Bo Peng , Rowland W. Pettit, and Christopher I. Amos
1
Bolivia, Ministerio de Salud
1
Bonita, R.
1
Bouchaud O., C. T. Ndour et al.
1
Bouman, D., W. Novalia, P. Hiemstra, et al.
1
Braam, D.
1
Brown C.M., Slavinski S., Ettestad P. et al
1
Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA)
1
Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung
1
C. Carandang
1
C. Contini, M. Maritari, M. die Nuzzo, et al.
1
C. Cravero, S. Danner et. al.
1
C. DC Christie-Samuels
1
C. Ferreira-Borges
1
C. Fitzpatrick, J.Jannin
1
C. Giannou, M. Baldan and A. Molde
1
C. Gray
1
C. Hoffmann, A. Gualani Gualani
1
C. Hoffmann, et al.
1
C. Redick
1
C. Rodgers
1
C. Workman
1
Cambridge University Press
1
Camp, R. and C. Hoffmann
1
Campbell, L
1
CAP-China
1
Carbonell, C.
1
Caritas Internationalis
1
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Center for Disease Control
1
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , World Health Organization
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV
1
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control CDC
1
Centers of Disease Control CDC
1
Central TB Division, Director ate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Centre Anti Poison du Maroc
1
Centre for Respiratory Diesease and Meningitis, South Africa
1
Cheema B., A. Westwood
1
Cheesbrough, M.
1
Cheneliere Education
1
Child Health Division
1
Child Health Division, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Childhealth Advocacy International, Advanced Life Support Group
1
China-Japan Friendship Hospital
1
Chowell and Nishiura
1
Christian Health Association Liberia
1
Christophe Peyrefitte
1
Christopher Flower
1
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1
ClinMed International Library
1
Cochrane
1
Colette van Hees and Ben Naafs
1
Colón-González, F.J.
1
Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR)
1
Communicable Disease Control Branch - Manitoba Health
1
Conseil Européen de Réanimation
1
Conseil international des Infirmières (CII)
1
Corfmat, J.
1
Critical Care Networks - National Nurse Leads
1
Crofts, K.
1
Current Tropical Medicines Report
1
Curry International Tuberculosis Center, State of California, California Health & Human Service Agency, Department of Public Health
1
D. A. Enarson, S. M. Kennedy, D. L. Miller, et al.
1
D. Antognini, A. Combes, et al.
1
D. Dufour
1
D. Evans
1
D. H. Mulligan,
1
D. Peyramond, C. Rapp, H. Coignard, et al
1
D. S. Abebe
1
D. Stuckler, S. Basu, M. McKee, et al.
1
D.L. Terlonge
1
Danyuttapolchai, J., S. Kittimunkong, S. Nateniyom, et al.
1
David Fishman
1
David Pescod
1
de Carvalho-Pinto, R. M.
1
Degam
1
Delfini Cançado, J. E.
1
Department of Health & Human Services
1
Department of Health (DOH)
1
Department of health and human services
1
Department of Health, National Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Disease Prevention and Control
1
Department: Agriculture, Foresty and Fisheries - Republic of South Africa
1
Dept. of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
1
Dept. of Psychiatry
1
Desogus, A.
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin e.V.
1
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie (DGPI) e.V.
1
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Internationale Gesundheit (DTG) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie (PEG) und der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
1
Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose
1
DFID
1
Dheda, K.
1
Diagnostics Technical Advisory Group (DTAG)
1
Dibb-Fuller, E, T. Liversedge
1
Die Johanniter
1
Diel, R., G. Loytved, A.Nienhaus, et al.
1
Dilys Morgan, Hilary Kirkbride and Bengü Said
1
Diouf A., T. J. Youbong, F. L. Dieye et. al.
1
Direction de Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Congo
1
Directorate General of Drug Administration,, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, People's Republic of Bangladesh
1
Directorate General of Health Services , Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
1
Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
1
Disease Control unit (CDC)
1
DOTS, WHO
1
Dr. J. Breda
1
Dr. Joseph Sitienei OGW
1
Dr. K. Asiedu
1
Dr. Md. N. A. Khan
1
Dr. med. A. Aweimer
1
Dr. med. Thorben Doll, Johannes Pott
1
Dr. Nathan Kenya Mugisha, Ministry of Health Uganda
1
Dr. P. Amoth
1
Dr. Raviglione, M.
1
Dr. S. K. Kibias
1
Dr. Scherpbier, R.
1
Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative DNDi
1
Durrheim, D.
1
E. A. Cooreman
1
E. André
1
E. Heseltine
1
E. Ista
1
E.G. Brown Jr, D.S. Dooley, K. Smith
1
E.Schuler
1
Ebens, B., E. Fosse, M. Niechzial, et al.
1
eLife
1
Elizabeth Lamond, and Jesee Kinyanjui
1
Elsevier Ltd
1
Emelurumonye I. N., A. Miglietta
1
EMERGE
1
Epidemiologisches Bulletin
1
EQUINET
1
Eric Osoro
1
Esterhuizen, J.
1
ESTHER Ensemble pour une Solidarité Thérapeutique Hospitalière En Réseaux
1
et al
1
et. al.
1
Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority
1
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Euro Surveillance
1
European Academies Science Advisory Council
1
European Centre for Disases Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Commission Humanitarian Aid
1
European Commission Joint Research Centre
1
European Medicines Agency EMA
1
European Network for Diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases
1
European Resuscitation Council
1
European Resuscitation Council ERC
1
European Scientific Journal
1
European Society of Cardiology
1
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases EUCAST
1
European specialist nurse organisation (ESN)
1
Ewig S.
