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Antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants: recommendations for a public health approach

World Health Organization (2010) C_WHO

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Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients

Gjergji, M.; j. Bushati; A. Harxkhi, et al. MedGrave (2017) C2

J Epidemiol Infect Dis 1(1): 00003.n DOI: 10.15406/jeid.2017.01.00003 Published: September 14, 2017

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Liberia HIV & AIDS Response Progress Report April 2016

National AIDS Commission of Liberia (2016) C1

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National Implementation Guidelines for HIV Counselling and Testing in Uganda

Federal Ministry of Health, Uganda (2010) C1

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Integrated HIV Program Report April-June 2016

Government of Malawi, Ministry of Health (2016) C1

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Children and AIDS

Unicef; UNAIDS; World Health Organization; UNFPA (2008)

Third Stocktaking Report, 2008 Unite for Children, Unite against AIDS

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Ethiopia HIV and TB Strategic Information

World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa CDC (2014) C_WHO

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Swaziland national comprehensive HIV package of care

Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health (2010) C1

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National Comprehensive Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counselling
recommended

United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (2013) C1

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Nigeria National AIDS and STIs Control Programme Annual Report 2014

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2014) C1

Report

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National AIDS program - Ungass country progress report

Republika e Shqiperise; Ministria e Shendetesise; Institute i Shendentit Publik Tirane (2019) C2

Reporting period: January 2008-December 2010 Accessed: 29.09.2019

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Lesotho HIV policy scan and action plan

Beardsley, Kip., A. Zapfel, and T. Williamson Washington, DC: Palladium, Health Policy Plus (2017) C2

Policy and Legal Opportunities for HIV Testing Services and Civil Society Engagement

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Integrated HIV Program Report January-March 2016

Government of Malawi, Ministry of Health (2016) C1

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Quantification of Health Commodities - A Guide to Forecasting and Supply Planning for Procurement

USAID USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 4 (2014) C1

The USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 4, developed this guide for quantifying health commodities; it will assist technical advisors, program managers, warehouse managers, procurement officers, and service providers in (1) estimating the total commodity needs and costs for successful implementation... more

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Development and pilot evaluation of a home-based palliative care training and support package for young children in southern Africa

S. N. Naicker; A. Stein; L. Richter; et al. BMC Palliative Care (2016) CC

Naicker et al. BMC Palliative Care (2016) 15:41 DOI 10.1186/s12904-016-0114-7

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A Roadmap to combat postpartum haemorrhage between 2023 and 2030

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

WHO today released its first roadmap to tackle postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) – defined as excessive bleeding after childbirth - which affects millions of women annually and is the world’s leading cause of maternal deaths. Despite being preventable and treatable, PPH results in around 70 000 de... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Qualitative assessment of community health workers’ perspective on their motivation in community-based primary health care in rural Malawi

Ndambo, M.K.; Munyaneza, F.; Aron, M.B. et al. BMC Health Services Research (2022) CC

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have a positive impact on the provision of community-based primary health care through screening, treatment, referral, psychosocial support, and accompaniment. With a broad scope of work, CHW programs must balance the breadth and depth of tasks to mainta...in CHW motivation for high-quality care delivery. Few studies have described the CHW perspective on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance their programmatic activities. Methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative study design with CHWs employed in the household model in Neno District, Malawi, to explore their perspectives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and dissatisfiers in their work. Data was collected in 8 focus group discussions with 90 CHWs in October 2018 and March–April 2019 in seven purposively selected catchment areas. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose. Results: Themes of complex intrinsic and extrinsic factors were generated from the perspectives of the CHWs in the focus group discussions. Study results indicate that enabling factors are primarily intrinsic factors such as positive patient outcomes, community respect, and recognition by the formal health care system but can lead to the chal- lenge of increased scope and workload. Extrinsic factors can provide challenges, including an increased scope and workload from original expectations, lack of resources to utilize in their work, and rugged geography. However, a posi- tive work environment through supportive relationships between CHWs and supervisors enables the CHWs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated enabling factors and challenges for CHW performance from their perspec- tive within the dual-factor theory. We can mitigate challenges through focused efforts to limit geographical distance, manage workload, and strengthen CHW support to reinforce their recognition and trust. Such programmatic empha- sis can focus on enhancing motivational factors found in this study to improve the CHWs’ experience in their role. The engagement of CHWs, the communities, and the formal health care system is critical to improving the care provided to the patients and communities, along with building supportive systems to recognize the work done by CHWs for the primary health care systems. more

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National strategic Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable diseases 2020-2025; South Africa National NCD Strategic Plan

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including mental disorders, currently pose one of the biggest threats to health and development globally, particularly in low and middle income countries2. It is predicted that unless proven interventions are rapidly implemented in countries, in the short to medium ... more

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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis Module 1: prevention - tuberculosis preventive treatment, second edition

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

About one fourth of the world’s population is estimated to have been infected with the tuberculosis (TB) bacilli, and about 5–10% of those infected develop TB disease in their lifetime. The risk for TB disease after infection depends on several factors, the most important being the person’s im... more

National Comprehensive Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counselling recommended

National Comprehensive Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counselling
recommended