Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium V.
cholerae. It has a short incubation period of a few hours to 5 days. It is endemic in some countries, frequently
showing seasonal variations in the number of reported cases. Cholera a...lso has the potential to cause explosive
outbreaks which may be localized or may expand to large geographic areas
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Drugs, Diagnostics, Vaccines, Preventive Technologies, Research toward a cure, and immune-based and gene therapies in development
Guidelines for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosisand patient care
2017 Update
El objetivo fue determinar cuáles son las percepciones de distintos actores del sistema de salud
colombiano sobre los problemas del sistema que están detrás de la crisis. Se realizó un estudio
cualitativo a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad con cuarenta agentes del
sect...or salud, en Bogotá, Cali, Ibagué, Espinal y Calima-Darién. Los resultados mostraron que la
corrupción, el incumplimiento de normas y los conflictos entre los intereses de diversos actores
del sistema debilitan la legitimidad de este último, atomizan la cooperación y cohesión de los
actores y fortalecen el interés particular.
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Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Vol.12 (2013) pp.234-248
In 2006, the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) published an Expert Report entitled “Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications for the Food System” (IFT 2006). That report summarized current scientific knowledge pe...rtaining to the public-health impact of antimicrobial use in the food system and the development and control of antimicrobial resistance. Since that time, intense interest in this topic has continued within the regulatory and scientific communities as well as the general public. This IFT Scientific Status Summary serves to update that 2006 IFT Expert Report by briefly reviewing new scientific evidence relevant to the goals of the initial report and providing a number of key observations and conclusions.
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This document updates the earlier version published in April 2020. In recent weeks, information on the potential use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of people with COVID-19 has been disseminated in academic journals and public media. Although there are now ongoing clinical tri...als testing the efficacy and safety of several medicines for COVID-19, as of the date of this document, there is a lack of quality evidence to demonstrate chloroquine and/or hydroxychloroquine are effective in the treatment of COVID-19. Evidence is recently emerging via small studies with sub-optimal methodologies that are conflicting.
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Considerando los cambios estratégicos en el abordaje de la salud pública y de la atención primaria de la salud, la prevención y el control de la tuberculosis en Ecuador genera un cambio en la parte organizacional y en la prestación de servicios con enfoque en grupos vulnerables y/o con factores... de riesgo acorde a los ciclos de vida. Esta documento contempla una orientación apoyada en evidencia científica y otras recomendaciones en la práctica médica, basadas en el buen juicio clínico de quien la emplea como referencia, en las necesidades del afectado y en los recursos disponibles al momento de la atención, dando prioridad a la prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de la TB.
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Guide to bio-safety procedures for dental practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in intensive care units
BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published.
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Clinical guideline for paediatric care of tuberculosis and TB-HIV co-infection
La enfermedad de Chagas (ECha), resultado de la infección por el Trypanosoma cruzi, afecta varias poblaciones de las
zonas rurales de Suramérica y América Central. En los últimos años la enfermedad ha cobrado importancia epidemiológica no sólo porque se ha incrementado la detección de caso...s, sino por la presencia, en la infección crónica, de cardiopatía, patología de considerable gravedad clínica y cuya aparición aumenta el riesgo de incapacidad y reducción de la expectativa de vida.
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El Anuario de Estadísticas Vitales, denominado “Estadísticas Vitales-Información
Básica” es la publicación anual de la Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en
Salud (DEIS) que permite la difusión en un documento consolidado de la
información estadística sobre los hechos vital...es –nacimientos, defunciones,
defunciones fetales y matrimonios- ocurridos en la República Argentina.
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