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Population and Individual Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Diabetes and Obesity

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2011) C_WHO

Obesity and diabetes are affecting the peoples of the Americas at high and increasing rates. National surveys demonstrate that obesity is increasing in prevalence among all age groups; 7% to 12% of children under 5 years old and one-fi fth of adolescents are obese, while rates of overweight and obe... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in 20 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiologic (PURE) study

Rosengren, A.; Smyth, A.; Rangarajan, S. et al. The Lancet Global Health (2019) CC

Socioeconomic status is associated with differences in risk factors for cardiovascular disease incidence and outcomes, including mortality. However, it is unclear whether the associations between cardiovascular disease and common measures of socioeconomic status—wealth and education—differ among... more

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Leptospirosis in sugarcane plantation and fishing communities in Kagera northwestern Tanzania

Mgode, G.; Japhary, M.; Mhamphi, G. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2019) CC

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of worldwide importance, though relatively neglected in many African countries including sub Saharan Africa that is among areas with high burden of this disease. The disease is often mistaken for other febrile illnesses such as dengue, malaria, rickettsi... more

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Global mortality of snakebite envenoming between 1990 and 2019

Nature Communications (2022) CC

Snakebite envenoming affects millions of people worldwide annually and is a significant source of mortality. Preventing and treating the problem is complex and requires collaboration among the fields of public health, medicine, ecology, and laboratory science. After being removed from the category A... more

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Transforming APOC into a new regional entity for Oncho & LF elimination and support to other PC/NTD

World Health Organization WHO; African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control APOC (2013) C_WHO

In May the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA66.12 (1) on 17 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Among other measures, the resolution urges Member States to: • ensure country ownership of prevention, control, elimination and eradication programmes; • expand and implemen... more

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Investing in drug-resistant tuberculosis household contact management and preventive treatment

Hussain.H.; Malik, A. A. The Lancet (2022) CC

Preventing tuberculosis infection from progressing to tuberculosis disease is a crucial component of the goal to eliminate tuberculosis. When deciding on the use of tuberculosis preventive therapy among household contacts, policy makers regularly ask questions, such as whether tuberculosis preventiv... more

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Strengthening mental health responses to COVID-19 in the Americas: A health policy analysis and recommendations

A. Tausch; Oliveira e Souza, R.; Martinez Viciana, C.; et al. Pan American Health Organization (2021) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a major impact on the mental health of populations in the Americas. Studies show high rates of depression and anxiety, among other psychological symptoms, particularly among women, young people, those with pre-existing mental health conditions, health workers, and p... more

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Implementation Framework & Clinical Guidance for Viral Hepatitis Prevention & Treatment 2019

Ministry of Health, Zambia (2020) CC

The Zambia Population Based HIV impact assessment of 2016, reported the prevalence of viral hepatitis in Zambia as ranging between 5.6% among adults aged 15 to 59% in the general population, and 7.1% among HIV infected individuals. It is estimated that the majority of persons with chronic hepatitis ... more

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Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic tests to detect Schistosoma mansoni infections in school children in Mwanza Region, Tanzania

Fuss, A.; H.D. Mazigo; D. Tappe, C.Kasang, A. Mueller (2018) CC

PLoS ONE 13(8): e0202499. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202499 This was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 among 305 school children aged 7–16 years from two primary schools located in Ilemela and Magu Districts, north-western Tanzania. Single stool and urine samples w... more

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Air pollution and diabetes: it's time to get active!

O'Donovan, G.; Cadena-Gaitán, C. (2018) CC

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancers, and other non-communicable diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, and The Lancet Taskforce recently made the case for investing in non-... more

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Effect of Music Intervention on the Behaviour Disorders of Children with Intellectual Disability using Strategies from Applied Behaviour Analysis

Ritu Kalgotra, Jaspal Singh Warwal Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ) (2017) CC

The effect of music intervention on mild and moderate Intellectually disabled children was studied in non-randomized pre-test post-test control group design at an Indian state (Jammu) J&K

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HIV and migrants Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2017 progress report

T. Noori European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C2

Special Report This report of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Teymur Noori, with technical support from Andrew J. Amato-Gauci, Anastasia Pharris, Jan C. Semenza, Denis Coulombier and Piotr Kramarz.

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Continuum of HIV care Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2017 progress report

T. Noori European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C2

Special Report This report of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Teymur Noori. Report review was provided by Andrew J. Amato-Gauci, Anastasia Pharris, Annabelle Gourlay, Amanda Mocroft, Jan C. Semenza, Denis Coulombier and Piotr Kramarz.

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Sustaining Effective Coverage for HIV, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in the Context of Transition in Kenya

Chaitkin, Michael; O’Connell, Meghan Results for Development (R4D) (2017) C1

The report explores strategies for sustaining the country’s responses to the three diseases and eventually transitioning away from external funding and programmatic support. It takes stock of Kenya’s health financing landscape and identifies opportunities and challenges for sustaining effective ... more

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New HIV testing technologies in the context of a concentrated epidemic and evolving HIV prevention (Yangon)

Wirtz, Andrea L.; Clouse, Emily; Veronese, Vanessa et al. (2017) CC

Journal of the International AIDS Society, Volume 20, Issue 1 (2017)21796
Qualitative research on HIV self testing among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Yangon, Mynamar.
Global effort to increase early diagnosis and engagement in HIV care emphasize the importance ... more

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The Adolescent Brain: A second window of opportunity

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2017)

The articles in this compendium elaborate on some of the ideas shared at the symposium. Together, they provide a broad view of the dynamic interactions among physical, sexual and brain development that take place during adolescence. They highlight some of the risks to optimal development – includi... more

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Bangladesh: PROFILE OF PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PREVENTION AND CARE

Every Preemie—SCALE (2017) C2

The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk factors to target and gaps in care in order to identify and impleme... more

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Senegal: PROFILE OF PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PREVENTION AND CARE

Every Preemie—SCALE (2017) C2

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Zambia: PROFILE OF PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PREVENTION AND CARE

Every Preemie—SCALE (2017) C2