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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Manual de Recomendacoes para o controle da Tuberculose no Brasil

Arakaki-Sanchez; D.; F. Dockhorn Costa Johansen; R. and Coimbra Brito Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasil (2019) CC

2ª edição atualizada. O Manual de Recomendações apresenta as diretrizes nacionais para o controle da doença, que incluem procedimentos clínicos padronizados, procedimentos laboratoriais, sistema de vigilância, ações de biossegurança e organização de serviços. Apesar de conter as reco... more

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Care of girls and women living with female genital mutilation

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

This handbook is for health care providers involved in the care of girls and women who have been subjected to any form of female genital mutilation (FGM). This includes obstetricians and gynaecologists, surgeons, general medical practitioners, midwives, nurses and other country-specific health profe... more

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) CC

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Consolidated Guidance

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment are essential for the control and elimination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as a public health problem. Currently, in Latin America and the Caribbean, treatment for gonorrhea infection is largely empiric and based on clinical diagnosis. In the Americas... more

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UNAIDS and Sierra Leone Country update
recommended

UNAIDS (2016) C1

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NDRRMC Update SitRep No. 17 re Preparedness Measures and Effects for Typhoon "OMPONG" (I.N. "MANGKHUT")

Government of the Philippines (2018) C1

as of 12:00 AM, 17 September 2018 - 6:00 AM, 17 September 2018

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WHO preferred product characteristics for gonococcal vaccines

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

Development of one or more vaccines for Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an important objective for sexual and reproductive health worldwide, and for the fight against antimicrobial resistance. WHO preferred product characteristics (PPCs) provide strategic guidance as to WHO’s preferences for new vacci... more

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Antimicrobial resistance in South East Asia: time to ask the right questions

Kakkar M., Chatterjee P. et. al. (2018) C2

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major public health concern, around which the international leadership has come together to form strategic partnerships and action plans. The main driving force behind the emergence of AMR is selection pressure created due to consumption of antibiotics... more

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Orientação para profissionais de saúde sobre febre amarela silvestre

Ministério da Saúde Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brazil (2017) C_WHO

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Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance and Medicine Information System in Rwanda

Ministry of Health, Rwanda (2011) C2

The purpose of these guidelines is to help health workers to participate in the process of continuous surveillance of safety and efficacy of the pharmaceutical products which are used in clinical practice, thus help to achieve the ultimate goal to make safer and more effective treatment available to... more

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Situation Analysis: Antibiotic use and resistance in South Africa

The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP (2011) C2

South Africa has faced many challenges over the past two decades, accomplishing profound positive changes in the social structure and government of the nation. This has not yet fully translated into better health for the population, however, particularly the poorest segment. In fact, the p... more

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Antibiotic use and resistance in South Africa

Dr T Apalata, Dr C Bamford, Mr D Benjamin et al. South African Medical Journey SAMJ (2011) C2

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern shared by developed and developing countries. In developing countries the burden of infectious diseases is greater and exacerbated by limited access to, and availability and affordability of, antimicrobials required to treat infect... more

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Republic of Sudan: National Action plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2018-2020

Republic of Sudan Federal Ministry of Health & Ministry of Animal Resources (2018) C_WHO

The goals and objectives of the Sudan National Action Plan on AMR can only be achieved through implementing strategic interventions and activities with all concerned ministries and departments joining hands with other stakeholders to collaboratively tackle these challenges.

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Lignes directrices de l’OMS applicables aux prélèvements sanguins : meilleures pratiques en phlébotomie

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2010) C_WHO

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Advocacy Toolkit - A guide to influencing decisions that improve children's lives

D. Cohen; N. B. Karkara; D. Stewart; et al. Unicef (United Nations Children’s Fund) (2010)

Unite for Children First Edition

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STATISTICAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS TOWARDS THE MID-TERM TARGETS OF THE KENYA HEALTH SECTOR STRATEGIC PLAN 2014–2018

Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya (2016) C2

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Social Cash Transfers and Children’s Outcomes

Unicef (2019)

A Review of Evidence from Africa Accessed: 21.08.2019

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Implementación del Programa de acción mundial para superar las brechas en salud mental‐mhGAP ‐ en la Región de las Américas

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS PAHO (2016) C_WHO

El Programa de acción mundial para superar las brechas en salud mental (mhGAP)1 fue lanzado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el año 2008. En 2010, se lanzó la Guía de Intervención mhGAP (GI‐mhGAP) (1) y se comenzó a aplicar en cinco países (Etiopía, Jordania, Nigeria, P... more

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Solicitud de LACCASO ante la situación de salud de las personas con VIH en Venezuela

ACCSI, et al. (2017) C1

UNAIDS and Sierra Leone Country update recommended

UNAIDS and Sierra Leone Country update
recommended