Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread to all regions of WHO in recent years. Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Ae. albopictus. These mosquitoes are also vectors of chikungunya, yellow fever and Zik...a viruses. Dengue is widespread throughout the tropics, with local variations in risk influenced by climate parameters as well as social and environmental factors.
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Zika and dengue viruses remain significant public health threats. These viruses share the same Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquito vectors and geographic distributions but infections cannot be readily distinguished clinically and need to be differentiated from each other, and from other circulating arboviral... and non-arboviral pathogens, using laboratory tests. This document provides guidance on current testing strategies for Zika and dengue virus infections with updates to the previous interim guidance for laboratory testing for ZIKV, addressing pregnant and non-pregnant patients respectively, and incorporates current guidance for dengue virus diagnostic testing. The choice of laboratory assays and interpretation of test results require careful consideration of epidemiology, patient history, and limitations of existing diagnostic tests.
This interim guidance is for use by staff of laboratories testing for Zika and dengue virus infections and for clinical practitioners and public health professionals providing clinical management or surveillance.
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3 August 2021- Gatherings are events characterized by the concentration of people at a specific location for a specific purpose over a set period of time.
The aim of this policy brief is to present WHO’s position on, and guidance in relation to, holding gatherings during the COVID-19 pandemic. It... is intended for policy-makers; the information is derived from WHO publications and on a review of evidence extracted from the scientific literature.
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13 July 2021. Eid al Adha is a festival during which Muslim families and friends unite to pray together and give alms, especially in the form of sacrificed animal meat. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this document highlights public health advice for social gatherings and religious practices that... can be applied across different national contexts.
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Ce rapport identifie les principales lacunes mondiales dans les services WASH : un tiers des établissements de santé ne dispose pas des installations de lavage des mains nécessaires sur les lieux de soins ; un établissement sur quatre n’a pas de services de base pour l’approvisionnement en e...au, et un sur dix n’a pas de services d’assainissement. Cela signifie qu’1,8 milliard de personnes utilisent des installations dépourvues de services de base pour l’approvisionnement en eau et 800 millions des installations sans toilettes. Dans les 47 pays les moins avancés du monde, le problème est encore plus grave : la moitié des établissements de santé ne dispose pas de services de base pour l’approvisionnement en eau. Qui plus est, l’ampleur du problème demeure méconnue car des lacunes importantes dans les données persistent, en particulier pour ce qui concerne le nettoyage de l’environnement.
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Lancet Public health 2022 January 6, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2468-2667(21)00249-8
Growth in the number of individuals living with dementia underscores the need for public health planning efforts and policy to address the needs of this group. Country-level estimates can be used to inform nati...onal planning efforts and decisions. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in research on biological mechanisms, will be key in addressing the expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia.
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Lancet Infect Dis 2022;
22: 222–4
The Interim Guidance for Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) outlines recommendations, considerations and methods to raise awareness, manage risk perception, maintain trust and proactively support people at risk to make informed decisions to protect themselves and others from monkeypo...x. The guidance includes recommendations on identifying and communicating with affected populations and key audiences and avoiding stigma in communications outreach. It also includes key messages about symptoms of monkeypox, transmission, prevention measures, and communicating about uncertainty. This document also provides RCCE guidance for managers and planners of gatherings and events, where close physical contact may create an environment conducive for the transmission of monkeypox. Additionally, this document includes a compendium of recommendations for RCCE methods and resources to support the monkeypox response.
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El objetivo de esta publicación es ofrecer un enfoque práctico y gradual para la aplicación de los planes de acción nacionales sobre la RAM en el sector de la salud humana; y proporcionar un proceso y una recopilación de las herramientas existentes de la OMS para priorizar, costear, aplicar, su...pervisar y evaluar las actividades del plan de acción nacional. Los destinatarios de la publicación son las partes interesadas nacionales/subnacionales que trabajan en la RAM dentro del sector de la salud humana. Se trata de las autoridades sanitarias nacionales, los grupos de coordinación multisectorial nacionales, los expertos técnicos de alto nivel y los responsables de la formulación de políticas que participan en la ejecución de las actividades relativas a la RAM en todos los niveles del sistema de salud, y los asociados en la ejecución para acelerar la aplicación sostenible y el seguimiento y la evaluación de los planes de acción nacionales sobre la RAM.
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Update, 23 de junio de 2022
This collection of case studies on risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) from 18 different country/area level public health partners in the WHO European Region provides evidence of numerous results achieved and lessons learned since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. RCCE has not... traditionally been an area where evidence of challenges and solutions was documented. With this compendium, we wanted to collect and share this evidence to support decision-making in this area of work.
