European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
8
ICAP
8
Ministry of Health, Rwanda
8
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare India
7
National Health Mission
7
Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa
6
Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
6
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
6
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda
6
Robert-Koch-Institut RKI
6
Africa CDC
5
CDC
5
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Health Organization
5
NACO
5
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
5
Pan American Health Organization
5
PERC
5
UNFPA
5
UNITAID
5
World Economic Forum et al.
5
World Health Organization Europe
5
AIDSinfo
4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4
Government of India, Central Tuberculosis Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
4
Médecins sans Frontières
4
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare India
4
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Liberia
4
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, The United Republic of Tanzania
4
Ministry of Health, Tanzania
4
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC)
4
National Centre for Disease Control
4
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
4
University Teaching Hospital, et al.
4
European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC
3
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health
3
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
3
Global Polio Eradication Initiative
3
Government of Malawi, Ministry of Health
3
Government of Tanzania
3
ICAP Columbia University
3
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
3
Journal of the International AIDS Society
3
Médecins sans Frontières MSF
3
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS)
3
Ministry of Health Ethiopia
3
Ministry of Health Ghana
3
Ministry of Health Nepal
3
Ministry of Health, Kenya
3
Ministry of Health, Malawi
3
National Center for HIV
3
National HIV
3
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
3
PEPFAR
3
Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
3
PubMed.gov
3
R. Granich
3
Reliefweb
3
S. Gupta
3
Stop TB Partnership
3
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports
3
WHO and DOH Philippines
3
African Union
2
ALNAP
2
Anne-Sophie Coutin, et al.
2
BMJ
2
C. Daniels, et al.
2
Caroline Favas
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
2
Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research
2
Centro de Coordinación de Alertasy Emergencias Sanitarias
2
Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
2
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
2
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
2
Fanta project
2
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria , World Health Organisation (WHO)
2
Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia
2
Ghana AIDS Commission
2
Ghana Health Service Ghana
2
Global Laboratory Initiative
2
Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC)
2
Indonesian Urological Association
2
International Bureau for Epilepsy
2
International League Against Epilepsy
2
J. Ananworanich
2
j. Bushati
2
John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
2
Kamps, B.S.
2
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
2
M. Archary
2
M. Ristola
2
Malaria Consortium
2
Medecins Sans Frontieres
2
Ministerio de sanidad - España
2
Ministry of Health [Kenya], National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP)
2
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Tanzania
2
Ministry of Health Kenya
2
Ministry of Health Uganda
2
Ministry of Health, Ghana
2
Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho
2
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
2
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India
2
National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) & Reproductive and Child Health Section
2
National Cancer Control Programme, India
2
National Centre for Disease Control (formerly National Institute of Communicable Diseases)
2
National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
2
Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS)
2
Pata
2
Plos Medicine
2
PLOS One
2
Pub Med
2
SAARC Tuberculosis and HIV
2
South African National AIDS Council
2
Tanzania Diabetes Association
2
The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
2
The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
2
UNDP
2
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
2
WHO, HHS-CDC
2
World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
2
World Health Organization (Americas)
2
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
2
World Health Organization WHO, Bangladesh
2
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas
2
, S. Evans‐Lacko
1
A. A. Neilson, C. A. Mayer
1
A. Aerts, M. Grzemska
1
A. Bone
1
A. Brotherton
1
A. Brown
1
A. Caye
1
A. Figueroa
1
A. Harxhi
1
A. Harxkhi, et al.
1
A. J. Flisher
1
A. J. Prendergas
1
A. Jindani, A. Nunn, D. A. Enarson
1
A. Kanchar
1
A. Lachman
1
A. Mijch
1
A. Montresor
1
A. Pawlowski, M. Jansson, M. Sköld, et al.
1
A. Pharris
1
A. Piubello
1
A. Silveira
1
A. Stengaard
1
A. van Ahee
1
A. Xhuvani
1
A.Hill, T. Swan and K.Timmermans
1
A.Sullivan
1
Abela-Ridder, B.
1
ACF International
1
Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau
1
Adrian Sondheimer
1
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Africa Region
1
African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET)
1
AIDS Free
1
AIDSFree
1
Aidsmap
1
Aksion Plus
1
Albania Center for Population and Development (ACPD)
1
Albanian Association of People Living with HIV/AIS
1
Alemu Tilahun, H.
1
Alice Payne Merritt, Gabrielle Hunter, Anne Ballard et al.
1
Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA) - Nepa
1
Alyssa S. Parpia, Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah, Natasha S. Wenzel, et al.
1
American Chemistry Council
1
American Diabetes Association
1
Ana Figueroa, Cesar Soutullo, Yoshiro Ono & Kazuhiko Saito
1
and C. Hoffmann
1
and I. Walker
1
and I.Falkenberg
1
Andreas Sandgren, Marieke J. van der Werf, Netta Beer et al.
1
Ann Indian Acad Neurol
1
ashm hiv management in Austalasia
1
Ashorn, P.
1
Assessement Capacities Projekt
1
Assessment Capacities Project ACAPS
1
Aung Zayar Paing
1
Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC)
1
B-Lajoie,MR. O. Drouin,G. Bartlett, et al.
1
B. Falissard
1
B. Akkazieva
1
B. C. Zanoni
1
B. Killingo
1
B. M. McCoy
1
B. Mboya, P. Maro, J. Gulaka et al.
1
B. Oerbeck
1
B. Poelman, K.G. Dewey, et al.
1
B. S. Singhal
1
B. Williams
1
B.Bandelo, S. Michaelis, D. Wedekind
1
Barben et al.
1
Benjamin O Alli [et al.]
1
Berkley, James A.
1
Berlin, E.
1
Bethesda, MD: Health Finance & Governance Project, Abt Associates Inc.
1
Bham A., J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
Bio Med Central
1
BioMed Central
1
BMC Infectious Diseases
1
BMJ Global Health
1
BMJ Journals
1
BMZ
1
Boeuf, P.