1
Expert Committee on Pediatric Epilepsy, Indian Academy of Pediatrics
1
Extended Programme on Immunisation NDoH
1
F. Portaels
1
F.Simona,E.Javellea ,A.Cabie, et al.
1
Fabian Suter
1
FAO
1
Fast SM, Mekaru S, Brownstein JS, Postlethwaite TA, Markuzon N.
1
Fast, Larissa and Adele Waugaman
1
Federal Bureau of Prisons
1
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -Ministry of Health
1
Federal Government of Somalia, Puntland & Somaliland, Zonal NMCPs
1
Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Contro
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Fedreal Republic of Nigeria
1
Feiterna- Sperling, C., F. Brinkmann, C. Adamzik, et al.
1
Finn Church Aid
1
Fitzgerald, F.
1
Flying Publisher, Boehringer Ingelheim
1
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO and African Union AU
1
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
1
Fooks, A,
1
Fooks, A.
1
Formation VIH
1
Formenty, Pierre
1
Frank Shann and John Vince
1
Frase N. S.
1
Frontiers in Pediatrics
1
G. H. Mazurek, J. Jereb, P. LoBue et. al
1
Gadea, P.
1
Gastroenterology Society of Kenya , Republic of Keny
1
German Doctors
1
German Red Cross
1
German Resuscitation Council
1
Gesellschaft für Thrombose-undHämostaseforschung e.V. GTH
1
Ghana Health Service
1
Ghana Health Service Ghana
1
Ghana Health Service, et al.
1
Gibson, A.
1
Gilman, R.T.
1
Giorgio Guzzetta, Fabrizio Montarsi, Frédéric Alexandre Baldacchino et al.
1
GIZ
1
GiZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
1
Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)
1
Global Handwashing Partnership
1
Global Health Cluster
1
Global Initiative for Asthma
1
Global MediXchange for Combating COVID-19 (GMCC)
1
Global Task Force for Cholera Control
1
Government of Ethiopia
1
Government of India
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
1
Government of India, Central Tuberculosis Division
1
Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population
1
Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services ...
1
GOVERNMENT OF SIERRA LEONE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SANITATION
1
Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, National Malaria Control Programme
1
Government of SomaliaWorld Health Organization WHO
1
Government of Tanzania
1
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services
1
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services
1
Government of the Republic of Namibia
1
Government of Uganda
1
GP clinics
1
Grant, C.
1
Gromek K., Hung M., Montero N. et al
1
H. Adler, Gould, S.
1
H. Knoester
1
H. Marval-Ospino
1
H. S. Faich Dini
1
H.L. Nguyen
1
Haldane, V., De Foo, C., Abdalla, S.M. et al.
1
Haute Conseil de la Santé Publique
1
HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF ODISHA
1
Health Cluster & Shelter Cluster Iraq
1
health Department: Health Republic of South Africa
1
Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HSE)
1
HEART
1
HEAT, UNICEF, Open University, AMREF
1
Helping babies breathe
1
Henao-Restrepo, A.M.
1
Hine, P.
1
Hopkins, D.
1
Hospice Palliative Care Association of SOUTH AFRICA
1
House of Commons International Development Committee
1
hpsc
1
I. Friesecke, W. Biederbick,G. Boecken, et al.
1
IEDCR
1
ILEP
1
ILEP International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations
1
ILO
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
Indian Council of Medical Research - Department of Health Research
1
Indian Nursing Council
1
Indian Pediatrics
1
Indian Society of Nephrology
1
Institut de Médecine Tropicale, Université de Bordeau
1
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation - University of Washington
1
Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crises
1
interburns
1
Internation Federation of Red Cross
1
International Bureau for Epilepsy
1
International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
1
International Dairy Federation
1
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
1
International Labour Organization
1
International League Against Epilepsy
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation FIP
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union)
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Health Organization
1
Internationl Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
1
Iroezindu, M.
1
Izibewule, J.H. et al.
1
J. Atkinson, Y. Chartier, C.L.Pessoa-Silva, et.al
1
J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
J. Buntine
1
J. Gardel Valverde , I. Camara Morais et al.
1
J. Kaner and S.Schaack
1
J. N. M. Schieveld
1
J. Noeske
1
J. Wasserheit, H. Schünemann, et cl.
1
J.E. Suk, D. Fischer et al.
1
J.G. Shaffer
1
J.Pfeil, R. Kobbe, S. Trapp, C. Kitz, M. Hufnagel
1
Jackson, J., Kheng Heng, L., Eklund, G. et al.
1
James W. Macharia
1
JAMIA Open
1
Jilian A Sacks, Elizabeth Zehe, Cindil Redick et al.
1
Jing Liu-Helmersson , H. Stenlund, A. Wilder-Smith, et al.
1
Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe e.V.
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg School
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1
John Hopkins Hospital antimicrobioal Stewardship Program
1
John Kinsman
1
Johnson, P.
1
Jornal of Global Health Science
1
Jose Nkuni, Natasha Howard, Abraham Mnzava et al.
1
José A. Caminero
1
Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research
1
Journal of Nursing Care
1
Juanid, E.
1
Justin Cohen, Deepika Kandula, Bruno Moonen et al.
1
Jürg Barben, Christoph Berger, Erik C. Böttger, et al.
