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Publication Years
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1
Mobile Health for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Disease (mBreatheFreely)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Health Organization (WHO), International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
(2018)
C_WHO
The document is a handbook on implementing the mBreatheFreely program, an mHealth initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) aimed at improving the management of asthma and COPD through mobile technology. It provides a framework for governme
...
nts and policymakers to develop, launch, and evaluate national mHealth programs. The guide covers areas such as operations management, content development, promotion strategies, technology infrastructure, and monitoring and evaluation. It emphasizes the importance of mHealth in enhancing self-management, prevention, and treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The handbook also includes examples of successful programs and practical tools for adaptation and implementation.
more
BACKGROUND. Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, as well as airway reversibility. The burden of asthma in children is increasing in low- and middle-income countries and remains under-recognised and poorly managed.
OBJE
...
CTIVES. To quantify the burden of asthma in the South African (SA) population and identify the risk factors associated with disease severity in the local context.
METHODS. The SA Childhood Asthma Working Group (SACAWG) convened in January 2017 with task groups, each headed by a section leader, constituting the editorial committee on assessment of asthma epidemiology, diagnosis, control, treatments, novel treatments and self-management plans. The epidemiology task group reviewed the available scientific literature and assigned evidence according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.
CONCLUSIONS. Asthma in children remains a common condition, which has shown an increasing prevalence in urban and rural populations of SA. Of concern is that almost half of children in urban communities experience severe asthma symptoms, and many asthmatics lack a formal diagnosis and thus access to treatment. Exposure to tobacco smoke and living in highly polluted areas increase the severity of wheezing in young children.
more
Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, with airway reversibility. Management of chronic inflammation with anti-asthma medication improves asthma control and quality of life. The aim of this journal is to provide an eviden
...
ce-based approach for chronic asthma management in young children and adolescents and provide guidance on the use of new asthma drugs in children.
For that, the South African Childhood Asthma Working Group (SACAWG) convened in January 2017. The asthma treatment task group reviewed the available scientific literature and international asthma treatment guidelines. The evidence was then graded according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system and recommendations were made based on scientific evidence and local context. Asthma management recommendations were made for children ˂6 years of age and older children and adolescents, as well as for stepping up and stepping down of therapy. This review does not include biologics or novel asthma drugs, which are covered in another CME article in this edition of SAMJ.
The final conclusions are that it is important to ensure good response, treatment and adherence, type of medication, device and checking of technique are all critical. Stepping up of therapy should be done only after ensuring good adherence and technique. Once therapeutic response is achieved, medication administration has to be stepped down to improve ease of use and avoid unnecessary side-effects.
more
Diagnosing asthma in children represents an important clinical challenge. There is no single gold-standard test to confirm the diagnosis. Consequently, over- and under-diagnosis of asthma is frequent in children. A task force supported by the European Respiratory Society has developed these evidence
...
-based clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5–16 years using nine Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome (PICO) questions. The task force conducted systematic literature searches for all PICO questions and screened the outputs from these, including relevant full-text articles. All task force members approved the final decision for inclusion of research papers. The task force assessed the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
The task force then developed a diagnostic algorithm based on the critical appraisal of the PICO questions, preferences expressed by lay members and test availability. Proposed cut-offs were determined based on the best available evidence. The task force formulated recommendations using the GRADE Evidence to Decision framework.
Based on the critical appraisal of the evidence and the Evidence to Decision framework, the task force recommends spirometry, bronchodilator reversibility testing and exhaled nitric oxide fraction as first-line diagnostic tests in children under investigation for asthma. The task force recommends against diagnosing asthma in children based on clinical history alone or following a single abnormal objective test. Finally, this guideline also proposes a set of research priorities to improve asthma diagnosis in children in the future.
more
Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, as well as airway reversibility. The diagnosis of asthma in young children is limited by the inability to perform objective lung function testing in this group of patients and the wi
...
de variety of conditions that can phenotypically present with asthma-like symptoms.
This article provides an evidence-based approach for clinicians to accurately diagnose asthma in young children and to assess the level of control to guide therapeutic decisions.