1
Bonsu FA, Hanson-Nortey NN, Afutu FK et al.
1
BooMed Central
1
Braitstein, Paula et al.
1
Bridge Project, et al.
1
British HIV Association
1
British Medical Journal
1
Bull World Health Organ
1
Burns, A. and S. Iliffe
1
C. Beecroft
1
C. Contini, M. Maritari, M. die Nuzzo, et al.
1
C. Cravero, S. Danner et. al.
1
C. Ferreira-Borges
1
C. Giannou, M. Baldan and A. Molde
1
C. Hoffmann und J. K. Rockstroh
1
C. Lienhardt
1
C. Pérez Casas
1
C. Rae
1
C. Rodgers
1
C. S. Biskup, Martin Holtmann
1
C. S. Yaha
1
C. Soutullo
1
C. Taylor, A. Linn, W. Wang, and H. Moussa
1
C. Workman
1
Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF International.
1
Cambridge University Press
1
Camp, R. and C. Hoffmann
1
Campbell, L
1
Casa
1
CCM Georgia
1
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Center for Disease Control
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC)
1
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control CDC
1
Centers of Disease Control CDC
1
Central Leprosy Division Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
1
Central TB Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Central TB Divison, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis and Outbreak Response
1
CERAH
1
Cheesbrough, M.
1
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
1
Chou-Zen Giam
1
Chowell and Nishiura
1
CII Confederation of Indian Industry
1
Clinical Infectious Diseases
1
ClinMed International Library
1
COC Netherlands
1
Cohen, R., Sharonann, L., Bygrave, H., et al
1
Colette van Hees and Ben Naafs
1
Communicable Disease Control Branch - Manitoba Health
1
Conciliation Resources
1
D. A. Enarson, S. M. Kennedy, D. L. Miller, et al.
1
D. Adams
1
D. Barr
1
D. D. Bui
1
D. Gomez-Pastrana
1
D. Mathiot
1
D. O. Frauches
1
D. S. Abebe
1
D. van der Veur
1
D. Yu
1
Daniel D. Moos
1
DATER House
1
David Pescod
1
Department of Aids Control, NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Department of Basic Education
1
Department of Health
1
Department of Health (DOH)
1
Department of Health and Human Services
1
Department of Health Research Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Department of Health, National Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Disease Prevention and Control
1
Department: Health Republic of South Africa
1
Dept. of HIV and AIDS
1
Detjen A, Gnanashanmugam D, Talens A
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft fü
1
Dey, B. and .Krishnaswamy
1
Département Santé reproductive et recherche
1
Dilys Morgan, Hilary Kirkbride and Bengü Said
1
Direction de Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé Publique, RD du Congo
1
Directorate General of Health Services , Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
1
Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
1
Don Gorman and Wendy Cross
1
DOTS, WHO
1
DR
1
Dr. F. Amond
1
Dr. J. Breda
1
Dr. Joseph Sitienei OGW
1
Dr. M. Kavtaradze, Dr. S. Ciobanu
1
Dr. Nathan Kenya Mugisha, Ministry of Health Uganda
1
Dr. P. Amoth
1
Dr. S. K. Kibias
1
Dr. V. R. Kandula
1
Dr. X. Zeka
1
Druetz T.
1
Drug Administration and Control Authority (DACA) of Ethiopia
1
Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia Contents
1
Duke University
1
E. Abrams
1
E. André
1
E. Gjergji
1
E. J. Abrams
1
E. Tambo
1
E. Whyle
1
EACS European AIDS Clinical Society (Европейского клинического общества СПИДа)
1
Eaton, Jeffrey W.
1
EBW Healthcare
1
Ehrenreich, John H
1
Elaine Abrams, Tsitsi Apollo, Janet Bhila et al.
1
Elaine Abrams, Wafaa El-Sadr, and Miriam Rabkin
1
Elisabeth Pitts
1
Elisabetta Buscarini, Harald Lutz and Paoletta Mirk
1
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
1
Elizabeth Lamond, and Jesee Kinyanjui
1
Elly T. Katabira,Moses R. Kamya, Israel Kalyesubula, Alice Namale
1
Elsevier
1
Elsevier Ltd
1
Emily Keane, Andrea King, Anthony Awira et al.
1
END TB
1
Engender Health Society (Improving Women's Health Worldwide)
1
EQUINET
1
etc al.
1
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
European Asylum Support Office
1
European Centre for Disases Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
1
European Commission Humanitarian Aid
1
European Medicines Agency EMA
1
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
1
European Public Health Association
1
European Respiratory Society
1
European Scientific Journal
1
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases EUCAST
1
Expert Committee on Pediatric Epilepsy, Indian Academy of Pediatrics
1
Extending Service Delivery (ESD) Project, USAID
1
F. D. Zepf
1
F. D.Zepf
1
F. Kiweewa, A.Dasgupta
1
F. Saini
1
F.Simona,E.Javellea ,A.Cabie, et al.
1
Fairhead, J.
1
Family Welfare , Government of India,
1
Family Welfare National AIDS Control Organization
1
Federal Bureau of Prisons
1
Federal Government of Somalia, Puntland & Somaliland, Zonal NMCPs
1
Federal Ministries of Agriculture, Environment and Health
1
Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
1
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Dept. of Public Health, National HIV
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Republic of Nigeria
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Fedreal Republic of Nigeria
1
Fescina R, De Mucio B, Ortíz El, Jarkin D.
1
FHI360
1
Firdaus, I., A.U. Rahajoe, A. F. Yahya, et al.,
1
Flying Publisher
1
Folb, N., Levitt, N.S., Backmann, M.O., et al
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
1
Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA)
1
Food, Medicine and Health care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia (FMHACA)
1
Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada
1
Freel
1
Frontiers in Pediatrics
1
G. Bartlett
1
G. K. Siberry
1
G. Lescornec
1
G. Likatavicius
1
G. Ravasi
1
G. Rogers
1
G. Venugopal
1
G. Walter
1
G. Williams, E. Alarcón, S. Jittimanee et al.
1
Gastroenterology Society of Kenya , Republic of Keny
1
Georgios Nikolopoulos, University of Cyprus
1
Geraldine Le Cuziat, Geraldine
1
German Doctors
1
Gertler, P. & Vermeersch, C.
