Approximately 80% of the 463 million adults worldwide with diabetes live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). A major obstacle to designing evidence-based policies to improve diabetes outcomes in LMICs is the scarce availability of nationally representative data on the current patterns... of treatment coverage. The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of adults with diabetes in LMICs who receive coverage of recommended pharmacological and non-pharmacological diabetes treatment; and to describe country-level and individual-level characteristics that are associated with treatment.
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Diabetes mellitus has become a serious and chronic metabolic disorder that results from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, principally characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, and polyphagia. Uncontrolled high blood sugar can result in a host of diabetic complications. Prol...onged diabetes leads to serious complications some of which are life-threatening. The prevalence of diabetes patients is rising at epidemic proportions throughout the world. Every year, a major portion of the annual health budget is spent on diabetes and related illnesses. Multiple risk factors are involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease and turning the disease into an epidemic. Diabetes, for which there is no cure, apparently can be kept under control by maintaining self-care in daily living, effective diabetes education, with comprehensive improvements in knowledge, attitudes, skills, and management. In this review, we focused on the biochemical aspects of diabetes, risk factors including both environmental and genetic, disease complications, diagnosis, management, and currently available medications for the treatment of diabetes.
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The epidemiology of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is not well-characterized due to the historic focus on T1D as a childhood-onset disease.
Outdoor air pollution is one of the world's largest health and environmental problems. The Global Burden of Disease is a major global study on the causes and risk factors for death. These estimates of the annual number of deaths attributed to a wide range of risk factors are shown here. This chart i...s shown for the global total but can be explored for any country or region using the "change country or region" toggle.
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Physical activity plays an important role in the care
of people living type 2 diabetes. Regular physical
activity can help reduce some of the harmful
effects and slow or even reverse disease progression.
Being active can also reduce symptoms of depression
and anxiety, and enhance thinking, lear...ning, and
overall well-being. Conversely, too much sedentary
behaviour can be unhealthy.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on ambient (outdoor) air quality and health highlights the significant health risks posed by outdoor air pollution. It reports that in 2019, ambient air pollution was responsible for approximately 4.2 million premature deaths globally, primarily due to ...exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which leads to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as cancers. The fact sheet emphasizes that 99% of the global population lived in areas exceeding WHO air quality guidelines in 2019, with low- and middle-income countries bearing the highest burden. To mitigate these health impacts, WHO advocates for policies and investments that promote cleaner transportation, energy-efficient housing, improved waste management, and access to clean household energy.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on ambient (outdoor) air quality and health highlights the significant health risks posed by outdoor air pollution. It reports that in 2019, ambient air pollution was responsible for approximately 4.2 million premature deaths globally, primarily due to ...exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which leads to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as cancers. The fact sheet emphasizes that 99% of the global population lived in areas exceeding WHO air quality guidelines in 2019, with low- and middle-income countries bearing the highest burden. To mitigate these health impacts, WHO advocates for policies and investments that promote cleaner transportation, energy-efficient housing, improved waste management, and access to clean household energy.
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The webpage from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) focuses on the significant health impacts of air pollution in the Americas. It explains how exposure to air pollutants contributes to various health issues, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, leading to premature deaths. Th...e site highlights key sources of air pollution, such as vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and household energy use. PAHO emphasizes the need for effective public health policies, cross-sector collaboration, and sustainable practices to reduce pollution levels and protect public health in the region.
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The webpage from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) provides an analysis of air pollution as a significant global health risk. It details how air pollution contributes to severe health problems, including respiratory diseases and increased mortality rates. The site explains diffe...rent types of air pollution, such as ambient particulate matter and household air pollution, and their respective impacts on health. It emphasizes the global burden of disease caused by pollution, underscoring the importance of reducing exposure through policy and public health interventions to improve overall health outcomes.
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The document provides information on managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It emphasizes the importance of recognizing early symptoms such as persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. The guide offers practical advice, including quitting smoking, avoiding lung irritant...s, regular consultations with healthcare providers, and seeking support from friends and caregivers. It also highlights the value of preparing for medical visits, noting symptoms, understanding risk factors, and taking notes during appointments to maximize treatment effectiveness.
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The article from The Lancet Global Health discusses the "silent epidemic" of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Africa, emphasizing its status as an under-recognized yet significant health issue. Although COPD is the third leading cause of death globally, it remains largely overlooked i...n African countries. The article highlights studies indicating varying prevalence rates of COPD across sub-Saharan Africa, with major risk factors including tobacco smoking and biomass smoke exposure. The findings suggest that COPD in Africa often affects younger age groups (30–40 years), likely due to early exposure to biomass smoke. The author calls for better education and training for healthcare providers and urges policymakers to address COPD through improved surveillance and effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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The article discusses the challenges and opportunities for lung health in Africa in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the strain on healthcare systems, the increase in chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD, and the limited resources for managing these conditions. The pa...ndemic has exacerbated issues like delayed diagnosis and treatment, while also impacting child lung health and increasing risks for those with tuberculosis. It emphasizes the importance of leveraging global partnerships and strategies to improve healthcare infrastructure and response in Africa.
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The World Health Organization's fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - french version
The World Health Organization's fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - russian version
The World Health Organization's fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - spanish version
The document titled "Early Warning Signs of COPD" from the American Lung Association outlines what COPD is, its risk factors, and the importance of recognizing early symptoms such as persistent cough, breathlessness, and frequent chest infections. It emphasizes the need for early consultation with a... healthcare provider and diagnostic testing like spirometry to confirm COPD. Early diagnosis and treatment can help slow disease progression and improve quality of life.
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The document provides comprehensive guidance for people with COPD, covering treatment and medication management, oxygen therapy, mucus control, exercise, smoking cessation, nutrition, associated conditions, and strategies to prevent exacerbations. It emphasizes patient education, self-management, an...d working closely with healthcare providers to enhance well-being and control of the disease.
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The document provides practical guidance for individuals with COPD, covering topics such as medication management, oxygen therapy, mucus control, physical exercise, smoking cessation, nutrition, associated conditions, and how to prevent and manage exacerbations. It emphasizes the importance of patie...nt education, adherence to treatment plans, and collaboration with healthcare providers to improve quality of life and disease outcomes.
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The COPD Foundation's website provides a range of educational resources and downloadable materials aimed at helping patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals learn more about COPD, including information on prevention, treatment, and disease management.
The Indian Chest Society is a professional organization dedicated to promoting knowledge, research, and education in the field of pulmonology and respiratory diseases to enhance the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of such conditions.