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Background
Low- and middle-income countries now experience the highest prevalence and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease.
Main text
While improving the availability and delivery of proven, effective therapies will no doubt mitigate this burden, we posit that studies evaluating cardiovasc
...
ular disease risk factors, management strategies and service delivery, in diverse settings and diverse populations, are equally critical to improving outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Focusing on examples drawn from four cardiovascular diseases — coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease — we argue that ethnicity, culture and context matter in determining the risk factors for disease as well as the comparative effectiveness of medications and other interventions, particularly diet and lifestyle interventions.
Conclusion
We believe that a host of cohort studies and randomized control trials currently being conducted or planned in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on previously understudied race/ethnic groups, have the potential to increase knowledge about the cause(s) and management of cardiovascular diseases across the world.
more
Malawi is a small and beautiful country in south-central Africa. It is divided into three administrative regions: south, central and north. The regions are further subdivided into 28 districts. The Southern Region is the most densely populated, while the Northern Region is the least populated.
The main aim of this paper is to present the current situation of children with disabilities in the Republic of Namibia, with special regard to their educational chances and influence of cultural beliefs on their lives. Namibia has a law, which entitles education for all its citizens. Despite numero
...
us legislative acts which should have increased the educational chances of Namibian children with disabilities, their real situation is completely different and depends on various factors, including the infrastructure of the schools, teacher competencies, their attitudes towards students, the small number of special and integrated schools as well as an insufficient amount of money transferred for the education of the children. The paper discusses all of the above factors and provides practical implications, which would improve the situation of children with disabilities in Namibia.
more
Tax capacity—the policy, institutional, and technical capabilities to collect tax revenue—is part of a deeper process of state building that is essential for achieving the sustainable development goals. This Staff Discussion Note shows that developing countries have made some progress in revenue
...
mobilization during the past decades, but that much more is needed. It finds that a staggering 9 percentage-point increase in the tax-to-GDP ratio is feasible through a combination of tax system reform and institutional capacity building. Achieving this calls for a holistic and institution-based approach that focuses on improving policy, administration, and legal implementation of core taxes. The note offers practical lessons and guidance, based on IMF capacity-building experience in this area.
more
Pour atteindre les objectifs de sa stratégie et se
rapprocher de la cible de l’ODD 3 liée aux trois
maladies à l’horizon 2030, le Fonds mondial doit
réunir 18 milliards de dollars US pour sa huitième
reconstitution des ressources. Cette somme est
le minimum requis pour faire progresser
...
la lutte
contre le VIH, la tuberculose et le paludisme à
un rythme correspondant aux objectifs et pour
maintenir les investissements nécessaires dans les
systèmes de santé et communautaires.
more
To deliver on the Global Fund Strategy milestones
for 2028 and ensure we keep the SDG 3 target
within reach, we need to raise US$18 billion to
fund the Global Fund’s next three-year grant cycle.
Si queremos cumplir los hitos de la Estrategia del Fondo
Mundial para 2028 y mantener a nuestro alcance la
meta del ODS 3, necesitamos recaudar 18.000 millones
USD para financiar el próximo ciclo de subvenciones
trienal del Fondo Mundial.
Pour franchir toutes les étapes de la stratégie du
Fonds mondial jusqu’en 2028 et nous assurer que la
cible de l'ODD 3 reste à notre portée, nous devons
mobiliser 18 milliards de dollars US pour notre prochain
cycle triennal de subvention.
To realize Agenda 2030, aid agencies, private philanthropies, and their partners in the Global South need better data to monitor how official development finance (ODF) dollars advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and avoid missing the mark. In this report, we summarize the results of a n
...
ovel effort to tag and analyze 2.7 million ODF projects between 2010-2021 using machine learning to understand their contributions to the SDG thematic areas at a goal
and target level. This time frame is instructive: it compares the last six years of the Millennium Development Goals era and the first six years of the new SDG age, from early optimism to later uncertainty about the resilience of the agenda to drive collective commitments amid unanticipated global shocks.
more
Questions concerning the relevance and reform of official development assistance (ODA), and how ODA and broader development finance could—or should—change to better reflect shifting demands are not new, with academics and policymakers suggesting a range of options for reform. In this background
...
note, we briefly review the major reform proposals from 2009 onwards, highlighting the key issues underlying approaches to ODA reforms, and the main “types” of proposals typically put forward.
more
Diese Publikation erklärt anhand von Grafiken die Wichtigkeit von Entwicklungszusammenarbeit im Allgemeinen und für Gesundheit im Speziellen. Denn finanzielle Beiträge im Rahmen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten als unerlässlich, wirksam, günstig und verantwor
...
tungsvoll erwiesen.
more
A pesar de los avances, persisten importantes barreras para el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos de la malaria en las Américas, especialmente en zonas rurales y de difícil acceso. Para reducir la transmisión, es esencial ampliar el uso de pruebas de diagnóstico rápido y garantizar la disponi
...
bilidad gratuita de antimaláricos como bienes públicos. La OPS propone un marco estratégico para eliminar obstáculos, acelerar el inicio del tratamiento y contribuir a la eliminación de la enfermedad en la región.