1
Ghana Health Service
1
Ghana, Ministry of Health
1
GHS/NMCP/JHPIEGO/MSH/GLOBAL FUND (GFATM)
1
GIZ
1
Gjergji, M.
1
Global AIDS Program (GAP)
1
Global Health Workforce Alliance
1
Government of India
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
1
Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Department of Health & Family Welfare
1
Government of Lesotho
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Department of Health Services, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Department of Health Services, National Tuberculosis Center
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Family Health Division
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population National Center for AIDS and STD Control
1
Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population
1
Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
Government of Nigeria
1
Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services ...
1
Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, National Malaria Control Programme
1
Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, World Health Organization
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health, the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, USAID, and SPS
1
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh DGHS Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services
1
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services
1
GP clinics
1
Gulani, A. & Sachdev, H.P.S
1
H. Advani
1
H. Getahun
1
H. H. Nguyen
1
H. Hafizi
1
H. Ingold
1
H. Kristensen
1
H. Metzger
1
H.E. Drummer
1
H.Getahun
1
H.L. Nguyen
1
H4+, UNFPA
1
H6 Partnership
1
HAI
1
Haitham Shoman, Emilie Karafillakis and Salman Rawaf
1
Hassan, G, Kirmayer, LJ, Mekki- Berrada A., et al.
1
Haute Conseil de la Santé Publique
1
HDI
1
Health Cluster & Shelter Cluster Iraq
1
Health Emergency Management Staff, DOH and WHO Philippines
1
Health System Trust
1
Healthcare Improvement Scotland
1
Henry Perry
1
Hepatology Society of the Philippines (HSP)
1
Hiffler, L.
1
hivma
1
Hospice Palliative Care Association of SOUTH AFRICA
1
Howes, O.D.
1
I. Bozicevic
1
I. Hall
1
I. Petersen
1
I. T. Katz
1
IASC, Global Nutrition Cluster, UNICEF
1
ICAP Columbia University (Mailman School of Public Health)
1
ICAP Nurse Capacity Initiative
1
ICAP, et al.
1
ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
1
ICRC
1
Idro R, Musubire K A, Byamah Mutamba B
1
IDSA, HIVMA, et al.
1
IFRC - International Federation of Red Cross
1
IFRC, et al.
1
ILGA-Europe (The European Region of the international Lesbian and Gay Association)
1
ILO
1
iMedPub Journals
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
Indian Academy of Paediatrics
1
Indian Consensus of Medical Research
1
Indian Council of Medical Research
1
Indian Nursing Council
1
Indian Pediatrics
1
Indonesian Drug Users Network
1
Indonesian Heart Association
1
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
1
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
1
Institute for Public Policy Research
1
INTECH
1
International commitee of the Red Cross
1
International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
1
International Diabetes Federation
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
1
International Journal of Mental Health Systems
1
International Labour Organization IPEC & Trafficking in Children-South Asia (TICSA)
1
International Rescue Committe
1
International Rescue Committee
1
International Union against Tuberculose and Lung Disease
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), CORE Group
1
Interntaional Council of Opthalmology ICO
1
IOM UN Migration
1
IPPF ESEAOR, UNFPA
1
IPPF, UNFPA
1
Istivto Svpreriore di Santità
1
ITPC (International Treatment Preparedness Coalition)
1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1
J. Amon
1
J. Byrne
1
J. D. Machado
1
J. E. Haberer
1
J. Kahn, A.Mastroianni, and L.S. Parker
1
J. Kaner and S.Schaack
1
J. Liu
1
J. Lundgren
1
J. M. Rey
1
J.S. Richards, et al.
1
James W. Macharia
1
Jan H. Kolaczinski, et al.
1
Jennings, B.
1
Jilian A Sacks, Elizabeth Zehe, Cindil Redick et al.
1
Joep Lange Institut
1
John Frederick
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg School
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg University
1
John Hopkins Hospital antimicrobioal Stewardship Program
1
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1
Jose Nkuni, Natasha Howard, Abraham Mnzava et al.
1
Joseph M Rey
1
Journal of Infection and Public Health
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society (JIAS)
1
Justin Cohen, Deepika Kandula, Bruno Moonen et al.
1
K. Asiedu
1
K. Burns
1
K. Church
1
K. Erdahl et al.
1
K. Manassis
1
K. Mason
1
K. R. Overgaard
1
K. Seeher
1
K. Sorsdahl
1
Kalibala Samuel, Nrupa Jani and Getachew Kassa
1
Kang Yiu Lai, Wing Yiu George Ng and Fan Fanny Cheng
1
Katrin Leitmeyer
1
Kaz de Jong
1
KfW
1
Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
KZN Provincial ARV
1
L. A. Rohde
1
L. Anderson and E. Hamblion
1
L. Cai
1
L. Guillermo Castañeda
1
L. Khotenashvili
1
L. Pacione
1
Laura Gover, Andrew Anguko, Jane Bruce, Godfrey Magumba, et al.
1
Lawrence Flick Memorial Tuberculosis Clinic, Philadelphia Tuberculosis Control Program
1
Liberty O. Yaneza, Ma. Consolacion Dolor-Torres, Sue Ann R. Locnen
1
Lifting the Burden
1
Lin, Y., et al.
1
LSHTM
1
Lungenliga Schweiz, Bundesamt für Gesundheit
1
M. Alonso González
1
M. Cabra
1
M. Danilovits
1
M. Dara
1
M. Dara, I. Solovic, G. Sotgiu, et al.
1
M. Dara, M. Grzemska, M. E. Kimerling, et al.
1
M. Giles
1
M. Gjergji
1
M. Hodaj
1
M. J. Abzug
1
M. L. Baranne
1
M. Mac Donald
1
M. Mansfeld
1
M. Mikulencak
1
M. S. Ruiz
1
M. Semrau
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting)
1
M. Sundararaj
1
M. van der Boom, S. Talevski
1
M.-R. B-Lajoie
1
M.Johnson
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
Madhukar Pai
1
Magagula, Samuel V.