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La sécurité des patients est un principe fondamental des soins de santé. Plusieurs pays à revenu élevé ont publié des études montrant que les soins de santé causent des préjudices à un grand nombre de patients, et que ces préjudices peuvent entraîner des séquelles durables, des durées... d’hospitalisation plus longues, voire la mort
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En la actualidad, las guías basadas en la evidencia constituyen una de las herramientas más útiles para mejorar la salud pública y la práctica clínica. Su finalidad es formular intervenciones con sólidas pruebas de eficacia, evitar riesgos innecesarios, utilizar los recursos de forma eficient...e, disminuir la variabilidad clínica y, en esencia, mejorar la salud y garantizar una atención de calidad, razón de ser de los sistemas y servicios de salud. Las presentes directrices se elaboraron siguiendo la metodología GRADE con el apoyo de un panel de expertos clínicos de distintos países, todos ellos convocados por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Por medio de la respuesta a doce preguntas clave sobre el diagnóstico clínico y el tratamiento del dengue, el chikunguña y el zika, se formulan recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para pacientes pediátricos, jóvenes, adultos, personas mayores y embarazadas expuestos a estas enfermedades o con sospecha o diagnóstico confirmado de infección. La finalidad de las directrices es evitar la progresión a las formas graves y a los eventos mortales que puedan causar. Las recomendaciones están dirigidas a profesionales de la salud, incluidos el personal médico general, residente y especialista; y los profesionales de enfermería, así como a estudiantes de medicina y enfermería, quienes de una u otra forma participan en la atención de pacientes con sospecha de dengue, chikunguña o zika. También se dirige a los administradores de las unidades de salud y a los equipos directivos de los programas nacionales de prevención y control de enfermedades arbovirales, quienes tienen la responsabilidad de facilitar el proceso de aplicación de estas directrices. Esperamos que esta publicación beneficie no solo al personal de salud, que dispondrá de información científica actualizada y de la mejor calidad posible, sino a los menores, los adultos, las embarazadas, las personas mayores y la población en general, quienes recibirán una mejor atención de salud prestada por personal médico debidamente capacitado.
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Revised and expanded version of the Guidelines
Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode
worms) of the genus Schistosoma. At least 249 million people required preventive treatment in
2012. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and
prevent morbidity.
Mettre en œuvre la gestion des risques
associés aux soins en établissement de santé
Des concepts à la pratique
Ce guide de référence a pour objectif d’expliquer en détail pourquoi la santé doit être intégrée dans la planification urbaine et territoriale et comment y parvenir. Il réunit deux éléments essentiels dont nous avons besoin pour construire des villes habitables sur une planète habitable... : les processus pour guider le développement des établissements humains — appelés dans cet ouvrage « Planification Urbaine et Territoriale » (PUT) ; et le souci de la santé humaine, du bien-être et de l’équité en matière de santé à tous les niveaux – du local au mondial et de la santé humaine à la santé planétaire.
Ce guide de référence identifie une sélection complète de ressources et d’outils existants pour soutenir l’intégration de la santé dans la PUT : notamment des activités de plaidoyers, des points d’entrées et des conseils, ainsi que des outils et des études de cas illustratifs. Toutefois, il ne fournit pas de prescriptions pour des scénarios spécifiques – ceux-ci doivent être déterminés par le contexte, les personnes et les ressources disponibles.
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Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic organisms belonging to the genus Leptospira, that are transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans. Leptospirosis is a major direct zoonosis. Humanto-human transmission occurs only very rarely.
The WHO continuously reviews available data on SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. For this version, the global epidemiological
situation of the COVID-19 pandemic as of 21 January 2022 – at a time when the Omicron VOC had been identified in 171
countries across all six WHO Regions and was rapidly re...placing Delta worldwide – was considered Omicron has a substantial growth advantage, higher secondary attack rates and a higher observed reproduction number than Delta.
There is now significant evidence that immune evasion contributes to the rapid spread of Omicron. Other factors may be a shorter
serial interval (by about 0.8 to 1.2 days compared to Delta) and potential increased intrinsic transmission fitness . There is
growing evidence that with Omicron, there is lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection and symptomatic disease soon after vaccination compared to Delta. There is also evidence of accelerated waning of VE over time of the primary series against infection and symptomatic disease for the studied vaccines. Further studies are required to better understand the drivers of transmission and declining incidence in various settings. These factors include the intrinsic transmission fitness properties of the virus, degree of immune evasion, vaccination coverage and level of vaccine-derived and post-infection immunity, levels of social mixing and degree of application of public health and social measures (PHSM).
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