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Publication Years
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Toolboxes
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People-centered approaches that help communities maintain protective behaviours and follow guidelines set out by public health and government agencies are more important than ever. The evidence is c
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lear, communities play a role in preventing and controlling epidemics and they are best able to take action and slow or stop the spread of disease when properly engaged and empowered. This toolbox in 2 parts offers best practice approaches to community engagement with families. Promoting individual and joint responsibilities for the safety of the family, this toolbox aims to bring families and households together to manage shared risks and agree to safe behaviours critical for their safety and the safety of their community.
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Reference Guide Version 2. Revised. The Nutrition Program Design Assistant is a tool to help organizations design the nutrition component of their community-based maternal and child health, food security, or other development program. The tool focus
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es on prevention and also provides guidance on recuperative approaches that are needed when there is a high prevalence of acute malnutrition
more
Environmental Health Management After Natural Disaster
recommended
Ruth Newman, Richard Hansen, John Quigley and Don Schramm
Pan American Health Organization
(2003)
C_WHO
Natural disasters often increase morbidity and mortality rates. Taking appropriate measures to maintain environmental health helps to reduce or eliminate the risks of preventable disease
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and death. Such measures contribute not only to the health of individuals in and near disaster-stricken areas, but they also contribute to decreasing the high costs of providing emergency health services in the aftermath of disaster.
This document is divided into several parts. The first section primarily addresses the effects of natural disasters on environmental health conditions and services. In the second section, environmental health measures are described that should be undertaken in each of three time frames: the predisaster, disaster, and postdisaster periods.
more
The main goal of the National Health Plan (NHP) 2017-2021 is to extend access to a basic Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) to the entire population while increasing financial protection. In order to extend service delivery to all communities, the NHP calls for all health workers (whether c
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ommunity-based, outreach-based or facility-based) involved in the delivery of health promotion, prevention and treatment services to be fully recognised and institutionalized within the health system to ensure efficient use of resources, necessary oversight and quality service provision (regardless of whether the health workers are voluntary or salaried). The first year Annual Operational Plan (AOP) of the NHP 2017-2021 calls for a comprehensive literature review of the situation of all Village Based Health Workers (VBHWs) in the country to inform the development of a comprehensive, institutionalized approach to community health for the country.
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Mental disorders impose an enormous burden on society, accounting for almost one in three years lived with disability globally. •In addition to their health impact, mental disorders cause a significant economic burden due to lost economic output and
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the link between mental disorders and costly, potentially fatal conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HIV, and obesity.•80% of the people likely to experience an episode of a mental disorder in their lifetime come from low- and middle-income countries.• Two of the most common forms of mental disorders, anxiety and depression, are prevalent, disabling, and respond to a range of treatments that are safe and effective. Yet, owing to stigma and inadequate funding, these disorders are not being treated in most primary care and community settings.
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Community health worker teams are potential game-changers in ensuring access to care in vulnerable communities. Who are they? What do they actually do? Can they help South Africa realize universal health coverage? As the proactive arm of the health services, community health workers teams provide ho
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usehold and community education, early screening, tracing and referrals for a range of health and social services. There is little local or global evidence on the household services provided by such teams, beyond specific disease-oriented activities such as for HIV and TB. This paper seeks to address this gap.
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The Socio-Economic Impact of People Living with HIV at the Household Level in Myanmar
Cercone, James; Pinder, Étoile; Pothuis, Michal et al.
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports; UNDP
(2016)
C1
The study collected data on the impact of HIV-related diseases on income, revenues, economic dependency, consumption, education, health, food security, stigma, discrimination, quality of life, and migration. The study also assessed people living wit
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h chronic diseases in order to compare the impact of living with HIV/AIDS with the impact of living with a chronic disease.