1
Maitland, K.
1
Malaria Consortium South Sudan
1
Malgosia Grzemska, Elizabeth Mathai
1
Malteser International
1
Manolito L. Chua, Marissa M. Alejandria
1
Marie Theres Benner and K. Peter Schmitz
1
Mark F. Cotton
1
Maroufou Jules Alao, Blaise Ayivi and Didier Lacombe
1
Mary-Anne Hartley, Alyssa Young, Anh-Minh Tran et al.
1
Masa
1
Mason, D., et al.
1
Mattinen, Hanna
1
Mburu, Gitau
1
McQuaide, Sharon
1
Medécins sans Frontières MSF
1
MedGrave
1
Mediscript Ltd
1
Medizin Fokus Verlag
1
Mental Health Workers Without Borders
1
Mèdecines sans Frontières MSF
1
Médecins Sans Frontière
1
Médecins sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Michael T. Osterholma, Kristine A. Moorea, Nicholas S. Kelley et al.
1
Military Medical Research
1
Minister of Health & Social Welfare (MoHSW), Kingdom of Lesotho
1
Ministere de la Sante, Rwanda
1
Ministerio de salud pública y bienestar social, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, et al.
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Haiti
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique, République Démocratique du Congo
1
Ministry of Disaster Management Affairs and Public Events
1
Ministry of Healt
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), World Health Organization WHO
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
1
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare,Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Population in Haiti
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone,
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), Kingdom of Lesotho
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health Malawi
1
Ministry of Health, Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children
1
Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Fiji
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana, World Health Organizaiotn (WHO) and Ghana Health Service
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP)
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda | NtlP
1
Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre
1
Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Zambia, et al.
1
Ministry of Heatlh and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Interior
1
Ministry of Medical Services, Kenya
1
Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation
1
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation Kenya
1
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Ministry of Medical Services
1
Ministry of Rural Development
1
MRC South Africa
1
MSF Access Campaign
1
MSF Médecins sans Frontières
1
MSF South Africa and Lesotho
1
MSMGF
1
Muga R., Ndavi P., Kizito P. et al.
1
Multicultural Health & Support Service
1
Multicultural Mental Health Australia
1
N. Bolokadze, et al.
1
N. Chkhartishvili
1
N. Chowdhary, et al.
1
N. L. Soh
1
NACO, DOTS
1
NAFIN (Namibia Alliance for Improved Nutrition), UNICEF
1
Nahar, Quamrun, Marzia Sultana, Kerry L. D. MacQuarrie, and Rasheda Khan
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Abuja Nigeria
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Government of Nigeria
1
National AIDS & STI Control Program
1
National AIDS Authority
1
National AIDS Control Organisation
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health &
1
National AIDS&STI Control Program Kenya
1
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectios Diseases
1
National Center for TB and Leprosy Control, Cambodia
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC) Nepal
1
National Centre of Disease Control
1
National Department of Health South Africa
1
National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
National Health Mission (NHM), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National Institue of communicable Diseases, India
1
National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), and ICF International
1
National Institutes of Health
1
National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Control Program (NLTCP)
1
National Leprosy Eradication Programme
1
National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS), India
1
National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL)
1
National Rabies Programme
1
National Rural Health Mission, DOTS
1
National Rural Health Mission, NACO
1
National TB Control Programme, Bangladesh
1
National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
National Tuberculosis Centre, Global Fund
1
National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Unit, Ministry of Health, Kenya
1
NDP
1
NDP 2030
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Nepal, Ministry of Health, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
Neuropsychiatric hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria
1
NHS
1
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
1
Nimesh Desai, Dhanesh Gupta, Ram Avtar Singh, et al.
1
Novartis Comprehensive Leprosy Care Association
1
NSW Health and University of Western Sydney
1
Nwe Ni Myint et al.
1
O. Ajose
1
O. Chokoshvili
1
O. Drouin
1
O. S. Levina
1
OCHA Services
1
Ogden Stephanie et al
1
Ogden, S., Gallo, K., Davis, S., et al
1
ohns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs
1
Olney, Jack J.
1
ONUSIDA
1
Open Society Institute - Public Health Program
1
Oppah Kuguyo, A. Matimba, Nomsa Tsika, et al.
1
Organisation de la Santé Mondiale
1
Organisation mondiale de la Santé
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Américas)
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS
1
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
1
Oxfam
1
Oxford
1
Oxford University Press
1
P. Brouwers
1
P. De Castro
1
P. de Colombani, S. Ahmedov, K. Blondal, et al.
1
P. de Colombani, V. Hollo, N. Jansen, et al.
1
P. Glaziou
1
P. J. Dodd
1
P. J. Frick
1
P. Pipero
1
P. Silva
1
PAHO/WHO
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), OPS
1
Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents
1
Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children
1
Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents
1
Patrick Smith, T. Dalgleish and R. Meiser‐Stedman
1
Peace Corps
1
Perinatal Education Programme
1
Philippine Heart Association
1
PLOS Phatogens
1
PMC
1
PMC (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health)
1
PMC (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health)
1
Population Foundation of India
1
Powers, W.J.
