Developing protocols for use with refugees
and internally displaced persons
Six maladies évitables par la vaccination ont été incluses dès le
début dans le PEV : la diphtérie, la rougeole, la coqueluche, la
poliomyélite, le tétanos et la tuberculose.
Manual para directores de programas
Report of a WHO technical consultation meeting
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Après un rappel des données générales sur la malnutrition infantile, nous décrirons l'évolution de la mortalité et de la morbidité de ce fléau. Puis, nous exposerons la méthodologie et les résultats de notre étude. L'étude est d'abord rétrospective, analysant les indicateurs de fonctio...nnement du centre sous régime diététique traditionnel, puis prospective avec l'étude de l'efficacité d'un produit de renutrition prêt à l'emploi, le Plumpy Nut. Nous rappellerons les principaux facteurs de risque liés à l'installation d'un déficit nutritionnel. Les résultats obtenus, principalement en termes de gain de poids moyen et d'indicateursde fonctionnement du centre de renutrition seront comparés à ceux de la littérature. Nous développerons les méthodes d'approches thérapeutiques, multidisciplinaires les mieux adaptées à chaque situation pour améliorer la prévention et la guérison de la malnutrition des enfants malnutris.
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Sudan has a long history of hosting refugees and asylum seekers with 991,787 individuals, 51 per cent female and 53 per cent children, expected to live in Sudan by the end of 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to large increases in healthcare waste, straining under resourced healthcare facilities and exacerbating environmental impacts from solid waste. This report quantifies the additional COVID-19 healthcare waste generated, describes current healthcare waste management syst...ems and their deficiencies, and summarizes emerging best practices and solutions to reduce the impact of waste on human and environmental health. The recommendations included in the report build on actions in the WHO manifesto for a healthy recovery from COVID-19: prescriptions and actionables for a healthy and green recovery. They target the global, national and facility levels to promote a “win–win” scenario for COVID-19 PPE use, testing and vaccinations that are safe and support environmental sustainability.
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Resumen para Equipos de Salud Edición 2021-2022
Las presentes recomendaciones se encuentran dirigidas a los miembros del equipo de salud que asisten niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNyA) que viven con VIH. También se dirigen a los responsables jurisdiccionales que participan en el proceso de gesti...ón de acceso a tratamientos antiretrovirales recomendados. El objetivo es brindar directrices para optimizar el cuidado y tratamiento antiretroviral de NNyA, con opciones más seguras y eficaces, basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible.
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Reliable cause specic mortality statistics are the cornerstone of national health information
systems. They are essential for evidence-based decision making for monitoring health of
populations, health services planning and delivery, programme implementation, policy development
and epidemiolog...ical research.
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Au cours des dix dernières années, de nombreuses catastrophes et crises majeures se sont succédé et ont impacté les vies de millions de gens partout dans le monde. Pour faire face à ces situations critiques, des équipes médicales d’urgence (EMU) nationales et internationales sont réguliè...rement détachées pour venir en aide aux populations sinistrées. Les
EMU sont des équipes de professionnels de soins de santé le plus souvent constituées de
médecins, infirmières, psychologues et autres pour apporter des soins cliniques, directement aux personnes touchées par ces catastrophes et ces conflits, et pour apporter leur soutien aux
systèmes de santé locaux. En accord avec le programme de Personnel de santé d’urgence pour la santé mondiale de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), tout professionnel de santé venant d’un pays étranger pour prodiguer des soins sur le lieu d’une catastrophe doit faire partie d’une équipe qualifiée, entraînée, pourvue de moyens matériels et financiers et qui fait preuve d’un minimum requis de niveau de pratique
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Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by a transcutaneous traumatic inoculation of a specific group of dematiaceous fungi occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical zones worldwide. If not diagnosed at early stages, patients with CBM... require long term therapy with systemic antifungals, sometimes associated with physical methods. Unlike other neglected endemic mycoses, comparative clinical trials have not been performed for this disease. Nowadays, therapy is based on a few open trials and on expert opinion. Itraconazole either as monotherapy or associated with other drugs, or with physical methods, is widely used. Recently, photodynamic therapy has been successfully employed in combination with antifungals in patients presenting with CBM. In the present revision the most used therapeutic options against CBM are reviewed as well as the several factors that may have impact on the patient's outcome.
