoma. If other vector-borne diseases appear in a country or area, vector control with an IVM approach should be adopted, as per national priorities.
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TOWARDS 30 YEARS OF THE BEIJING DECLARATION AND PLATFORM FOR ACTION: UNITE TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Concept Note
The current global crises, including climate, COVID-19, and environmental change, requires global collective action at all scales. These broad socio-ecological challenges require the engagement of diverse perspectives and ways of knowing and the meaningful engagement of all generations and stages of... personal and professional development. The combination of systems thinking, change management, quality improvement approaches and models, appreciative/strength-based approaches, narratives, storytelling and the strengths of Indigenous knowledges, offer synergies and potential that can set the stage for transformative, strengths-based education for sustainable healthcare (ESH).
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Research results of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response before, during and after disasters in Indonesia, Lao PDR and the Philippines
This report contributes new evidence on why and how sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) risks increase during humanitarian disasters.... It details how humanitarian actors can better prevent and respond to such escalation of SGBV, and better meet the needs of affected women, girls, men and boys. This research is based on community views of disaster-affected women, adolescent girls, men and adolescent boys in three South-East Asian countries: Indonesia, Lao PDR and the Philippines.
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KOWONAVIRIS AK ASIRANS SANTE OU: KONPRANN PRENSIP DEBAZ YO
Le présent rapport est soumis en application de la résolution 2164 (2014) du Conseil de sécurité, par laquelle le Conseil a prorogé le mandat de la Mission multidimensionnelle intégrée des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation au Mali (MINUSMA) et m’a demandé de lui faire rapport tous les tr...ois mois sur l’application de la résolution et l’exécution du mandat de la Mission. Le présent rapport couvre la période allant du 17 décembre 2014 au 19 mars 2015
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Since 1995, WHO has ensured a consistent approach to national, regional and global TB surveillance by providing standardized definitions, forms and registers for the recording and reporting of individual-level and aggregated data about people diagnosed with and treated for TB, which are used worldwi...de. This standardization has facilitated the regular reporting of TB data to WHO from 215 countries and areas in annual rounds of global TB data collection, with findings published in an annual WHO global TB report since 1997 and data made publicly available via the online WHO global TB database.
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Women and girls have specific needs that are often ignored during crisis. While on the run or while living in shelters, women and girls continue to become pregnant, but they often lack access to basic sexual and reproduc-tive health care. Without assistance by midwifes or access to contraceptives, w...omen and girls are at increased risk of unsafe sex, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe delivery, and are at a higher risk of infection by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. In addition, displaced women have virtually no access to protection, security, justice, and other services related to gender-based violence (GBV). For these reasons, the delivery of sexual and reproduc-tive health and rights (SRHR) as well as GBV services to conflict-affected communities – most of whom are living in protracted displacement – is a key part of UNFPA’s Women and Girls First Programme (WGF). The initia-tive is a commitment to prevent and respond to violence perpetrated against women and girls in Myanmar, and to realize their sexual and reproductive health and rights.
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Ce guide sera particulièrement utile pour les gestionnaires de programme qui concoivent, gèrent et évaluent les systèmes logistique pour les programmes de santé. En outre, décideurs, intervenants du système et toute personne travaillant dans la logistique trouveront dans ce guide une utile a...pproche globale du système. Les concepts et termes clés sont clairement définis et expliqués; le document comprend des informations détaillées sur la conception et la mise en œuvre de systèmes d’information, de la gestion logistique et des systèmes de contrôle d’inventaire. Aperçus de quantification; processus d’approvisionnement; stockage, transport et sélection des produits sont aussi inclus dans le document.
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abridged version, March 2021
he study highlights the impacts of COVID-19 on women and men as gleaned from research conducted during 2020, as well as the Computer Assisted Telephonic Interviews (CATI) Rapid Gender Assessments (RGAs) executed by UN Women, UNFPA and partners in seven countries in the ...East and Southern Africa region.
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Rapporto ISS COVID-19, n. 3/2020
Gruppo di Lavoro ISS Ambiente e Gestione dei Rifiuti
aggiornato al 14 marzo 2020
Die Grafik zur deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zeigt die Entwicklung der finanziellen Mittel Deutschlands im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2024. Die absoluten Summen werden als Balken und in Eurobeträgen in Millionen dargestellt, während die Kurvenlinien die entsprechenden Prozentwerte im Verhältnis... zum deutschen Bruttonationaleinkommen (BNE) anzeigen. Das international vereinbarte Ziel für Entwicklungszusammenarbeit liegt bei 0,7 % des BNE und ist als gerade Linie im Diagramm eingefügt. Zudem empfiehlt die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO), dass 0,1 % des BNE für gesundheitsbezogene Entwicklungszusammenarbeit bereitgestellt werden sollten.
Deutschland hat das 0,7%-Ziel bisher in keinem Jahr erreicht, wenn nur die realen Transferleistungen in die Betrachtung einbezogen werden. Die 0,1%-Empfehlung der WHO wurde lediglich im Jahr 2021 überschritten, was auf verstärkte Maßnahmen der Krisenreaktion zur Bewältigung der Covid-19-Pandemie zurückzuführen ist. In den Jahren 2020 und 2022 wurde die 0,1%-Empfehlung nahezu erreicht, blieb jedoch in den übrigen Jahren des betrachteten Zeitraums deutlich unerfüllt.
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This study emphasizes the contribution that women can play in the prevention of violent extremism within the family and society and analyzes the drivers and roles of women taking part in violent extremism and supporting violent and extremist groups.
UNDP Iraq is pleased to make this study and its r...ecommendations available to national and international partners and to all interested experts and researchers working in the field of preventing violent extremism to contribute to enriching the discussion and strengthening programmes to prevent violent extremism in the Arab region.
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Während hunderttausende Ukrainer ihr Land verlassen, kann sich die EU - wie schon 2015 - nicht auf die Verteilung der Kriegsvertriebenen einigen. Dennoch ist es dieses Mal anders: Der von allen EU-Staaten gebilligte, vorübergehende Schutz für Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine ermöglicht eine rasche, ...unbürokratische Aufnahme. Die Sprache in Medien und Politik ist eine andere. Was steckt dahinter? Eine Analyse mit zwei Expert*innen für Flucht und Ankunft.
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