1
PRESIDENT’S MALARIA INITIATIVE
1
President’s Malaria Initiative, CDC, MCHIP, MCSP
1
Prof. Dr. A. K. Azad
1
Prof. Dr. S. Tahamina
1
Prof. G. N. Lule, Dr. B. Nyawira
1
Prof. Q. T. Islam
1
Professor J. Lundgren
1
Programme Grandir
1
Public Health England
1
Q.M. Trinh
1
r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH ;
1
R Loewenson
1
R Wood, L-G. Bekker
1
R. Bucciardini
1
R. C. Vreeman
1
R. Coker
1
R. Colebunders
1
R. Colebunders, A. Hendy, J.L. Mokili, et al.
1
R. Diel, A. Nienhaus
1
R. Heimer
1
R. Pendse
1
R. Saucier
1
R. Zahn
1
R.l Kronick
1
RACGP
1
Radiation Emergency Assistance Center
1
Rajesh Upadhyay, Milind Y Nadkar, A Muruganathan
1
REACT Cameroun
1
Read to Lead (A reading Nation is a leading Nation)
1
Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET)
1
Regional Office Africa
1
Regional Office for Africa
1
Republic of Libera, Ministry for Health and Social Welfare
1
Republic of Liberia
1
Republic of Moldova South‐East European Region National Coordination Council
1
Republic of South Africa
1
Republic of South Sudan
1
Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Health
1
Republique Democratique Du Congo Ministere de la sante Programme National de Lutte Contre le SIDA et les IST
1
ResearchGate
1
ResearchGate.net
1
République du Bénin Ministère de la Santé Direction de la Santé de la Mère et de l’Enfan
1
République du Cameroon
1
Robert A. Scott, Samden D. Lhatoo & Josemir W.A.S. Sander
1
Robert-Koch-Institut
1
Roma Active Albania
1
Rontgene M. Solante, Manolito L. Chua
1
Rose Zulliger
1
Rutstein, S.E., J. Ananworanich, S. Fidler, et al.
1
S.
1
S. Basu
1
S. Buchan
1
S. Colt, M.N. Garcia-Casal, J.P. Peña-Rosas, et al.
1
S. F. Jakobsen
1
S. Galwankar
1
S. H.-L. Fry
1
S. Hatherill
1
S. L. Barnabas
1
S. Lee
1
S. Mares
1
S. Meek, M. Rowland, and M. Connolly
1
S. Nachman et al.
1
S. Sarkar
1
S. Seedat
1
S. Wanderer
1
S. Woodgate
1
S.Dvoriak
1
S.Kinloch-de Loës, et al.
1
SAATHII (Solidarity and Action Against The HIV Infection in India)
1
SADC
1
Saiful Islam M. , Mizanur Rahman K., Sun Y., et al.
1
Sandra F. Moreira-Silva1,3, Eliana Zandonade
1
Santoso, A., A. Rodjani, Tjahjodjati, et al.,
1
Scheeringa, M.S., Amaya-Jackson, L. & Cohen, J.
1
Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network
1
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network
1
See text
1
Semmes, Oliver John
1
Seputra, K.P., Tarmono, B.S. Noegroho, et al.,
1
Seung Hee Lee-Kwan, et al.
1
Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Unit Centre for Disease Control
1
Shears, Paul, T.J.D. O'Dempsey
1
Sidaction
1
Sierra Leone Government, Ministry of Health and Sanitation
1
Sightsavers, Department for International Development, The International Trachoma Initiative , et al.
1
SIGN
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
1
Solidarités International
1
SOUTH AFRICAN ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME (SAASP)
1
South African Government
1
South African National AIDS council (our Action count)
1
South African National AIDS Council, et al.
1
South to South Zoe life
1
Spotlight NSP
1
Staples JE, Dziuban EJ, Fischer M, et al
1
Stefan Mauss, Thomas Berg, Jürgen Rockstroh et al.
1
Stephen N. Wong, Jane R. Campos, Ian Homer Y. Cua et al.
1
Stockholm Drug and Therapeutics Committee
1
STOP AIDS
1
Stop TB Partnership to reach
1
Stop TB Partnership. Working Group on TB
1
STRIVE
1
Swaziland Paediatric HIV G uidelines 2010 Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
1
T. Boyles, M. Mendelson
1
T. Colton
1
T. D. Benton
1
T. Measham
1
T. Nakari
1
T. T. Bella-Awusah
1
T. T.T. Dinh
1
T. Taro
1
Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre
1
Tanzania Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children.
1
Tarun Gera, Dheeraj Shah, Paul Garner et al.
1
TB a!ert
1
TB Care
1
TB Care II
1
TB/CTA
1
TDR
1
TDR Program
1
The Cameroon Academy of Sciences
1
The Center For Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The Cochrane HIV
1
The DHS Program
1
The Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
The European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations
1
The Focus Group Consulting
1
The Global Fund
1
The Global Fund To fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
1
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF SWAZILAND MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE
1
The International Center for AIDS Programm
1
the Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) and the University of Liberia Pacific Institute of Research and Evaluation (UL-Pire)
1
The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Zambia
1
The Republic of Malawi
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Health
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Department of Health, National AIDS Programme
1
The Sentinel Project
1
The South African Cochraine Centre
1
The Union
1
The William J. Clinton Foundation
1
The World Bank
1
Theo Smart
1
Tigrey Health Bureau
1
Tilahun Tadesse, B., E. A. Ashley, S. Ongarello et al.
1
Training NRM School of Medicine
1
Treat All
1
Trials
1
U. Laukamm-Josten
1
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
1
U.S. Department of Human Services
1
UN Development Programme, UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster, Health Cluster
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
1
UNAIDS, UNICEF
1
UNHCR
1
UNICEF, WHO and Save the Children
1
UNIFEM
1
Unitaid (Innovation in Global Health)
1
UNITE FOR DIABETES PHILIPPINES
1
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
1
United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS)
1
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
1
United States Department of Health and Human Services
1
United States of America - Department of State
1
Université de Montréal
1
University of Cambridge
1
University of Kwa-Zulu Natal
1
University of Nairobi
1
University of Oslo
1
University of Washington
1
University Teaching Hospital,
1
UNOPS
1
USAID From the American People
1
USAID, core group, PLAN
1
V. Andreeva
1
V. Allread
1
V. Delpech
1
V. Fragola
1
V. Nankabirwa , J. K. Tumwine, O. Namugga, et al.
1
V. Parikh
1
V. Roessner
1
V. Rusovich
1
V. Tucci
1
V.N. Nguyen
1
Wasserman, S.
