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COVID-19 Emergency Preparedness and Response: WASH and Infection Prevention and Control Measures in Schools

reliefweb; Unicef (2020) C_UNICEF

This guidance note is for UNICEF Regional and Country Office WASH staff to help them in their preparedness and response to the current COVID-19 global pandemic. It provides an overview of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and its intersection with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and how UN... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Trainer Manual: Managing FGS in Primary Health Care

Countdown Calling Time on Neglected Tropical Diseases Sightsavers (2021) CC

This trainer toolkit is a guide for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) program implementers in Nigeria to train primary health care health workers to diagnose and provide care for women and girls with symptoms of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). It has been developed based on a pilot study in ... more

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Helping someone with gambling problems: Mental Health first aid guidelines
recommended

MHFA MHFA (2021) CC

In these guidelines we use the term gambling problems to refer to difficulties over time in limiting money or time spent on gambling, which leads to adverse consequences for the person, others, or for the community. This could include someone whose gambling is having a great enough impact on the... more

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Towards a dementia inclusive society

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

The toolkit provides practical guidance and tools that can support efforts, including planning and implementation activities, to create dementia-inclusive societies. The toolkit is divided into two parts. Part I contains background information and a conceptual framework for creating dementia-incl... more

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Framework and toolkit for infection prevention and control in outbreak preparedness, readiness and response at the health care facility level

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics are increasing in frequency, scale and impact. Health care facilities can amplify the transmission of emerging infectious diseases or multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) within their settings and communities. Therefore, evidence-based infection prevention ... more

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The Essential Public Health Functions in the Americas: A Renewal for the 21st Century. Conceptual Framework and Description

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2021) C_WHO

The document is structured into five sections. The first presents the key experiences and challenges that justify a renewal of the EPHFs. The second section updates the groundwork for the exercise of public health and provides a framework to inform the exercise of the new essential functions. The th... more

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Toolkit for developing a multisectoral action plan for noncommunicable diseases: module 2: establishing stakeholder engagement and governance mechanisms 2022

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

To maintain a structured and well-organized implementation plan it is important to have a lead agency or sector. The ministry of health or a similar authority in government will be critical in facilitating development and implementation of the multisectoral action plan.

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Facilitator’s Guide for the Basic needs-based Response Options Analysis & Planning

CaLP DRC Okular Analystis, EU (2017) C1

The Facilitator’s Guide for the basic-needs based Response Options Analysis and Planning (ROAP) is a step-by-step guide comprising tools and templates to carry out a multi-sectoral response analysis and planning of response options, in a sudden-onset or chronic crisis. Being that so, the Guide i... more

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AFRICA CDC Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance, 2018-2023

Africa CDC (2018) C_CDC

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) organisms are increasing globally, threatening to render existing treatments ineffective against many infectious diseases. In Africa, AMR has already been documented to be a problem for HIV and the pathogens that cause malaria, tuberculosis, typhoid, cholera, meningitis... more

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A Guide to Identifying and Documenting Best Practices in Family Planning Programmes

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa (2017) C_WHO

Best practices” are exemplary public health practices that have achieved results, and which need to be scaled up so as to benefit more people. The expansion and institutionalization of successfully tested best practices requires strategic planning. There are several creative and constructive actio... more

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Family Planning Realities Among Faith-Based Medical Bureaus in Uganda

Laura Wando, MPH; Amy Metzger, MPH; Douglas Huber, MD, MSc; Judith Brown, PhD; Moses Muwonge, MD Christian Connections for International Health (CCIH), USAID (2013) C1

Christian Connections for International Health (CCIH), a U.S.- based nonprofit membership organization commissioned a Family Planning (FP) survey of faith-based facility-based private not-for-profit (FB-PNFP) health facilities in Uganda in 2013. Country-wide health facilities of the Uganda Ortho... more

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Joint Operational Framework Health and Protection

Protection Cluster; UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2023) C1

Each humanitarian setting provides distinct opportunities and challenges for actors to coordinate and collaborate at strategic and operational levels. The Health and Protection Joint Operational Framework has been developed to ensure that the health and protection response during humanitarian emerge... more

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The Asia-Pacific Community Mental Health Development (APCMHD) Project

Asia-Pacific Community Mental Health Development Project (2008) C1

The Asia-Pacific Community Mental Health Development (APCMHD) project has been established in 2005 to explore diverse leading models or approaches to community mental health service delivery in the Asia-Pacific region. The objective is to illustrate and promote best practice in mental health care in... more

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Reaching the every newborn national 2020 milestones: country progress, plans and moving forward

World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF (2017) C_WHO

To complement the Global Strategy progress reporting, this report provides a detailed look at country leadership and action toward the Every Newborn National Milestones by 2020. Countries have taken the initiative to show the way forward and have demonstrated significant progress. As part of monitor... more

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Zero by 30: the global strategic plan to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030: United Against Rabies Collaboration: first annual progress report

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines, medicines, tools and technologies have long been available to prevent people from dying of dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over 40% are children under 15, mainly in rural areas of economically ... more

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Pandemic influenza preparedness framework: progress report

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework is a World Health Assembly resolution adopted unanimously by all Member States in 2011. It brings together Member States, industry, other stakeholders and WHO to implement a global approach to pandemic influenza preparedness and response. The Frame... more

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Solidarity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Rahman-Shepherd, A.; C. Clift; E. Ross; et al. The Chatham House (2021) CC

Has the world worked together to tackle the coronavirus? July 2021. This research paper assesses how the global community has responded to calls for greater solidarity in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic, and presents the insights of key stakeholders and experts in global health governance, health sec... more

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NAPHS for all: a country implementation guide for national action plan for health security (‎NAPHS)‎ - Second edition
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

Lessons learned from recent public health events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Ebola virus disease, Zika virus disease outbreaks, and other public health threats, including earthquakes and floods, have highlighted the need for countries to continuously develop, strengthen, and maintain capacities r... more

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A human rights-based approach to disability in development - Entry points for development organisations

Ilse Worm Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) & Christoffel-Blindenmission (CBM) (2012) C2

This study has been produced jointly by Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, a federally owned enterprise, implementing development programmes on behalf of the German Government, and CBM, a non-governmental organisation. Accordingly, its aim is to offer guidance to those in bo... more

Helping someone with gambling problems: Mental Health first aid guidelines recommended

NAPHS for all: a country implementation guide for national action plan for health security (‎NAPHS)‎ - Second edition recommended

Helping someone with gambling problems: Mental Health first aid guidelines
recommended

NAPHS for all: a country implementation guide for national action plan for health security (‎NAPHS)‎ - Second edition
recommended