1
K. Asedeu
1
K. Asiedu
1
K. Cranston, A. DeMaria (Bureau of Infectious Disease)
1
K. Doerholt
1
K. Erdahl et al.
1
K. Lancaster
1
K. Suzuki, R. E. Simmonds et al.
1
K. Tolksdorf
1
Kariuki S., K. H. Keddy, M. Antonio
1
Katrin Leitmeyer
1
KELIN, Stop TB Initiative
1
Kelly L, Cooper M,
1
Ker K, Tansley G, Beec her D, Perner A, Shakur H, Harris T, Roberts I
Lesotho National AIDS Commission, Government of Lesotho
1
LIiang T., H. Cai Hongliu, Y. Chen et al.
1
Lode, H.
1
Logunov, D.Y, et al.
1
López-Bernús, A.
1
Lucille Bartholomeusz
1
M. Ba, B. Camara et. al.
1
M. Botticelli (Bureau of Substance Abuse Services)
1
M. Bray, M.S.Hirsch, D.Mitty, et al.
1
M. Danilovits
1
M. Dara
1
M. Dara, M. Grzemska, M. E. Kimerling, et al.
1
M. Forßbohm, W. Haas
1
M. Giles
1
M. Janier, V. Hegyi, N. Dupin et al
1
M. Mikulencak
1
M. Odhiambo Sewe, A.M Tompkins et al.
1
M. Outeda
1
M. S. Razai
1
M.A. Connolly, M. Gayer and S. Ottmani
1
M.Owen-Smith, et al.
1
Madhukar Pai
1
Maitland, K.
1
Managment of Health Sciences MSH
1
Mangwiro, TNC.
1
Manju Vatsa, Duangvadee Sungkhobol, Sudarshan Kumari, et al.
1
Manolito L. Chua, Marissa M. Alejandria
1
Marchissio, E.
1
Mark F. Cotton
1
Mark Newton Stella A. Eguma Olamide O. Dairo
1
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
1
Maternal Health Division Department of Family Welfare Government of India
1
Maternal Health Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
1
McGloin, J.
1
MDPI Journal of Clinical Medicine
1
Medecins Sans Frontieres (Access Campaign)
1
Medical Principles and Practice
1
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) UK
1
Medicins Sans Frontieres MSF
1
Melissa Leach
1
Menezes Pizzichini, M. M.
1
Meyers, W.
1
Médecins sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Médecins Sans Frontières MFS
1
Michael T. Osterholma, Kristine A. Moorea, Nicholas S. Kelley et al.
1
Military Medical Research
1
Ministere de la Sante, Rwanda
1
Ministerio da Saude, Brasilia
1
Ministero della Salute
1
Ministère de Santé Publique, Cameroun
1
Ministère de la Santè Maroc
1
Ministère de la Santé
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Haiti
1
Ministère de la Santé, Maroc
1
Ministère de la Santé, République du Bénin
1
Ministry of Disaster Management Affairs and Public Events
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare ,India
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Goverment of India
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Government of India
1
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare,Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Nirman Bhawan New Delhi
1
Ministry of Health and Population in Haiti
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation (Sierra Leone), UNICEF, Helen Keller International, and WHO
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone,
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS)
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) & Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture (MOEAC)
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSS)
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Central TB Division, India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Ministry Of Health Community, Development,Gender, Elderly And Children, the United Republic Of Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health DR Congo
1
Ministry of Health Kenya
1
Ministry of Health Rwanda
1
Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia
1
Ministry of Health Uganda, Control of Diarrheal Diseases
1
Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India
1
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children
1
Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Fiji
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana, World Health Organizaiotn (WHO) and Ghana Health Service
1
Ministry of Health, Malawi
1
Ministry of Health, Nepal
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Medical Services, Kenya
1
Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation
1
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation Kenya
1
Mock, C et al
1
Monteiro , J.D.
1
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report MMWR
1
Mpairwe, H.
1
mPowering Frontline Health Workers
1
Mukhtar A Adeiza, Abdullah A Abba, Juliana U Okpapi
1
MW Sonderup, Y Pillay et al.
1
N. Ait-Khaled, D. Enarson
1
N. R. Calles
1
N. Schoenfeld, W. Haas, E. Richter, et al.
1
N. Schönfeld, W. Haas, E. Richter et al.
1
N. Solé, A. Marco, M Escribano, A. Orcau, et al.
1
NADMO Ghana
1
Nagham Soda
1
Namutebi, M.
1
National Academy of Sciences of the USA
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare , Government of India,
1
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) & Reproductive and Child Health Section
1
National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control Committee
1
National Blood Transfusion Council (NBTC)
1
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectios Diseases
1
National Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control (CENAT)
1
National Centre for Disease Control - Delhi
1
National Centre for Disease Control, India
1
National Centre of Disease Control
1
National Consensus Project for Quality of Palliative Care
1
National Department of Health Directorate: Communicable Diseases
1
National Epidemiology Center Department of Health Philippines
1
National Health Mission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National HIV
1
National HIV and AIDS Secretariat
1
National Institue of communicable Diseases, India
1
National Institute for Communicable Disease NICD
1
National Institute for Medical Research
1
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
1
National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru India
1
National Institutes of Health
1
National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India
1
National Libary of Medicine
1
National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS), India
1
National Rabies Programme
1
National Rural Health Mission
1
National Tuberculosis Center, New Jersey Medical School
1
National Tuberculosis Centre, Global Fund
1
National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program (NTLD-Program), Kenya
1
nature communications
1
Nature Scientific Reports
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
New Jersey Medical School
1
Nicole Ritz, Folke Brinkmann, Cornelia Feiterna-Sperling. et al.
1
Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja
1
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
1
Nkurunungi, G. et al.
1
nternational Labour Organization
1
NWP, Aqua for All,Kit Publisher et al.
1
OCHA Services
1
Ogden Stephanie et al
1
Ogden, S., Gallo, K., Davis, S., et al
1
Ogoina, D.