The South African Childhood Asthma Working Group (SACAWG) convened in January 2017 with task groups, each headed by a section leader, constituting the editorial committee on assessment of asthma epidemiology, diagnosis, control, treatments, novel treatments and self-management plans. The asthma diagnosis and control task groups reviewed the available scientific literature and assigned evidence according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, providing recommendations based on current evidence.
more
The Country Cooperation Strategy is the World Health Organization (WHO)’s reference for country work guiding planning and resource allocation through alignment with national health priorities and harmonization with other development partners. It clarifies roles and functions of WHO in supporting t
...
he national strategic plan for health through the Sector-Wide Approach and Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II. The Country Cooperation Strategy is based on a systematic assessment of the recent national achievements, emerging health needs,
challenges, government policies and expectations. An evaluation of the previous CCS was conducted and jointly discussed with the Ministry of Health as well as other key stakeholders. This process led to the identification of the, achievements, challenges and shortfalls of the previous CCS. Through this process the areas where WHO needed to focus on were also identified. The CCS development has also been done in parallel with the formulation of the new Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP) to ensure that there is a linkage between the two.
more
The Disability inclusion guide for action supports ministries of health and their partners in both advancing health equity for persons with disabilities by identifying entry points, and planning appropriate actions that strengthen the health system through disability inclusion. It focuses on address
...
ing the contributing factors which relate to the health system – namely, the attitudinal,
institutional, and physical barriers faced by persons with disabilities across all health system building blocks. Such factors include the exclusion of persons with disabilities in governance and decision-making processes in the health sector; gaps in knowledge, negative attitudes, and discriminatory practices among the health and care workforce; inaccessible physical infrastructure, health
information and communication; and a lack of information or data collection and analysis on disability in monitoring and evaluation in the health system.
more
The protracted humanitarian situation in northeastern Nigeria, particularly in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe (BAY) States, remains a concern due to ongoing insecurity, displacement, food insecurity, disease outbreaks, and climate-related shocks. To address these complex challenges, the health sector has
...
developed a comprehensive humanitarian response strategy aligned with the three States Development plans, Durable Solutions for the Population Displacement Plan, and the Humanitarian Need Response Plan for 2025. This strategy aims to reduce morbidity and mortality among crisisaffected populations by ensuring timely, equitable, and effective delivery of lifesaving health services, while strengthen the resilience of health system and enhancing local and national capacities for sustainable health response in protracted emergency.
Supported by an in-depth analysis of the ongoing health humanitarian response using the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) methodology, the strategy is guided by three key objectives:
1. Provide access to lifesaving interventions and sustain an effective response to the prolonged health emergency.
2. Prevent, mitigate, and prepare for health risks from all hazards and respond to all health emergencies.
3. Advance the primary health care approach and essential health system capacities for universal health coverage.
To achieve these objectives, the strategy employs the “Five C” framework which refers to:
• Collaborative Surveillance: Enhancing collaborative efforts for effective monitoring.
• Community Protection: Implementing community-based protection measures.
• Safe and Scalable Care: Ensuring care that is both secure and scalable.
• Access to Countermeasures: Facilitating access to necessary countermeasures.
• Emergency Coordination: Coordinating emergency responses efficiently.
These proactive approaches are designed to be more anticipatory and preemptive rather than reactive, aiming to meet the needs of the crisis-affected population by providing lifesaving interventions, enhancing preventive and anticipatory actions, and ensuring the resilience of the health system. All actions are guided by International Humanitarian Standards and the Humanitarian Principles.
The implementation of the health humanitarian response strategy will involve collaboration with local authorities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and international organizations. The strategy emphasizes localization and resource mobilization, efficient logistics and supply chain management, mainstreaming protection, and the deployment and training of healthcare workers. Continuous monitoring and periodic evaluation will ensure the effectiveness of the response. Cross-sector collaboration with sectors such as WASH, Nutrition, Education, and Protection will be crucial to enhance the quality and reach of health interventions. Additionally, sustainability and transition approaches will ensure long-term health outcomes and benefits, bridging the gap from humanitarian to development efforts.
By adopting this comprehensive approach, the humanitarian response in northeastern Nigeria, particularly in BAY States, can be effectively guided, ultimately reducing the suffering of affected populations.
more
The IAPB School Eye Health Workgroup has released these guidelines to help deliver standardised comprehensive eye health services to more than 700 million children attending schools around the world. These guidelines direct the planning and implementation of school eye health initiatives for policym
...
akers, health authorities, and related professionals. They emphasize effective, efficient, and sustainable programs, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Monitoring and evaluation should be planned from the outset, and existing local guidelines should be integrated.
more
Strengthening resilient and sustainable systems for health (RSSH) is central to the Global Fund’s strategy, however questions persist about the Global Fund’s role in the health systems strengthening space, and the extent to which investments are designed to achieve strengthening objectives, or j
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ust fill in gaps in the system. This paper reports on findings from the Prospective Country Evaluations (PCE), a multi-country multi-year evaluation of Global Fund support.
more
On a need’s basis, the Immunization Analysis and Insights, Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD) Surveillance and Risk Assessment Team of the World Health Organization (WHO) posts expression of interest (EOI) calls, inviting manufacturers of specified technologies (in vitro diagnostics also known as
...