1
Western Pacific Region)
1
WHO Collaborating Centre for Capacity Building and Research in Community-based Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
1
WHO Collaborating Centre for community participation in palliative care and long term care
1
WHO Collaborating Centre on HIV and Viral Hepatitis
1
WHO Country Office for Nepal
1
WHO Health Emergencies Programme in association with UN Clinic, Kathmandu
1
WHO South-East Asia New Delhi
1
WHO, HHS-CDC, GAP
1
WHO, International Cooperation of Midwifes
1
WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, World Bank Group
1
WHO, UNICEF
1
Williams, Phoebe CM.
1
Winter, Rebecca, Thomas Pullum, Anne Langston, Ndicunguye V. Mivumbi, Pierre C. Rutayisire, Dieudonne N. Muhoza, and Solange Hakiba
1
Woodhead M., F. Blasi, S. Ewig, et al.
1
Woodman, N.
1
World Diabetes Foundation
1
World Food Program WFP
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organisation
1
World Health Organisation Zimbabwe
1
World Health Organisation, International Labour Organization
1
World Health Organization (Africa)
1
World Health Organization (Bangladesh)
1
World Health Organization (Regional Office for South-East-Asia)
1
World Health Organization (South East Asia Region
1
World Health Organization (TB/HIV Working Group)
1
World Health Organization (Western Pacific Region)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Country Office for Myanmar
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Reproductive Health and Research
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
1
World Health Organization South-East Asia Region
1
World Health Organization WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization FAO, World Organization for Animal Health OIE
1
World Health Organization WHO, IFRC
1
World Health Organization WHO, India
1
World Health Organization WHO, International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
1
World Health Organization, Stop TB Partnership
1
World Health Organization, Europe
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization, UNICEF, United Nations Population Fund
1
World Health Organization, Western Pacific
1
World Health Organization, Western Pacific Office
1
Worldometer
1
WRH
1
Wright, J.
1
Xiaoyan Ke & Jing Liu
1
Y. Ono
1
Y.-H. Jin
1
Yawalker, S.
1
Z.-S. Cheng
1
Zambia Ministry of Health, National Food and Nutrition Commission and Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA)
1
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Zohra S. Lassi, George Pariyo and Luis Huicho
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ)
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (Европейское)
1
Г-жа M. Mansfeld
1
Г-н Z. T. Gavry
1
Д-р M. Dara
1
Publication Years
2020-2024
1196
2010-2019
187
2000-2009
47
Category
Guidelines
177
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
159
COVID-19
128
Studies & Reports
55
Capacity Building
53
Women & Child Health
52
Policies
38
Disease Prevention & Control
31
HIV & STI
27
Non-communicable Diseases
25
Pediatrics
24
Drugs & Medical Equipment
21
TB
19
Paediatrics
17
Diabetes
14
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
14
Community Health
14
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
14
Statistics
13
Malaria
13
Neonatal Care
12
Maternal Health
11
Hepatitis
10
Clinical Guidelines
10
General Guidelines
9
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
9
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
9
Humanitarian Crisis
9
NTDs & Others
9
Communicable Diseases
8
Cancer
8
Cardiovascular Diseases
8
Diarrhoeal Disease/Cholera
8
Other
8
General Guidelines
8
Countries
7
Communicable Diseases
7
Reproductive Health
7
Clinical Training
6
Maternal & Child Health
6
NCD
6
Family Planning
5
Under-5 nutrition
5
Disaster Preparedness
5
Bacteriology
5
Dermatology
5
Humanitarian Aid
5
Vector Control
5
MPOX - Monkeypox
5
Virology
5
Hemorrhagic Fever
5
Yellow Fever
5
Demograhic Health Surveys DHS
5
Respiratory Infections
5
Immunization
5
Surgery & Anaesthesia
5
Needs Assessment
5
Public Health
4
Cancer Treatment & Resources
4
Chagas
4
Palliative Care
4
Health Systems
4
Dengue
4
Dental & Eye Care
3
Pharmacy & Technology
3
Child Health
3
Community Health
3
Palliative Care
3
Medical Devices & Equipment
3
Leishmaniasis
3
Age & Elderly
3
Food Security & Nutrition
3
Helminthiasis
2
Yaws
2
Hematology
2
Schistosomiasis
2
Monitoring & Evaluation
2
Cervical Cancer
2
Breast Cancer
2
Other Cancer diseases
2
Public Health
2
Disabilities
2
Leprosy
2
Diarrhoea
2
Quality Control & Assurance
2
Primary Health Care
2
Parasitology
2
Key Resources
2
Pharmacy & Technologies
2
Radiology and Diagnostic
2
Rabies
1
Sanitation
1
Taeniasis/ Cysticercosis
1
Gender
1
Pediatric cancer
1
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
1
Sex. & Repr. Rights
1
Snakebites
1
Sexual Violence
1
COPD/Asthma
1
Leprosy
1
Protection & Security
1
Women & Child Health
1
Laboratory Quality Assurance
1
Toolboxes
Country specific documents
76
Infection Control General
43
Clinical Guidelines
29
Prevention & Preparedness
29
Reports & Studies
23
Children & Adolescents
22
Surveillance & Contact tracing
22
Diagnostics & Laboratory Guidance
21
Eastern Europe and central Asia
18
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
17
Surveillance
15
Treatment & Prevention
14
IACAPAP International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions
14
Clinical Aspects
13
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
13
Detection & Diagnosis
13
Preparedness & Prevention
13
Prevention & Control
12
Public Health
12
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
These guidelines aim to guide all health care providers in Myanmar, accommodating the situation of different settings in the context of progressive decentralization of HIV services. Notable changes from the previous edition include:
• diagnosis of HIV
• update on the initiation of ART<...br>
• new ARV drugs and regimens
• new recommendation on infant prophylaxis
• PrEP and PEP updates
• updates on co-infections and comorbidities management
It should be noted that these guidelines are meant for the operational level and are adapted and adopted in line with existing Myanmar context. more
This clinical management manual for Ebola Viral Disease in Liberia was developed after several ETUs were established in the country following the outbreak early this year. As the outbreak evolved, it became evident that different SOPs were being used by clinicians across these treatment facilities. ...As a result of discussions held by the National Case Management Committee of the Incident Management System, various stakeholders were brought together to contribute their time and expertise to the development of this manual.more
The guidelines presented in this document are designed to provide a useful resource for healthcare professionals involved in clinical case management. They were developed taking into consideration services provided at different levels within the health system and resources available. These guideline...s are intended to standardize care at both tertiary and secondary levels of service delivery across different socio economic stratifications of our society. more