1
OMS
1
OMS / Bureau régional de la Méditerranée orientale
1
One Million Community Worker Campaign
1
OPAS
1
Ordre National des Médecins
1
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud
1
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
1
Organização Mundial da Saùde
1
Oxfam
1
P. de Colombani, S. Ahmedov, K. Blondal, et al.
1
Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents
1
Patria Amada Brasil
1
Patrick R. Kenya, Prince-Albert Roberts, Joseph Kobba, et al.
1
Paul Roddy, Natasha Howard, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, et al.
1
Peace Corps
1
Peter G. Smith, Richard H. Morrow, and David A. Ross
1
Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Philippine College of Chest Physicians, Philippine Academy of Family Physicians
1
Pierre Aubry
1
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
1
PMC (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health)
1
Polrat Wilairatana, Srivicha Krudsood, Ma. Sandra B. Tempongko et al.
1
Portaels, F-
1
Portaels, F.
1
Potokra, T.
1
Powers, W.J.
1
Pr Abderrahmane Maaroufi
1
Prgramme nationale de lutte Contre la Tuberculose
1
Prof. Dr. S. Tahmina
1
Prof. A. K. Saha et al.
1
Prof. C. Abobltins, L. Brown, Prof N. Curtis, et al.
1
Prof. Dr. A. K. Azad
1
Prof. Dr. Kurnaz, S.
1
Prof. Dr. M. S. Flora
1
Prof. Dr. S. Tahamina
1
Prof. G. N. Lule, Dr. B. Nyawira
1
Prof. Q. T. Islam
1
Q.M. Trinh
1
Quality Assurance and Standardization Division (QASD) Ministry of Health Bhutan
1
R Loewenson
1
R Sari Kovats et al.
1
R. Colebunders
1
R. Diel, A. Nienhaus
1
R. Diel, B. Hauer, R. Loddenkemper, et al.
1
R. Velayudhan
1
R.Beaglehole, and T. Kjellström
1
Rabies - Bulletin - Europe
1
Rabies Information System of the World Health Organization
1
Radiation Emergency Assistance Center
1
Rajesh Upadhyay, Milind Y Nadkar, A Muruganathan
1
Ramanathan, K.
1
Regierung Unterfranken
1
Regional Office Africa
1
Republic of Ghana
1
Republic of Kenya Ministry of Health
1
Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health
1
Republic of Libera, Ministry for Health and Social Welfare
1
Republic of South Sudan
1
Republic of the Gambia, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National Leprosy
1
RESAOLAB Guinée
1
Research and reports in tropical medicine
1
ResearchGate
1
Revista Medica Uruguay
1
République du Bénin Ministère de la Santé Direction de la Santé de la Mère et de l’Enfan
1
Rhodes, T.
1
Rhön-Klinikum
1
Ribeiro de Carvallho, C.R. et al.
1
Richards, P.
1
Richter, L., Foster, G. and Sherr, L.
1
Rodríguz-Alonso, B.
1
Rontgene M. Solante, Manolito L. Chua
1
Roy, S. et al.
1
Royal Australian College of General Practitioner
1
Royal College of Anaesthetists
1
Rwanda Biomedical Center
1
Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Institute of HIV
1
Ryan, R.E.
1
S. Buda
1
S. Colt, M.N. Garcia-Casal, J.P. Peña-Rosas, et al.
1
S. Galwankar
1
S. H.-L. Fry
1
S. Kromann Jensen
1
S. L. Barnabas
1
S. Ladhani
1
S. Lazzari and G. Kiesner
1
S. Lees et al.
1
S. MacPhee
1
S. Mahroof-Shaffi, C. Harkensee, A.T Chamberlain
1
S.B. Calderwood and A.Bloom
1
Saiful Islam M. , Mizanur Rahman K., Sun Y., et al.
1
Salvage J, Rowson M, Melf K, Wilmen A
1
Salvi, S.S.
1
Santesso, N.
1
Sarr, M.
1
Sarr, M., M. Ba, B. Camara et. al.
1
Sasser S,Varghese M, Kellermann A, Lormand JD.
1
Save the Children
1
Schieffelin, JS.
1
Scientific Electronic Library Online
1
Scientific Electronic Library Online SciELO
1
See text
1
Seung Hee Lee-Kwan, et al.
1
Shears, Paul, T.J.D. O'Dempsey
1
Sheila Nainan Myatra, Naveen Salins, Shivakumar Iyer, et al.
1
SIAPS
1
SIERRA LEONE NURSES ASSOCIATION
1
Sightsavers, Department for International Development, The International Trachoma Initiative , et al.
1
Sigridur B.Thormar
1
Silvia Dallatomasina, et al.
1
Smiletrainafrica
1
Smithsonian Alerts
1
Sociedad Boliviana de Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva
1
Sociedad Boliviana de Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva/ Ministerio de Salud Bolivia
1
Societé francaise d'anesthésie et de réanimation (SFAR)
1
Société canadienne de soins intensifs (SCSI), Association canadienne des médecins d’urgence (ACMU), Association pour la microbiologie médicale et l’infectiologie Canada (AMMI)
1
SODIS Sauberes Trinkwasser für alle
1
SODIS Solar Water Disinfection
1
SODIS, Antenna Water
1
Solidarités International
1
South Africa's Dept. of Health
1
SOUTH AFRICAN ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME (SAASP)
1
South African Malaria Elimination Committee (SAMC)
1
South African Nursing Council
1
Spearman, CWN
1
Springer
1
Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH
1
Standford University
1
State Goverment Victoria
1
Stefan Mauss, et al.