Stigma, discrimination, and socio-economic exclusion continue to affect the rights and socio-economic opportunities of people living with HIV in Myanmar. Households with a family member who has HIV, have lower incomes, fewer assets and lower home-ownership, compared to households that are not affected by HIV. They also have more household debt, and their families pay a higher rate of interest compared to families not affected by HIV. more
Stigma, discrimination, and socio-economic exclusion continue to affect the rights and socio-economic opportunities of people living with HIV in Myanmar. Households with a family member who has HIV, have lower incomes, fewer assets and lower home-ownership, compared to households that are not affected by HIV. They also have more household debt, and their families pay a higher rate of interest compared to families not affected by HIV. more
This report investigates the impact of potential misclassification of samples on HIV prevalence estimates for 23 surveys conducted from 2010-2014. In addition to visual inspection of laboratory results, we examined how accounting for potential misclassification of HIV status through Bayesian latent
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class models affected the prevalence estimates. Two types of Bayesian models were specified: a model that only uses the individual dichotomous test results and a continuous model that uses the quantitative information of the EIA (i.e., the signal-to-cutoff values). Overall, we found that adjusted prevalence estimates matched the surveys’ original results, with overlapping uncertainty intervals. This suggested that misclassification of HIV status should not affect the prevalence estimates in most surveys. However, our analyses suggested that two surveys may be problematic. The prevalence could have been overestimated in the Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey 2011 and the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14, although the magnitude of overestimation remains difficult to ascertain. Interpreting results from the Uganda survey is difficult because of the lack of internal quality control and potential violation of the multivariate normality assumption of the continuous Bayesian latent class model. In conclusion, despite the limitations of our latent class models, our analyses suggest that prevalence estimates from most of the surveys reviewed are not affected by sample misclassification.
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WHEELCHAIR SERVICE TRAINING PACKAGE Reference Manual for Participants (Intermediate level)
Sarah Frost, Kylie Mines, Jamie Noon, Elsje Scheffler, and Rebecca Jackson Stoeckle
WHO; USAID
(2013)
C_WHO
Following the release of the Wheelchair Service Training Package – Basic level (WSTP-B), WHO in partnership with United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has developed the Wheelchair Service Training Package – Intermediate Level (WSTP-I). WSTP-I is the second part of the WHO w
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heelchair service training package series and focusses more on addressing the needs of people who have severe difficulties in walking and moving around and also having poor postural control . While developing this training package, special attention was given on the provision of appropriate wheelchairs for children who have poor postural control and are unable to sit upright independently.
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This policy will serve as a cornerstone from which to address the accessibility of Family Planning services and to encourage its integration with services for HIV/AIDS, maternal health, child health, and
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other development initiatives. This policy is timely, as Rwanda is embarking on the introduction of community-based provision of Family Planning through community health workers. In addition, the expansion of adolescent sexual and reproductive health programs is a pillar of this policy that will help attract and retain the next generation of Family Planning users. These efforts are anticipated to trigger a paradigm change in the way Family Planning services are provided and accessed in order to contribute towards a healthy and productive Rwanda for all.
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Action Plan for Implementation of Recommendations from the Evaluation of PAHO's Response to COVID-19
An external team evaluated PAHO’s response to COVID-19 to provide an independent assessment of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau’s (PASB) performance regarding preparedness for and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluations’ final repor
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t culminates with eight recommendations for actions to future response to health emergencies. The final report of EPRC culminates with eight evidence-based recommendations of actions to strengthen future pandemic responses, while building a resilient recovery in the Region. The recommendations by the external team focus on PAHO’s governance and management, on specialized regional mechanisms, diversified funding models, and use of new technologies, among others.
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This guide provides practical, step-by-step guidance on how to organize, implement, and monitor community-based care for DR TB. It is equally useful for program planning or supervision. The target audience for this guide is TB Program Managers, gove
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rnments, policy makers, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), donors and TB advocates.
This guide does not replace other guidelines and documents that contain important medical information, such as Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant TB (WHO, 2008 and 2011 updates), and Management of MDR-TB: A Field Guide (WHO, 2009).
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Working document from an informal consultation of experts. A Protocol for risk assessment at the field level. The purpose of document is to provide guidance on the methodology to be used for assessing, at field level, the yellow fever virus circulation in areas at risk,
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and is primarily intended for public health specialists
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Planificación de la movilización y comunicación social para la prevención y el control del dengue - GUÍA PASO A PASO
Parks, Will; Lloyd, Linda
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD, ORGANIZACIÓN PANAMERICANA DE LA SALUD
(2004)
C_WHO
One of the many gender inequities in the health and care workforce that COVID-19 has exposed is around the fit and design of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The rapid onset
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and scale of COVID-19 led to shortages of PPE in most countries, causing preventable infection and mortality among healthcare workers and others on the front lines. Even though most health workers are women, manufacturing specifications for medical PPE are usually drawn up based on the male body and there have been many reports of PPE not designed for women's bodies.
more
Plan Stratégique National de Communication 2017–2020 - République démocratique du Congo
Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP)
Ministère de la Santé Publique, République Démocratique du Congo
(2017)
C2
La Stratégie nationale de communication pour le paludisme 2017–2020 de la République Démocratique du Congo vise à améliorer les comportements de prévention, de détection et de traitement du paludisme à travers une communication sociale et
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comportementale (CSC) structurée et contextuelle. Élaborée par le Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), elle s’inscrit dans la vision d’un accès équitable aux messages de santé et à des services de qualité pour toute la population.