IVDs) to participate in a WHO product evaluation. The focus is on IVDs that are used by WHO’s laboratory networks undertaking surveillance for certain VPDs
more
2ieme edtion. Cette deuxième édition s'appuie sur l'expérience de plus de 10 ans de déploiement de la CPS et reflète les changements introduits dans les lignes directrices de l'OMS pour le paludisme, le 3 juin 2022. L'objectif de cette publication est de partager ces bonnes pratiques afin d'am
...
liorer la mise en œuvre, la couverture, le suivi et l'évaluation de la CPS. Des exemples de supports et d'outils ainsi que des liens vers des ressources sont inclus pour soutenir les responsables et les agents de santé dans leurs efforts pour mener à bien les activités de CPS et prévenir le paludisme chez les enfants vulnérables.
more
2nd edition. This second edition builds on the experience of more than 10 years of SMC deployment, and reflects changes introduced in the WHO guidelines for malaria, 3 June 2022. The goal of this publication is to share these best practices to improve SMC implementation, coverage, and monitoring and
...
evaluation. Examples of materials and tools as well as links to resources are included to support managers and health workers in their efforts to conduct successful SMC activities and prevent malaria among vulnerable children.
more
Renforcement des capacités de lutte contre le paludisme : Guide du conseiller
HRH2030 (Human Resources for Health in 2030)
USAID (United States Agency for International Development)
(2021)
C2
Le document intitulé « Guide du conseiller – Renforcement des capacités de lutte contre le paludisme » est un guide pratique destiné aux conseillers techniques travaillant au sein des Programmes nationaux de lutte contre le paludisme (PNLP), principalement dans des pays partenaires souten
...
us par l’USAID. Il a pour objectif de fournir des orientations concrètes sur la manière d’appuyer efficacement les PNLP dans la gestion, la planification stratégique, la mise en œuvre des subventions du Fonds mondial et le renforcement des capacités organisationnelles et humaines. Le guide décrit le rôle des conseillers, les étapes de leur intégration, les outils d’évaluation de performance, ainsi que les bonnes pratiques pour collaborer avec les partenaires locaux. Il met l’accent sur une approche participative, le transfert de compétences et la durabilité des interventions, dans une perspective d’amélioration continue des systèmes de santé.
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Plan stratégique national de lutte contre le paludisme 2023-2026
Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique du Togo
République Togolaise, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique
(2023)
C2
Le Plan Stratégique National de Lutte contre le Paludisme 2023–2026 du Togo définit les grandes orientations pour réduire de 65 % l’incidence et la mortalité liées au paludisme d’ici 2026, en comparaison avec les niveaux de 2022. Élaboré par le Programme National de Lutte contre le Pa
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ludisme (PNLP), il s’inscrit pleinement dans les objectifs mondiaux fixés par l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour parvenir à l’élimination du paludisme d’ici 2030. Ce plan repose sur quatre axes stratégiques : la prévention à travers l’utilisation des moustiquaires imprégnées, la chimio-prévention et la lutte antivectorielle ; la prise en charge efficace des cas grâce au diagnostic rapide et au traitement par ACT ; le renforcement du système de santé et la gestion du programme ; ainsi que la surveillance, le suivi et l’évaluation des interventions. Une attention particulière est accordée à la digitalisation des outils, à l’amélioration de la qualité des données, à l’implication des communautés locales et à la réduction des inégalités régionales dans l’accès aux services. Intégrant les partenaires techniques et financiers, le secteur privé et les acteurs communautaires, ce document constitue une véritable feuille de route nationale pour coordonner et intensifier la lutte contre le paludisme sur la période 2023–2026.