1
Stefan Mauss, Thomas Berg, Jürgen Rockstroh et al.
1
Stephen Graham, Malgosia Grzemska, Suzanne Hill et al
1
Stephen M. Ellis
1
STEPS Centre, Institute of Development Studies
1
Stop TB
1
Suárez, C., Nolder, D., García-Mingo, A. et al.
1
Superior Health Council
1
T. Boyles, M. Mendelson
1
Tambo, Ernest
1
Tanzania Food & Drugs Authority (TFDA)
1
Tasker, A.
1
TB CTA Coalition
1
TB/CTA
1
TDR
1
Tefera, S.
1
Teferi, M.
1
Teleducacion Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia
1
The Alliance for children protection in humanitarian action
1
The Cater Center
1
The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
1
The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
1
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
1
The National Academies
1
The National Institute for Communicable Diseases
1
The National Institute For Communicable Diseases, South Africa
1
The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Zambia
1
The New England Journal of Medicine
1
The Republic of Malawi
1
The Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa
1
The Swedish Veterinary Association SVS
1
Theo Smart
1
Therapeutic advances in infectious disease
1
Tirados, I.
1
Tjaden, N.B.
1
Torres, A.
1
Tzani M., Barrasa, A., Vakali, A. et al.
1
U.S Department of health and human service
1
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
1
U.S. Department of Human Services
1
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
1
Uganda Society of AnaesthesiaAssociation of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and IrelandWorld Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists
1
UN Children's Fund
1
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
1
UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster, Health Cluster
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
1
UNAIDS | GAMET
1
UNHCR
1
UNICEF, WHO, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNDP, UNAIDS, WFP
1
UNICEF, World Health Organisation (WHO)
1
UNIECF
1
UNITAID Secretariat, World Health Organization
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS)
1
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
1
University of Cambridge
1
University of Jordan
1
University of Nairobi
1
University of Oslo
1
Updated by J.Lees
1
Uppsala Universitet
1
UpToDate
1
V. Parikh
1
V. Tucci
1
V.N. Nguyen
1
Vale, GA et al.
1
Van de Voorde, P.
1
Varkey, B.
1
Vitillo, B.
1
Walker, N.F.
1
Wamai, R.
1
Wasserman, S.
1
Weiss, A.
1
Western Cape Government (health)
1
WHO Collaborating Centre for Capacity Building and Research in Community-based Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
1
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
1
WHO SEARO/Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
1
WHO South-East Asia New Delhi
1
WHO Western Pacific, Manila, and WHO South-East Asia, New Delhi
1
WHO, EHT, CPR
1
WHO, International Cooperation of Midwifes
1
WHO, Pan American Health Organization
1
WHO, Unicef
1
WHO/International Society of Radiology
1
Women for Global Health WGH
1
Word Health Organization
1
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office of the Western Pacific
1
World Health Organisation (WHO), Ministry of Health Nepal
1
World Health Organisation (WHO), Regional Office for Eastern Management
1
World Health Organisation Zimbabwe
1
World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
1
World Health Organization - Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization Regional
1
World Health Organization WHO and Internationl Federation of the Red Cross ICRC
1
World Health Organization WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, India
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Western Pacific
1
World Health Organization WHO, SEARO
1
World Health Organization, Imperial College London
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office Africa
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranen
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization, Western Pacific Office
1
World Health Organization, Western Pacific Region
1
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Organisation for Animal Health
1
Worldometer
1
Xiaoxu Wu, Yongmei Lu, Sen Zhou et al.
1
Y.-H. Jin
1
Yale, G.
1
Yawalker, S.
1
Yotsu,R.R.
1
Yuen K. Y.
1
Z.-S. Cheng
1
Zaidel, E.J.
1
Ziaggi, G.
1
Zifodaya, J.
1
Александрович Ю.С., Алексеева Е.И., Бакрадзе М.Д., et al.
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (Eвропейское)
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ)
1
Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации
1
Publication Years
2020-2024
1067
2010-2019
177
Category
Guidelines
172
COVID-19
135
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
51
Surgery & Anaesthesia
38
Women & Child Health
33
Disease Prevention & Control
32
Studies & Reports
31
Capacity Building
31
Policies
27
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
20
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
20
Pediatrics
18
Neonatal Care
18
TB
18
Drugs & Medical Equipment
17
NTDs & Others
14
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
13
Diarrhoeal Disease/Cholera
12
Clinical Guidelines
12
Humanitarian Crisis
12
Maternal Health
12
Vector Control
11
General Guidelines
11
Paediatrics
10
Malaria
10
MPOX - Monkeypox
9
HIV & STI
9
Disaster Preparedness
8
Countries
8
Hemorrhagic Fever
8
Community Health
8
Other
8
Parasitology
8
Rabies
7
Bacteriology
7
Virology
7
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
7
Leprosy
7
Communicable Diseases
7
Immunization
6
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
6
Dengue
6
Water
6
Communicable Diseases
5
Clinical Training
5
Hepatitis
5
Public Health
5
Hand Hygiene
5
Dermatology
5
General Guidelines
5
Respiratory Infections
5
Buruli Ulcer