The following protocol has been designed to investigate the First Few X cases (FFX) and their close contacts. It is envisioned that the FFX 2019-nCoV investigation will be conducted across several countries or sites with geographical and demographical diversity. Using a standardized protocol such a...s the protocol provided here, epidemiological exposure data and biological samples can be systematically collected and shared rapidly in a format that can be easily aggregated, tabulated and analyzed across many different settings globally for timely estimates of 2019-nCoV infection severity and transmissibility, as well as to inform public health responses and policy decisions. This is particularly important in the context of a novel respiratory pathogen, such as 2019-nCoVmore
The current document is anupdate of the guidelines developed by the EUCAST subcommittee on detection of resistance mechanisms. The EUCAST Steering Committee has carried out the current update. The document has been developed mainly for routine use in clinical laboratories and doesnot cover technical... procedures for identification of resistance mechanisms at a molecular level by reference or expert laboratories. However, much of the content is also applicable tonational reference laboratories. Furthermore, it is important to note that the document does not cover screening for asymptomatic carriage (colonization) of multidrug-resistant microorganismsor direct detectionof resistancein clinical samples.more
Only 8,730 asylum applications were registered in the EU+ in April, the lowest since at least 2008, and a massive 87% decrease from pre-COVID-19 levels in January and February.
The European Asylum Support Office (EASO) has released a special report which shows that the COVID-19 related travel restr...ictions and national health measures which were imposed during the past few months led to a dramatic cut in asylum applications in Europe.more
Updated 2022. This guide addresses the care pathway from presentation of the patient to a health facility to patient discharge. It considers different levels of disease severity, from asymptomatic individuals to critically ill patients. Accounting for variations in the benefits and harms of chest im...aging in different situations, remarks are provided to describe the circumstances under which each recommendation would benefit patients. The guide also includes implementation considerations for different settings, provides suggestions for impact monitoring and evaluation and identifies knowledge gaps meriting further research.more
Nas últimas semanas, tem havido uma ampla atenção dos meios de comunicação social sobre o risco de transmissão do novo coronavírus [síndrome respiratório agudo grave coronavírus 2 (SRA-CoV-2)] por indivíduos assintomáticos. Esta situação também tem sido amplamente discutida em várias... plataformas a nível mundial. O objectivo desta declaração de posição é que os Centros Africanos de Controlo e Prevenção de Doenças (Africa CDC) esclareçam a situação de transmissão do SRA-CoV-2 por indivíduos pré-asintomáticos e assintomáticos.more
The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases detected and reported in each country is influenced by
many factors including limited access and/or utilization of healthcare and COVID-19 testing, limited
surveillance, lack of knowledge amongst the population about when to seek testing, an asymptomatic pres...entation, and other unknown issues. This is true in all countries of the world, and not Africa specific, however there are factors unique to Africa which may also affect the way the virus behaves there. COVID-19 prevalence data are critical for planning effective mitigation strategies and understandingthe true impact of the disease and relevant intervention measures in Africa, which might be quite different from regions with a different population age distribution or risk factor profile.more
Rajan, S.; et al.World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
(2021)
C_WHO
Policy Brief.
Our understanding of how to diagnose and manage Long COVID is still evolving but the condition can be very debilitating. It is associated with a range of overlapping symptoms including generalized chest and muscle pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction, and the ...mechanisms involved affect multiple system and include persisting inflammation, thrombosis, and autoimmunity. It can affect anyone, but women and health care workers seem to be at greater risk.more
La détection directe des protéines virales du SRAS-CoV-2 (antigènes) dans les écouvillons nasaux et autres sécrétions respiratoires à l'aide de tests immunologiques à flux latéral (également appelés tests de diagnostic rapide, TDR) offre une méthode plus rapide et moins coûteuse pour te...ster le SRAS-CoV-2 que la méthode de référence, les tests d'amplification des acides nucléiques (TAAN). Ces lignes directrices provisoires offrent des recommandations sur les utilisations prioritaires des tests de diagnostic rapide à détection d'antigène (TDR-Ag) dans des populations et des contextes spécifiques, notamment (i) pour la détection primaire des cas chez les personnes symptomatiques suspectées d'être infectées et les personnes asymptomatiques à haut risque de COVID-19, (ii) pour la recherche des contacts, (iii) pendant les enquêtes sur les épidémies et (iv) pour surveiller les tendances de l'incidence de la maladie dans les communautés. Les TDR-AG répondant aux exigences minimales de performance peuvent être utilisés en dehors des milieux cliniques et des laboratoires, y compris dans les communautés, par des opérateurs formés conformément aux instructions. Le guide fournit en outre des recommandations sur la mise en œuvre, la sélection des produits et le stockagemore
The Guidelines for the Prevention, Surveillance and Management of COVID-19 Infection amongst Health Care Workers (HCW) in Zimbabwe were developed to prevent, detect and manage HCW COVID-19 infection, an emerging pandemic affecting the whole world. The HCW is at the fore front of this pandemic, thus ...the need for standardised operating procedures is of utmost importance. These guidelines therefore seek to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality among the HCW, ultimately ensuring the reduction of the cost to the health care worker and the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) as a whole. The Ministry of Health and Child Care requires that all health care workers in various health care settings follow infection prevention and control procedures.more
The introduction of vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) added another measure to the existing set of
recommended preventive measures (wearing a mask in public, keeping a distance from other people and regular handwashing). The roll-out of the vaccines, however, raised concerns that vac...cination may lead to lower adherence to the existing
preventive measures. The advice from the World Health Organization (WHO) was to continue these public health and
social measures after being vaccinated.1 However, evidence from other epidemics suggests that there is lower adherence to
preventive measures when some level of protection exists (for example, individuals who use human immunodeficiency virus
pre-exposure prophylaxismore
The WHO continuously reviews available data on SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. For this version, the global epidemiological
situation of the COVID-19 pandemic as of 21 January 2022 – at a time when the Omicron VOC had been identified in 171
countries across all six WHO Regions and was rapidly re...placing Delta worldwide – was considered Omicron has a substantial growth advantage, higher secondary attack rates and a higher observed reproduction number than Delta.