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Programme Nationale de Lutte contre le Paludisme - Plan Stratégique National 2023-2027 - République de Guinée
Minsitère de la Santé et de l’hygiène Publique
Direction nationale de l’épidemiologie et de la lutte contre la maladie
(2023)
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Le Plan Stratégique National de Lutte contre le Paludisme 2023–2027 de la Guinée vise à réduire de 80 % l’incidence et la mortalité liées au paludisme d’ici 2027, en s’appuyant sur les leçons des années précédentes. Il prévoit des actions renforcées de prévention (moustiquaire
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s, lutte antivectorielle, chimio-prévention saisonnière, prévention chez les femmes enceintes et les enfants), une amélioration de la prise en charge des cas à tous les niveaux (public, privé, communautaire), ainsi qu’un renforcement de la gestion, des ressources, de la gouvernance, de la communication et de l’évaluation. L’objectif final est de guider le pays vers la pré-élimination du paludisme, en assurant l’accès universel à des soins de qualité et en mobilisant tous les acteurs nationaux et internationaux.
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Plan Stratégique National de Communication pour le Changement Social et des Comportements en matière de Lutte contre le Paludisme 2021–2025 (PSN CCSC 2021–2025)
PNLP Côte d’Ivoire (Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme)
Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique (MSHP), Côte d’Ivoire
(2020)
C2
Le Plan Stratégique National de Communication pour le Changement Social et des Comportements en matière de Lutte contre le Paludisme 2021–2025 de la Côte d’Ivoire définit les grandes lignes pour améliorer la prévention et la prise en charge du paludisme à travers la communication. Il vise
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à changer durablement les comportements des populations, en mettant l’accent sur l’utilisation correcte des moustiquaires imprégnées, le recours précoce au diagnostic et au traitement, et la participation active des communautés. Le document identifie les publics cibles, les messages clés, les canaux de communication adaptés (médias, acteurs communautaires, écoles, etc.) et prévoit des mécanismes de suivi-évaluation. L’objectif final est de réduire la morbidité et la mortalité liées au paludisme, en mobilisant tous les acteurs nationaux et locaux autour d’une communication efficace et inclusive.
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Stratégie intégrée de Communication pour la Lutte contre le Paludisme au Sénégal
Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Sénégal
Ministère de la Santé et de l’Action Sociale, République du Sénégal
(2016)
C2
La Stratégie intégrée de communication pour la lutte contre le paludisme au Sénégal (2016) vise à renforcer la prévention et la prise en charge du paludisme par des actions de communication efficaces. Elle combine plaidoyer, mobilisation sociale et communication pour le changement de comporte
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ment afin d’augmenter l’utilisation des moustiquaires imprégnées, le recours au traitement précoce, la chimio-prévention saisonnière et l’aspersion intradomiciliaire. Le document définit les objectifs, les messages clés, les cibles, les canaux de communication (comme la radio, la télévision, les activités communautaires) et les mécanismes de suivi-évaluation. L’accent est mis sur la coordination nationale et locale pour harmoniser les actions, renforcer l’adhésion des communautés et garantir un impact durable sur la santé publique au Sénégal.
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Malaria is an infection caused by Plasmodium species endemic to most parts of Africa, South America, East Asia, and parts of Europe and the Middle East. At least 10 to 30 thousand of the 125 million travelers to these areas are infected each year. All visitors to endemic areas should receive counsel
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ing on malaria risk, mosquito bite avoidance, and tailored chemoprophylaxis based on their medical histories and travel plans. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of chemoprophylaxis of malaria and highlights the role of the healthcare team in improving care for patients with potential exposure to this condition.
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The African Palliative Care Association is pleased to publish the first edition of Palliative Care Standards for Africa. The development of these standards was achieved through wide consultation with service beneficiaries and providers, and they have been developed to suit different levels of
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service delivery, from primary to tertiary. These standards are underpinned by the World Health Organization’s definition of palliative care, and recognise that scaling up palliative care requires a public health approach with four pillars: policy, education, drug availability and implementation. In addition, the increasing need to establish specific indicators of quality and effectiveness for palliative care has been a big driving force behind these comprehensive standards. It is APCA’s wish that they will provide a framework for the development of evaluation
and performance indicators that can facilitate programme improvement and development. The standards are designed to allow the development or improvement of palliative care across the different services levels, within the organisational capacity of various service providers. They describe a relationship between primary, intermediary and tertiary level service providers, with expectations for all providers articulated through detailed criteria for each standard. It is therefore expected that these standards will influence the planning and delivery of palliative care services at all levels of health care service delivery.
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