4
Chagas
4
NCD
4
Palliative Care
4
WASH
4
Leprosy
4
Non-communicable Diseases
4
Yaws
3
Palliative Care
3
Snakebites
3
Medical Devices & Equipment
3
Yellow Fever
3
Quality Control & Assurance
3
Needs Assessment
3
Women & Child Health
3
Leishmaniasis
3
Reproductive Health
3
Dental & Eye Care
2
Digital Health
2
Child Health
2
Humanitarian Aid
2
Maternal & Child Health
2
Public Health
2
Sexual Violence
2
Humanitarian Aid
2
Health System Strengthening
2
Child protection
2
Disabilities
2
Health Systems
2
Radiology and Diagnostic
2
Emergency Health Kits
1
Pharmacy & Technology
1
Diabetes
1
Hematology
1
Schistosomiasis
1
Cancer
1
Laboratory Waste
1
Breast Cancer
1
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
1
Cardiovascular Diseases
1
Statistics
1
COPD/Asthma
1
Female Genital Mutilation
1
Laboratory Quality Assurance
1
Age & Elderly
1
Key Resources
1
Toolboxes
Country specific documents
99
Infection Control General
53
Clinical Guidelines
49
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
23
IPC
22
Infection Control
21
Assessment & Studies
20
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
19
Diagnostics & Laboratory Guidance
18
Surveillance & Contact tracing
18
Context, Facts & Travel Advice
17
Prevention & Preparedness
17
For Health Worker
17
Surveillance
15
Preparedness & Prevention
15
Public Health
14
Outbreak Prevention & Control
12
Cholera Prevention & Control
12
Treatment Guidelines
11
Influenza Prevention & Control
10
Context & Facts, Travel Advice
10
For General Public & Community
10
Resuscitation
10
Germany
10
Treatment Guidelines
9
Infection Prevention & Hygiene
9
Oxygen Therapy
9
MPOX - Monkeypox
9
Plague Prevention & Control
9
Surveillance
8
Ebola Prevention & Control
8
Prevention & Control
8
Adults
8
Medical & Community Masks
8
Intensive Care Unit
8
MPOX - Monkeypox
8
Detection & Diagnosis
8
Plague Situation Reports
7
Key Resources
7
Social Mobilisation
7
Training
7
Laboratory
7
For Pregnant Women
7
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
7
War Surgery & Wound Care
7
TB & Prisoners
7
Roadmaps, Action Plans & Policies
7
TB
7
Gynaecology / Obstetrics
6
Clinical Aspects
6
Communication & Training
6
Prevention & Control
6
Children
6
Training, others
6
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
6
Essential Medicines & Medical Devices
6
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)
6
Rational use of Medicine
6
Infectious Diseases
6
Health Impact & Climate Change
6
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
6
Training Material
6
Drug resistant TB
6
Neurological Disorders
6
Testing Guidelines
6
Meningitis & Encephalitis
6
Policies & Strategies
5
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
5
Climate & Health
5
Context & Facts
5
COVID-19
5
Paediatrics
5
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
5
Access & Strategy
5
Others
5
Handbooks & Manuals
5
Nurses
5
Essential Medicines
5
Essential Medicines & Devices Lists
5
Pediatrics
5
Surgery
5
Prevention & Measures
5
MPOX -Monkeybox Prevention & Control
5
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
5
Clinical Guidelines
5
Miscellaneous
5
Public Health Administration
5
Laboratory Guidance
4
Yellow Fever Prevention & Control
4
Surgery & Rehabilitation
4
Plague
4
Surveillance
4
Training Material
4
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
4
Standard Precautions
4
TB & Other Vulnerable Populations
4
Clinical Guidelines
4
Gender Aspects
4
Presentation
4
Hygiene
4
Others
4
General documents One Health
4
Chagas
4
Leptospirosis
4
Contact Tracing
4
Assessment & Response
4
Disease Prevention & Control
4
Training
4
Zika Prevention & Control
4
WASH
4
South-east Asia Region
4
Preparedness & Prevention
4
Clinical Guidelines
3
Meningitis Prevention & Control
3
Faith-based Organizations
3
Treatment & Prevention
3
Hand Hygiene
3
Country specific
3
Children & Adolescents
3
South Africa
3
Opportunistic Infections
3
Influenza
3
Infection Control
3
Training Manuals
3
Research
3
Country Guidelines
3
Manual & Leaflet
3
Epilepsy
3
Clinical Aspects
3
Poster & Infographics
3
For Migrants & Refugees
3
Simulations
3
Appeals and Response Plans
3
Prison & Detention
3
Child Protection
3
Camps and Camp-like Settings
3
Scientific & Research Studies
3
Physical Distancing
3
Environmental NPIs
3
Long COVID/ Post-COVID Syndrome
3
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
3
Zoonoses
3
Studies & Reports
3
Studies & Reports
3
Overview, Studies & Reports
3
Vector control
3
Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)
3
General
3
Technical Information
3
Poster
3
Technical Information
3
Travel Medicine
3
IEC
3
Clinical Guidelines
3
Context & Facts
3
Chikungunya
3
Kenya
3
Volunteers
3
Public Health
3
Capacity Building
3
Health Systems
2
Childhood TB
2
TB & Drug Abuse
2
Agriculture & Veterinary
2
Clinical Aspects, Treatment & Prevention
2
Chemical Attacks
2
Vaccines & Immunization
2
Yellow Fever
2
Violence & Protection
2
Pediatrics
2
WASH
2
Assessment & Response
2
Dengue
2
Hepatitis
2
Namibia
2
Stroke
2
Others
2
IACAPAP International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions
2
Vaccination
2
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
2
Ebola
2
GO pre-deployment training
2
Laboratory & Sampling
2
Medical professionals
2
International
2
Situation Reports & Updates
2
Studies
2
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
2
Online Courses & Resources
2
Hand Hygiene
2
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
2
Covid-19 & the One Health Approach
2
Educational Settings
2
Workplace
2
HIV and COVID-19
2
COVID-19
2
Coping with Stress
2
Vaccine Candidates & Research
2
Immunization Guidelines
2
Long-term Care Facilities
2
TB/COVID-19
2
SARS-CoV-2 Variants
2
Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines
2
Palliative Care
2
Pocket Cards
2
Planetary Health
2
Model Formulary
2
Traditional & Herbal Medicines
2
Epilepsy
2
General Guidelines for Rational Use
2
Guidelines & Manuals
2
General
2
Others
2
Water Pollution
2
Leishmaniasis
2
Capacity Building & Resources
2
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
2
Statistics & Facts
2
Studies & Reports
2
Studies & Reports
2
Studies & Reports
2
Patient Safety
2
Snakebite envenoming
2
Prevention & Strategies
2
Co-Morbidities (except TB)
2
Ghana
2
Protection
2
Prevention
2
Situation Reports & Updates
2
Context & Facts
2
Tuberculosis
2
Research & Access
2
Disaster Preparedness & Prevention
2
Uganda
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Chikungunya Prevention & Control
2
Cholera
2
Psychosocial Support
2
Paediatrics
2
HIV in Key Populations
2
Safe Burials
2
Public Health
2
Treatment & Clinical Management
2
Communication & Social Mobilisation
1
Rapid Response
1
Resource Platforms
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
ART Drug Resistance
1
Communication & Training
1
Male Circumcision
1
Children with Disabilities
1
HIV testing & services
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Moldova
1
Training
1
Europe
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Online Courses
1
Training
1
Hygiene
1
HIV surveillance
1
Epidemiology & Sitreps
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Prevention Guidelines
1
Dictionaries & Interpreting
1
Substance Use Disorders, Others
1
Children
1
Platforms and initiatives
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Social Worker
1
El Niño
1
TB
1
Studies & Reports
1
Rwanda
1
Ebola & Marburg
1
Travel Advice
1
Health & Refugee
1
Training Supporting Material mhGAP
1
Child Health / Pediatrics
1
Cholera
1
Workplace
1
HIV / AIDS
1
Stress
1
Reports
1
Manuals
1
Topics
1
General
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Universal Health Coverage UHC and 90-90-90 Strategy
1
Health Personnel
1
General
1
Livestock production
1
Public Health
1
Covid-19 & Climate Change
1
COVID-19 Information
1
For People with Disabilities
1
Dashboards & Maps
1
For Older People
1
Information for the Public
1
Children
1
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS)
1
Health Care Professionals & Spirituality
1
Infographics for Health Worker
1
General
1
Children & Mental Health
1
Blood Supply
1
Situation Reports COVID-19
1
RCCE Guides & Manuals
1
Communication Material
1
Ebola Treatment Center
1
TB/HIV
1
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
1
Logistics & Supply
1
Genomic sequencing
1
COVAX Initiative
1
Structural Violence
1
Vaxzevria (Astra Zeneca)
1
Sputnik V
1
Covaxin
1
Research & Pipeline
1
Others
1
Online Courses
1
Primary Care
1
Ethics
1
Studies & Reports
1
Community Health Workers CHW
1
Overview
1
Other Countries
1
Triage
1
Wound management
1
Pharmacy Practice
1
Supply Chain & Store Management
1
Strategies
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Women & Maternal Health
1
Cancer
1
Agriculture incl. animal husbandry
1
Disaster, Migration and Conflict
1
Pharmacovigilance
1
Waste Managment
1
Information Refugees Ukraine
1
Heat
1
General
1
COVID-19
1
Nuclear & Chemical Hazards
1
Emergency health kits
1
Emergency health kits
1
Health Care In Conflict Settings
1
Best Practice Examples
1
NTDs
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Information & Education Material (IEC)
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Prevention & Control
1
Information & Education Material (IEC)
1
NTDs General
1
Mycetoma, Chromoblastomycosis & other deep mycosis
Vaccins antirabiques: Note de synthèse de l’OMS – avril 2018
Weekly epidemiological record / Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire
20 APRIL 2018, 93th YEAR / 20 AVRIL 2018, 93e ANNÉE
An estimated 59 000 people die from rabies each year. That’s one person every nine minutes of every day, 40% of whom are children living in Asia and Africa. As dog bites cause almost all human cases, we can prevent rabies deaths by increasing awareness, vaccinating dogs to prevent the disease at i...ts source and administering life-saving treatment after people have been bitten. We have the vaccines, medicines, tools and technologies to prevent people from dying from dog-mediated rabies. For a relatively low cost it is possible to break the disease cycle and save livesmore
A. PiubelloThe International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
(2018)
A practical tool to help health workers in the clinical and operational management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with special focus on the introduction, implementation and management of the nine-month treatment regimen.
Key facts about major deadly diseases.This manual provides concise and up-to-date knowledge on 15 infectious diseases that have the potential to become international threats, and tips on how to respond to each of them.
You can download an interactive version directly at the website
http://www.who....int/emergencies/diseases/managing-epidemics/en/
more
This document provides guidance for countries on how to implement activities to achieve the interruption of yaws transmission. It is intended for use by national yaws eradication programmes, partners involved in the implementation of yaws eradication activities and WHO technical staff who provide te...chnical support to countries in the eradication of yaws.more
K. AsieduWorld Health Organisation (WHO)
(2018)
C_WHO
This document sets out the criteria and procedures to be followed by countries in verifying the interruption of yaws transmission. It is intended for use by international verification teams, national yaws eradication programmes and WHO technical staff involved in the eradication of yaws.