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Злоупотребление алкоголем и алкоголизм относятся к ведущим причинам ухудшения здоровья и повышения смертности населения. Чрезмерное употребление алкоголя служи
...
т третьей ведущей причиной глобального бремени болезней и относится к ведущим факторам уменьшения продолжительности жизни и повышения смертности населения. Злоупотребление алкоголем снижает трудоспособность и производительность труда, требует повышенных расходов на лечение расстройств, вызванных алкоголем, что влечет за собой серьезные экономические потери. Неблагоприятные медицинские и социальные последствия неумеренного употребления алкоголя определяют значимость эффективного лечения алкоголизма
more
In 2022, Namibia had an estimated population of 2.6 million people, where 51 per cent per cent are females and 52.5 per cent of households in urban areas, with fast-growing urban informal settlements which lack access to basic services. Namibia has a young population; 42 per cent are children (0-17
...
years), 13 per cent are under-five, per cent and 19 per cent are aged 15 to 24 years. With the right investment on children and youth, this represents an opportunity for a demographic dividend.
more
While epidemiological data for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in low/middle-income countries, and particularly low-income countries (LICs) including Liberia is lacking, prevalence in LICs is thought to be increasing. T1D care in LICs is often impacted by challenges in diagnosis and management. These challeng
...
es, including misdiagnosis and access to insulin, can affect T1D outcomes and frequency of severe complications. Despite the severe nature of T1D and growing burden in subSaharan Africa, little is currently known about the impact of T1D on patients and caregivers in the region. Methods We conducted a qualitative study consisting of interviews with patients with T1D, caregivers, providers, civil society members and a policy-maker in Liberia to better understand the psychosocial and economic impact of living with T1D, knowledge of T1D and selfmanagement, and barriers and facilitators for accessing T1D care.
more
The findings of the report are both urgent and devastating. At the current rate of progress, by 2040 we would still have 1.9 million new HIV infections and 990,000 AIDS-related deaths in children. But if funding for HIV prevention and treatment continues to fall as current trends suggest, the world
...
could face an additional 1.1 million new HIV infections and 820,000 additional deaths by 2040. In this worst-case scenario, by 2040, three million children would acquire HIV and nearly 1.8 million would die of AIDS-related causes — the vast majority in sub-Saharan Africa. These are not statistics; they are children with dreams, families, and futures. They represent our shared humanity — and our collective failure if we do not act.
more
Heart and circulatory diseases is an umbrella term for all diseases of the heart and circulation. It includes everything from conditions that are inherited or that a person is born with, to those that develop later, such as coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke and vascu
...
lar dementia.
more
The mounting burden of type 2 diabetes is a major concern in healthcare systems worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of type 2 diabetes from 1990 to 2019 in Asia.
There is paucity of data on the burden and specific drivers operative in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the African setting and populations. Lack of awareness and inadequate knowledge on the aetio-pathogenesis of the disease together with inadequate capacity for
...
COPD care contributes to preventive and management challenges. Thus, the majority of patients with COPD are misdiagnosed, misclassified and mismanaged or undertreated. With the struggling improvement in the quality of healthcare in Africa, studies conducted over the last 10 years indicates the rising trends in both the risk factors and the burden of COPD. The role of new risk factors such as indoor pollution, infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), in the pathogenesis of COPD in Africa is increasingly being recognized. This literature review attempts to collect and synthesize information that could be useful in improving COPD care and informing the governments to take appropriate actions for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD in Africa.
more
The goal of asthma treatment is to obtain clinical control and reduce future risks to the patient. To reach this goal in children with asthma, ongoing monitoring is essential. While all components of asthma, such as symptoms, lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, may exist i
...
n various combinations in different individuals, to date there is limited evidence on how to integrate these for optimal monitoring of children with asthma. The aims of this ERS Task Force were to describe the current practise and give an overview of the best available evidence on how to monitor children with asthma.
22 clinical and research experts reviewed the literature. A modified Delphi method and four Task Force meetings were used to reach a consensus.
This statement summarises the literature on monitoring children with asthma. Available tools for monitoring children with asthma, such as clinical tools, lung function, bronchial responsiveness and inflammatory markers, are described as are the ways in which they may be used in children with asthma. Management-related issues, comorbidities and environmental factors are summarised.
Despite considerable interest in monitoring asthma in children, for many aspects of monitoring asthma in children there is a substantial lack of evidence.
more
