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FAQs: Waste Management for COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings for Africa
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) CC

Health care waste can be difficult to treat and dispose of safely. The environmental and health impacts of waste put extra pressure on resources. Therefore, it is important to try and reduce the quantities of waste wherever possible. Ensure waste is segregated properly at the point of disposal. It i... more

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Prison Health Care in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland

M. Mac Donald The European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (2001) C2

HEUNI Paper No. 16

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Public Health Emergency Operations Center (PHEOC) Legal Framework Guide

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC

A public health emergency operation center (PHEOC) serves as a hub for better coordinating the preparation, response, and recovery for public health emergencies. A functional PHEOC is critical for the implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005). The Framework for a Public Healt... more

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Income loss and food security during the pandemic

Partnership for Evidence-Based Response to COVID-19 (PERC) African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; Ipsos; et al. (2021) CC

Key findings from a February 2021 survey from the Partnership for Evidence-Based Response to COVID-19 (PERC)

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Statement of guidance and recommendations to African Union Member States on the epidemic modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) C1

Many African countries were amongst the most rapid to respond to the emerging threat of COVID-19, implementing large-scale interventions at very early stages of their epidemic. As demonstrated in this document using very simple models, this rapid mobilization and timeliness of implementing control m... more

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Reproductive Health Assessment Toolkit for Conflict-Affected Women (Cover)

Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, (2007)

This is only the cover of the book. Download the whole Toolkit at: www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/Refugee/ Understanding the reproductive health needs of conflict-affected women will enable organizations to implement and enhance programs and services to improve the health of women and their fam... more

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Strategy for a globally coordinated response to a priority neglected tropical disease: Snakebite envenoming

Williams, D.; Faiz, M.; Abela-Ridder, B. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2019) CC

In one of his final essays, statesman and former United Nations secretary general Kofi Annan said, ‘Snakebite is the most important tropical disease you’ve never heard of’. Mr. Annan firmly believed that victims of snakebite envenoming should be recognised and afforded greater efforts at impro... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Orientação para a saúde mental e apoio psicossocial para a COVID-19
recommended

Africa CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) CC

Este documento fornece orientações aos Estados-Membros da União Africana sobre considerações fundamentais em matéria de saúde mental e apoio psicossocial (MHPSS) em relação à pandemia de coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19). Contém orientações úteis sobre o MHPSS para a comunidade, profissi... more

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Africa CDC Event-based Surveillance Resources

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2023) CC

2nd edition. The Event-based Surveillance Framework is intended to be used by authorities and agencies responsible for surveillance and response. This framework serves as an outline to guide stakeholders interested in implementing event-based surveillance (EBS) using a multisectoral, One Health appr... more

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Continental Framework on Strengthening Mortality Surveillance Systems in Africa

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The importance of robust mortality surveillance systems cannot be overstated in an era marked by increasing global health challenges where health threats loom large and population dynamics continue to evolve. Accurate and timely mortality data is essential for identifying trends and detecting emergi... more

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Cadre continental sur le renforcement des systèmes de surveillance de la mortalité en Afrique

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

L'importance de systèmes de surveillance de la mortalité robustes ne peut être surestimée à une époque marquée par des défis sanitaires mondiaux croissants, où les menaces sanitaires pèsent lourd et la dynamique des populations continue d'évoluer. Des données précises et opportunes sur ...la mortalité sont essentielles pour identifier les tendances et détecter les menaces émergentes pour la santé, évaluer l'impact des interventions et orienter les décisions politiques fondées sur des données probantes. Ce cadre décrit une approche holistique pour renforcer les systèmes de surveillance de routine de la mortalité, en tenant compte des facteurs contextuels uniques et des défis auxquels sont confrontés les pays africains. Il souligne l'importance d'établir des mécanismes de collecte de données efficaces, d'améliorer la qualité et l'exhaustivité des données et de promouvoir le partage des données et la collaboration entre les parties prenantes. De plus, le cadre reconnaît le rôle central de la technologie dans l'intégration des données provenant de sources de données fragmentées sur la mortalité. Il met en évidence le potentiel des méthodes innovantes de capture de données, des analyses avancées et des systèmes de notification en temps réel pour améliorer la précision, l'efficacité et l'actualité des données sur la mortalité. Le cadre continental de surveillance de la mortalité s'aligne sur la mission et l'objectif stratégique d'Africa CDC en servant d'élément fondamental dans le renforcement des systèmes de santé publique, l'amélioration des capacités et des capacités de surveillance des maladies, l'élaboration de politiques et d'interventions fondées sur des données probantes et la promotion de la collaboration et de la coordination entre les pays africains pour relever les défis sanitaires et améliorer les résultats sanitaires sur le continent. La mise en œuvre réussie de ce cadre nécessite un engagement collectif et des efforts concertés de la part des gouvernements, des établissements de santé et de la communauté internationale. Nous espérons que ce document servira de catalyseur pour un changement transformateur, permettant aux pays de mettre en place des systèmes de surveillance de la mortalité résilients qui protègent la santé publique, sauvent des vies et contribuent à la prise de décision fondée sur des données probantes. more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Redefining the Antibiotic Stewardship Team

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, American Nurses Association ANA (2017) C_CDC

Recommendations from the American Nurses Association/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workgroup on the Role of Registered Nurses in Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Practices

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Medical PPE production in Africa: Promoting Local Manufacturers to support the COVID-19 Response (Workshop report)

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C1

The global pandemic has highlighted fragility in international supply chains and the dependency of many African countries on imported personal protective equipment (PPE). Market pressures have also increased prices for imported supplies and put additional pressure on areas with limited resources for... more

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Matière de Santé Reproductive: Priorités stratégiques 2022-2026

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023) CC

En 2006, la session extraordinaire des ministres de la Santé de l’Union africaine a adopté le Plan d’action de Maputo pour la mise en œuvre du cadre politique continental sur la santé et les droits sexuels et reproductifs (SDSR), qui a expiré fin 2015. L’objectif était que toutes les pa... more

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Poliomyelitis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2011)

Pink Book's chapter

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Africa CDC Reproductive Health | Strategic Priorities 2022-2026

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023) CC

In 2006, the Special Session of African Union Health Ministers adopted the Maputo Plan of Action for implementing the Continental Policy Framework on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), which expired at the end of 2015. The goal was for all stakeholders and partners to join forces and ... more

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Rapid Response to Ebola Outbreaks in Remote Areas — Liberia, July–November 2014

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2015)

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR):

FAQs: Waste Management for COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings for Africa recommended

Orientação para a saúde mental e apoio psicossocial para a COVID-19 recommended

FAQs: Waste Management for COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings for Africa
recommended

Orientação para a saúde mental e apoio psicossocial para a COVID-19
recommended