There is now significant evidence that immune evasion contributes to the rapid spread of Omicron. Other factors may be a shorter
serial interval (by about 0.8 to 1.2 days compared to Delta) and potential increased intrinsic transmission fitness . There is
growing evidence that with Omicron, there is lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection and symptomatic disease soon after vaccination compared to Delta. There is also evidence of accelerated waning of VE over time of the primary series against infection and symptomatic disease for the studied vaccines. Further studies are required to better understand the drivers of transmission and declining incidence in various settings. These factors include the intrinsic transmission fitness properties of the virus, degree of immune evasion, vaccination coverage and level of vaccine-derived and post-infection immunity, levels of social mixing and degree of application of public health and social measures (PHSM).more
The Infection prevention and control in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a living guideline consolidates technical guidance developed and published during the COVID-19 pandemic into evidence-informed recommendations for infection prevention and control (IPC). This living guideline... is available both online and PDF.
**This version of the living guideline (version 5.0) **includes the following seven revised statements for the prevention, identification and management of SARS-CoV-2 infections among health and care workers:
a good practice statement on national and subnational testing strategies;
a good practice statement on passive syndromic surveillance of health and care workers;
a good practice statement on prioritizing health and care workers for SARS-CoV-2 testing;
a good practice statement on protocols for reporting and managing health and care worker exposures;
a good practice statement to limit in-person work of health and care workers with active SARS-CoV-2 infections;
a statement on high-risk exposures and quarantine; and,
a conditional recommendation on the duration of isolation for health and care workers.
Understanding the updated section
Prevention of infections in the health care setting includes a multi-pronged and multi-factorial approach that includes IPC and occupational health and safety measures and adherence to Public Health and Social Measures in the community by the health workforce. The underlying infection prevention and control strategy of this section is the notion that early identification of symptomatic cases, testing and quarantining/isolating health and care workers decreases the risk of nosocomial infection to patients and to other health and care workers.more
Diabetes is a significant public health issue that affects approximately one in 10 adults globally, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90–95% of cases. This chronic condition causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is growing in impact, with cases projected to rise from 537 million in 202...1 to 784 million by 2045.1 As cases rise, it is imperative to ensure the healthcare workforce is prepared to care for affected individuals. However, there is a growing global shortage of healthcare workers, which was estimated, pre pandemic, to reach 15 million by 2030.2 Therefore, all of the healthcare workforce will need to be utilised to their fullest potential in order to address the growing global burden of diabetes. Pharmacists will continue to be essential in this endeavour.more
Hypertension is the number one health related risk factor in India, with the largest contribution to burden of disease and mortality. It contributes to an estimated 1.6 million deaths, due to ischemic heart disease and stroke, out of a total of about 10 million deaths annually in India. Fifty seven ...percent of deaths related to stroke and 24% of deaths related to coronary heart disease are related to hypertension. Hypertension is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases in India, with an overall prevalence of 29.8% among the adult population, and a higher prevalence in urban areas (33.8% vs. 27.6%)
according to recent estimates.
Awareness of hypertension in India is low while appropriate treatment and control among those with hypertension is even lower: Hypertension is a chronic, persistent, largely asymptomatic disease. A majority of the patients with hypertension in India are unaware of their condition. This is because of low levels of awareness and the lack of screening for hypertension in adults-either as a systematic programme or as an opportunistic exercise during visits to healthcare providers.more
Diabetes is a significant public health issue that affects approximately one in 10 adults globally, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90–95% of cases. This chronic condition causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is growing in impact, with cases projected to rise from 537 million in 202...1 to 784 million by 2045. As cases rise, it is imperative to ensure the healthcare workforce is prepared to care for affected individuals. However, there is a growing global shortage of healthcare workers, which was estimated, pre pandemic, to reach 15 million by 2030. Therefore, all of the healthcare workforce will need to be utilised to their fullest potential in order to address the growing global burden of diabetes. Pharmacists will continue to be essential in this endeavour.more
Smallpox eradication was certified in 1980. Mpox has been endemic in Central and West African countries since it was first detected in 1958 . It is a zoonosis; cases are often found close to tropical rainforests where various animals carry the orthopoxvirus that causes the disease. In endemic countr...ies, most mpox infections in humans result from a primary animal-to-human transmission. Human-to-human transmission can result from close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions of an infected person, or recently contaminated objects. Transmission can also occur via the placenta from mother to fetus or through close contact during and after birth.more
The Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) calls for making AMR a core component of professional education and training. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) published Competency framework for health workers’ education and training on AMR to ensure that academic institutions ...and regulatory agencies provided pre-service and in-service training to equip health workers with the adequate competencies to address AMR. This was followed by Health workers’ training and education on AMR: curricula guide, which outlines the learning objectives and expected outcomes of pre-service training of health workers to improve curricula. These tools were designed to strengthen the capacity of health workers in various settings to address the growing challenge of AMR.more