Cette stratégie met l’accent sur l’adoption de pratiques essentielles telles que l’utilisation correcte des moustiquaires imprégnées, le recours systématique au test de diagnostic rapide avant tout traitement, la prise en charge précoce des cas, en particulier chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans et les femmes enceintes, ainsi que l’adhésion complète aux traitements prescrits. Elle cible prioritairement les ménages, les femmes enceintes, les enfants, les agents de santé communautaires, les enseignants, les leaders religieux et les médias.
Pour atteindre ses objectifs, la stratégie mobilise plusieurs canaux de communication, notamment les médias de masse (radio, télévision, affichage), la communication interpersonnelle via les agents communautaires, et des campagnes de mobilisation sociale. Elle identifie également plusieurs obstacles, tels que les croyances erronées, le faible niveau d’éducation sanitaire et les disparités d’accès à l’information dans les zones rurales.
Enfin, le document propose des mécanismes de suivi et d’évaluation clairs, avec des indicateurs pour mesurer l’exposition aux messages, la compréhension, et les changements de comportement au sein des communautés. Cette stratégie vise à créer un environnement favorable à la réduction durable du fardeau du paludisme en RDC.
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Este manual ofrece directrices prácticas para el manejo adecuado de las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido (PDR) de la malaria, destinadas al personal que trabaja en almacenes centrales, regionales y periféricos del sistema de salud. Su propósito principal es garantizar la integridad y eficacia de e
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stas pruebas desde su recepción hasta su uso final.
Se destacan aspectos clave como la correcta recepción e inspección visual de los envíos, la verificación de daños, caducidad y componentes faltantes. Se proporcionan recomendaciones detalladas para el almacenamiento, incluyendo el control riguroso de la temperatura (idealmente entre 2 °C y 30 °C), la ventilación de los espacios, y el apilamiento seguro de las cajas.
Además, el manual aborda la gestión de inventarios con el uso de tarjetas de control, la rotación de productos bajo el principio “primero en caducar, primero en salir” (PEPS), y la realización de inventarios físicos regulares. También se detallan las buenas prácticas para el transporte por tierra, aire y agua, subrayando la importancia de proteger las pruebas del calor y de planificar bien los envíos.
Por último, se abordan medidas para la correcta gestión de residuos generados por las PDR, diferenciando entre desechos peligrosos (como lancetas, dispositivos usados y guantes contaminados) y desechos generales. Se incluyen recomendaciones para su separación, almacenamiento temporal y eliminación segura, adaptadas a contextos con recursos limitados.
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Epidemiology, Control, and Financing
Plan Stratégique National de Communication pour le Changement Social et des Comportements en matière de Lutte contre le Paludisme 2021–2025 (PSN CCSC 2021–2025)
PNLP Côte d’Ivoire (Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme)
Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique (MSHP), Côte d’Ivoire
(2020)
C2
Le Plan Stratégique National de Communication pour le Changement Social et des Comportements en matière de Lutte contre le Paludisme 2021–2025 de la Côte d’Ivoire définit les grandes lignes pour améliorer la prévention et la prise en charg
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e du paludisme à travers la communication. Il vise à changer durablement les comportements des populations, en mettant l’accent sur l’utilisation correcte des moustiquaires imprégnées, le recours précoce au diagnostic et au traitement, et la participation active des communautés. Le document identifie les publics cibles, les messages clés, les canaux de communication adaptés (médias, acteurs communautaires, écoles, etc.) et prévoit des mécanismes de suivi-évaluation. L’objectif final est de réduire la morbidité et la mortalité liées au paludisme, en mobilisant tous les acteurs nationaux et locaux autour d’une communication efficace et inclusive.
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