This WHO information note provides an updated list of recommended criteria for selecting RDTs for malaria, and highlights the performance of RDTs evaluated by the WHO malaria RDT product testing programme. It also provides an overview of additional considerations in the procurement of rapid tests.
Overview: Risk communication and community engagement are essential for any disease outbreak response. This is particularly critical during outbreaks of Ebola which may create fear in the public and frontline responders alike due to severe presentation of symptoms, misunderstanding of the causes of ...illness and high fatality rates. This document outlines some of the key considerations for risk communication and community engagement response to Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Ebola outbreaks have been associated with misinformation and false rumours. In the context of RCCE, rumours refer to unsubstantiated information, claims or beliefs about what is causing the disease or how it can be treated/cured. If not proactively addressed in culturally appropriate ways, misinformation and rumours can lead to the further rapid spread of the disease and unnecessary deaths, severe disease, suffering, and societal and economic loss.
The publication includes a 'Rumour Tracking Tool' (Annex II).more
Nature Reviews Microbiology Vol. 17 (2019)pp.51-62
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) technologies help to accelerate the
initiation of targeted antimicrobial therapy for patients with infections and could potentially
extend the lifespan of current narrow- spectrum antimicrobials. Althoug...h conceptually new and
rapid AST technologies have been described, including new phenotyping methods, digital
imaging and genomic approaches, there is no single major, or broadly accepted, technological
breakthrough that leads the field of rapid AST platform developmentmore
A role for nuclear techniques
Antimicrobials play a critical role in the treatment of human and animal (aquatic and terrestrial) diseases, which has led to their widespread application and use. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to stop an antibiotic, such as an antimic...robial, antiviral or antimalarial, from working against them. Globally, about 700 000 deaths per year arise from resistant infections as a result of the fact that antimicrobial drugs have become less effective at killing resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial chemicals that are present in environmental compartments can trigger the development of AMR. These chemicals can also cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to further spread antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) because they may have an evolutionary advantage over non-resistant bacteria.more
This publication describes an arduous campaign to tackle the use of antimicrobials - specifically antibiotics - in the Danish swine-producing sector thanks to the collaboration between the regulatory sector within the Ministry of Environment and Food, private veterinary practitioners and swine produ...cers. The document is a retrospective tribute to all those who had the foresight to make significant changes to ensure consumer protection - improving hygiene at primary sites, developing options for intervention, identifying sites for intervention, setting targets, restructuring the relationship between the veterinary services and farmers, and implementing changes in behaviour for greatest impactmore
These guidelines form part of efforts to institutionalise the prevention and containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in health care facilities in South Africa, as outlined in the Antimicrobial Resistance Strategic Framework and Implementation Plan. The focus of these guidelines is on two inte...rrelated aspects of prevention of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and their spread; and the application of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices at hospital level.more
The animal health subsector within the agriculture sector is the gatekeeper of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock, aquaculture, animal products, and the immediate animal environment. In support of member countries taking responsibility for and moving forward with putting AMR monitoring and ...surveillance in place for the animal sector, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO-RAP) developed a regional AMR surveillance framework, each pillar of which is complemented by a guideline to reinforce its progressive implementation. The first of this series, Volume 1: Monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from healthy food animals intended for consumption, is centered on healthy animals reaching consumers and on the protection of public health.more
NdOH South AfricaNational Department of Health South Africa
(2018)
C1
These guidelines form part of efforts to institutionalize the prevention and containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in healthcare facilities in South Africa, as outlined in the Antimicrobial Resistance Strategic Framework and Implementation Plan. The focus of these guidelines is on two interr...elated aspects of prevention of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and their spread; and the application of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices at hospital level. They aim to serve as a practical, step-by-step or ‘how-to’ guide, addressing the infection prevention and AMS components of a robust response in a hospital. They draw on
evidence from various international guidance documents and standards for interventions that have been shown to be successful in infection
prevention and AMS programmes. These interventions have been customised to the South African hospital setting based on local
experiences in the public and private health sectors. This was done through a series of workshops and requests for comment involving
country-level experts.more
These guidelines are based on the 3rd Edition of the WHO Guidelines (Published 2015) World Health Organization’s Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Additional literature surveys have been undertaken. Factors that were considered in the choice of therapeutic options included effectiveness, sa...fety, and impact on malaria transmission and on the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance. On-going surveillance is critical given the spread of artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia, although not yet confirmed anywhere in Africa. The guidelines on the treatment of malaria in South Africa aim to facilitate effective, appropriate and timeous treatment of malaria, thereby reducing the burden of this disease in our communities. This is essential to further reduce the malaria case fatality rates currently recorded in South Africa, to decrease malaria transmission and to limit resistance to antimalarial drugs.more
Monkeypox is an emerging viral zoonosis with symptoms similar to those observed in smallpox patients, although less severe. Since the global eradication of smallpox in 1980, monkeypox has emerged as the most important orthopoxvirus in humans. The Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research (ACVVR) ...which meets annually to oversee smallpox research has highlighted the importance of diagnostics that could distinguish between variola and other strains of orthopoxviruses, including monkeypox virus. The ACVVR encourages the positive effects of current smallpox research on all orthopoxviruses, specifically monkeypox, such as the development of diagnostic tools.more
Epidemics of infectious diseases are occurring more often, and spreading faster and further than ever, in many different regions of the world. The background factors of this threat are biological, environmental and lifestyle changes, among others. A potentially fatal combination of newly-discovered ...diseases, and the re-emergence of many long-established ones, demands urgent responses in all countries. Planning and preparation for epidemic prevention and control are essential. The purpose of this “Managing epidemics” manual is to provide expert guidance on those responses.more