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The indicators and questions in this document are designed for use by national AIDS programmes and partners to assess the state of a country’s HIV and AIDS response, and to measure progress towards achieving national HIV targets. Countries are encouraged to integrate these indicators and questions
...
into their ongoing monitoring efforts and to report comprehensive national data through the Global AIDS Monitoring (GAM) process. In this way they will contribute to improving understanding of the global response to the HIV epidemic, including progress that has been made towards achieving the commitments and global targets set out in the new United Nations Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Ending Inequalities and Getting on Track to End AIDS by 2030, adopted in June 2021, and the linked Sustainable Development Goals.
more
- The goal of diagnostic testing for Ebola and Marburg virus diseases is to identify cases to provide timely and appropriate care and to stop disease transmission.
- All individuals meeting the case definition for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases should be tested.
- The recommended sample type
...
for testing for orthoebolaviruses and orthomarburgviruses is whole blood or plasma for living patients, and oral swab for deceased individuals.
- Laboratory confirmation of Orthoebolavirus and Orthomarburgvirus infections and further species identification should be done using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT).
- If a suspected case tests negative (living patient) and the blood was drawn less than 72 hours after symptom onset, a second test should be performed with blood drawn more than 72 hours after symptom onset.
- All manipulations in laboratory settings of samples originating from suspected, probable or confirmed cases of Ebola and Marburg virus diseases should be conducted with appropriate biosafety measures according to a risk-based approach.
- Whole or partial genome sequencing can be used to characterize viruses and complement epidemiologic investigations.
- Member States are strongly encouraged to share genetic sequence data (GSD) in publicly accessible databases.
- Member States are required to immediately notify the World Health Organization (WHO) under the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 of positive laboratory results.
more
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(6), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17060691
2nd edition. The purpose of this document is to present updated standardized protocols that P. falciparum-endemic countries can use to determine the prevalence of parasites with pfhrp2/3 gene deletions causing negative HRP2 RDT results among symptomatic falciparum patients. The findings should be us
...
ed to guide RDT selection; more specifically when to shift away from exclusive use of HRP2 to detect P. falciparum infections.
more
Breastfeeding is a cornerstone of healthy infant nutrition, development and survival. It is critical for countries* to improve breastfeeding rates in order to achieve global targets for newborn and child health and survival, as well as economic growth and environmental sustainability
Internal Document
Currently, there are only two manufacturers with HIV POC diagnostic products prequalified by the World Health
Organization (WHO) and eligible for procurement through the United Nations. UNICEF concluded its last tender for
HIV EID and VL POC diagnostic technologies in 2018 and awarded two manufact
...
urers long-term arrangements
(LTAs) to supply WHO prequalified product
more
This tool enables a rapid, systematic review of pharmacy curricula at the national or institutional level to evaluate their robustness in delivering the expected content and competencies. It can also assist institutions in designing strategies to strengthen AMR curricular content, and to facilitate
...
structured, periodic dialogue on AMR and infection-related competencies among pharmacy faculty and other relevant stakeholders. A pharmacy curriculum that comprehensively integrates AMR content will help ensure that future pharmacists have the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to address AMR effectively in both clinical practice and public health.
more
This guidance addresses one type of generative AI, large multi-modal models (LMMs), which can accept one or more type of data input and generate diverse outputs that are not limited to the type of data fed into the algorithm. It has been predicted that LMMs will have wide use and application in heal
...
th care, scientific research, public health and drug development. LMMs are also known as “general-purpose foundation models”, although it is not yet proven whether LMMs can accomplish a wide range of tasks and purposes.
more
TArtificial intelligence (AI) is transforming health systems, reshaping how care is planned, delivered and governed. This report presents the first assessment of AI integration into health systems across the whole of the WHO European Region, based on findings from the 2024–2025 survey on AI for he
...
alth care. It examines national strategies, governance models, legal and ethical frameworks, workforce readiness, data governance, stakeholder engagement, private sector roles and the uptake of AI applications. Drawing on insights from 50 Member States, the report explores how countries are navigating opportunities and challenges, highlighting emerging trends, gaps and practices to guide policy-makers towards coherent, ethical and people-centred approaches to AI in health care.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is the most severe health crisis in a century, exposing deep gaps in the world’s defences against epidemics and pandemics, and teaching us painful
lessons. One of them is that in our intimately connected world, pathogens can spread around the world very quickly, demanding sy
...
stems that can respond equally quickly. That
includes systems to facilitate the rapid exchange of biological materials and related data, to support the development of guidance and medical countermeasures including vaccines,
tests and treatments.
Based on the lessons that COVID-19 was teaching us, World Health Organization announced the
establishment of the WHO BioHub System at the height of the pandemic, in January 2021. Developed collaboratively and iteratiely with the active engagement of Member States and other partners, the BioHub System has now been through a pilot-testing phase that has demonstrated its value as a multilateral model and a tangible asset that Member States can harness to bolster their preparedness against emergent viral threats.
more
Previous Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks offer
lessons for public health experts responding to the 11th
outbreak. This review highlights that responders need
to build more trust with the communities they serve. It
suggests that language is fundamental to that.
Introduction
Chapter A.14
A role for nuclear techniques
Antimicrobials play a critical role in the treatment of human and animal (aquatic and terrestrial) diseases, which has led to their widespread application and use. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to stop an antibiotic, such as an antimic
...
robial, antiviral or antimalarial, from working against them. Globally, about 700 000 deaths per year arise from resistant infections as a result of the fact that antimicrobial drugs have become less effective at killing resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial chemicals that are present in environmental compartments can trigger the development of AMR. These chemicals can also cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to further spread antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) because they may have an evolutionary advantage over non-resistant bacteria.
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HIV rapid diagnostic test market landscape
recommended
The analysis includes the three most commonly used HIV rapid diagnostic test
(RDT) categories: HIV-only professional use RDTs, dual HIV/syphilis professional use
RDTs, and HIV self-tests (HIVST).
Protecting Health from Climate Change Vulnerability And Adaptation Assessment
Peter Berry, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Carlos Corvalan, and Joy Guillemot
Pan American Health Organization
(2010)
CC
Examination of the business behavior of Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer and Baxter in India