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Based on categories related to structure, content, language, and illustrations, the present study provides an evaluation of the quality of educational materials on leishmaniasis available to health services in Brazil. The 18 publications evaluated consisted of four handbooks, four guided studies, fo...ur booklets, and six leaflets. Of the total publications assessed, nine were produced by the Brazilian National Health Foundation (FUNASA), five by State and Municipal Health Departments jointly with FUNASA, and one by the Pan-American Health Organization. The evaluations were also performed by three professionals: a physician specialized in leishmaniasis, a parasitologist, and an information/communications expert. The publications failed to specify key items such as target public, objective, and bibliography. The illustrations, especially in the booklets and leaflets, failed to clarify the text, portrayed biased concepts, and omitted credits and scale. According to this study, informative materials on leishmaniasis distributed in Brazil present major limitations which jeopardize the quality of information they contain.
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To enhance health co-benefits across urban policies which tackle air pollution and climate change, WHO, in cooperation with various international, national, and local partners, implemented the Urban Health Initiative (UHI) pilot project in Accra, Ghana. The Initiative prompted the health sector to u...se its influential position to demonstrate to decision-makers and the public the full range of health, environmental and economic benefits that can be achieved from implementing local emission reduction and energy access policies and strategies. Policy tracking, although not always considered, is a fundamental component of this procedure. It assesses the planning, implementation and progress of a policy to refine or adjust policies with the final objective of increasing the likelihood of the policy being successful. This report is an outcome of the last component of the UHI model process, Policy tracking and monitoring outcomes. The report proposes a framework for tracking urban health policies, with a special focus on the impacts of air quality and energy access on human health and well-being in African countries, giving some examples from the pilot project in Accra. The report also provides resources to survey air quality in cities and other tools to assess public health and the environmental impacts of urban policies and monitor or track their effects.
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The publication of the of the Antimicrobial Treatment Guidelines represents the
culmination of the efforts of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program of ICMR to publish treatment guidelines for common syndromes in India. These guidelines are targeted for the health care settings. It aims to rationali...ze the usage of antibiotics on our Essential Medicines Formulary (EMF) and to establish consistency in the treatment of various infectious conditions.
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a well-known neglected parasitic disease. However, evidence supporting the four current treatment modalities is inadequate, and treatment options remain controversial. The aim of this work is to analyse the available data to answer clinical questions regarding medical t...reatment of CE.
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Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world, and contributes substantially to the escalating costs of health care. The underlying pathology is atherosclerosis, which develops over many years and is usually advanced by the time symptoms occur, genera...lly in middle age. Acute coronary and cerebrovascular events frequently occur suddenly, and are often fatal before medical care can be given. Modification of risk factors has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in people with diagnosed or undiagnosed cardiovascular disease.
This publication provides guidance on reducing disability and premature deaths from coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease in people at high risk, who have not yet experienced a cardiovascular event. People with established cardiovascular disease are at very high risk of recurrent events and are not the subject of these guidelines. They have been addressed in previous WHO guidelines.
Several forms of therapy can prevent coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular events. Decisions about whether to initiate specific preventive action, and with what degree of intensity, should be guided by estimation of the risk of any such vascular event. The risk prediction charts that accompany these guidelinesb allow treatment to be targeted accord-
ing to simple predictions of absolute cardiovascular risk.
Recommendations are made for management of major cardiovascular risk factors through changes in lifestyle and prophylactic drug therapies. The guidelines provide a framework for the development of national guidance on prevention of cardiovascular disease that takes into account the particular political, economic, social and medical circumstances.
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Preparedness planning is essential in order to respond effectively to outbreaks, including single case occurrences of highconsequence infectious diseases (HCID), such as the importation of a viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) case