Theodor Bilharz, a German professor of anatomy and chief of surgery at the Kasr El Ani Hospital of Cairo from 1850, first identified an infective organism, Distomum hematobium in 1851, which was renamed Schistosoma haematobium in 1858. It arose from a cestode worm, Hymenoleptis nana, lying in the sm...all colon of an Egyptian patient. He also discovered a trematode worm at the same time from an autopsy, thought to be the cause of urinary Schistosomiasis. Bilharz died from typhoid fever in 1862 at the age of 37. The Theodor Bilharz Research Institute in Giza, Egypt, stands as a tribute to him today. F. Milton published the first recorded peer-reviewed article report on Schistosomiasis in 1914.
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In response to the recent publication “Is onchocerciasis elimination in Africa feasible by 2025: a perspective based on lessons learnt from the African control programmes” by Dadzie et al., it is important to clarify and highlight the positive and unequivocal research and operational contributio...ns from the American experience towards the worldwide elimination of human onchocerciasis (river blindness).
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WHO promotes the inclusion of foodborne trematodiases among the targets of preventive chemotherapy interventions. With the aim of providing access to quality medicines, WHO has negotiated with Novartis Pharma AG whereby Novartis donates triclabendazole for the treatment of fascioliasis and paragonim...iasis in endemic countries. WHO collects applications from ministries of health and medicines are shipped free of charge.
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Foodborne trematodiases are caused by parasitic trematode worms. People become infected by eating raw or undercooked fish, crustaceans and vegetables that contain the larval worms.
Snakebite envenoming is a serious public health problem in Central America, where approximately 5,500 cases occur every year. Panama has the highest incidence and El Salvador the lowest. The majority, and most severe, cases are inflicted by the pit viper Bothrops asper (family Viperidae), locally kn...own as ‘terciopelo’, ‘barba amarilla’ or ‘equis’. About 1% of the bites are caused by coral snakes of the genus Micrurus (family Elapidae). Despite significant and successful efforts in Central America regarding snakebite envenomings in the areas of research, antivenom manufacture and quality control, training of health professionals in the diagnosis and clinical management of bites, and prevention of snakebites, much remains to be done in order to further reduce the impact of this medical condition. This essay presents seven challenges for improving the confrontation of snakebite envenoming in Central America. Overcoming these challenges demands a coordinated partnership of highly diverse stakeholders though inter-sectorial and inter-programmatic interventions.
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Website last accessed on 14.04.2023
Food-borne trematode infections are zoonotic, and their pathogens can be transmitted to humans only after the completion of a complex life cycle, some stages of which take place in the body of an intermediate animal host. The first intermediate hosts of all tr...ematode species are freshwater snails. The second host varies depending on the species: in the case of clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis it is freshwater fish, and in the case of paragonimiasis it is crustaceans.
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Accessed on 22.04.2023
To target helminth elimination, a new consortium of research institutes, universities, not-for-profit organizations, and pharmaceutical companies have joined forces and expertise to establish a research and development pipeline for the development of anthelminthics targeti...ng nematodes. The focus is on STH as well as onchocerciasis.
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Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores (ETV) son enfermedades infecciosas propagadas por organismos intermediarios como insectos hematófagos, garrapatas, ácaros, caracoles y roedores, que transmiten virus, parásitos y bacterias a los seres humanos. Estas enfermedades son la causa de una notab...le carga de enfermedad y mortalidad, que afecta a las personas enfermas, sus familias y sus comunidades. En la presente publicación se revisan y actualizan los principales métodos e indicadores de vigilancia entomológica, así como las medidas de control vectorial utilizadas contra las ETV en la Región de las Américas. Su elaboración se inscribe en la misión de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) de desarrollar actividades encaminadas a fortalecer la capacidad y las buenas prácticas entomológicas en salud pública de los países de la Región. Asimismo, el contenido se ha armonizado con los principios y fundamentos del marco estratégico mundial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el manejo integrado de vectores, adoptado como referencia técnica por la OPS para la organización y la estructuración de los programas de control de vectores en la Región. Se trata de un trabajo exhaustivo e integral que proporciona a los responsables de los programas nacionales de control vectorial, epidemiólogos, entomólogos y otros interesados directos acceso rápido a la información más relevante disponible.
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Monitoramento efetivo, avaliação epidemiológica e análise subsequente são
necessários para atingir o objetivo de interromper a transmissão da FL. Este manual foi
elaborado para oferecer aos programas nacionais de eliminação da fi lariose informação de qualidade sobre metodologias e proc...edimentos para monitoramento dos TC, avaliação adequada sobre se e quando ocorreu redução da infecção a níveis em que a transmissão provavelmente não é mais sustentável, implementação de vigilância adequada após a interrupção dos TCs para estabelecer se está ocorrendo recrudescência e medidas para comprovação da ausência de transmissão. O Manual oferece orientação geral aos programas nacionais e informações relevantes sobre questões técnicas são apresentadas nos anexos. Como as circunstâncias da vida real podem não corresponder a categorias pré-defi nidas, recomenda-se que se consultem a OMS e especialistas em situações complexas.
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The content of these guidelines goes beyond the technicalities of medical needs with additional insights into community empowerment, possible access to welfare and economic opportunities and similar issues. If these are adequately explored, the health and quality of life of people affected and their... families would be greatly restored.
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Website last accessed on 01.07.2023
Snakebite envenoming - WHO official website
Website last accessed ob 01.07.2023
Snakebite envenoming - WHO official website
Website last accessed ob 01.07.2023
Snakebite envenoming - WHO official website
Website last accessed on 01.07.2023
Snakebite envenoming - WHO official website
Website last accessed on 01.07.2023
Snakebite envenoming - WHO official website
Website last accessed on 01.07.2023
Snakebite envenoming - WHO official website
Website last accessed on 01.07.2023
The National Deworming Day is an initiative of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India to make every child in the country worm free. This is one of the largest public health programs reaching large number of children during a short period.
Website last accessed on 01.07.2023
Halving snakebite morbidity and mortality by 2030 requires countries to develop both prevention and treatment strategies. The paucity of data on the global incidence and severity of snakebite envenoming causes challenges in prioritizing and mobilising resources for snakebite prevention and treatment.... In line with the World Health Organisation’s 2019 Snakebite Strategy, this study sought to investigate Eswatini’s snakebite epidemiology and outcomes, and identify the socio-geographical factors associated with snakebite risk.
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MEDBOX Issue Brief no.35: The first issue brief on the NTD Toolbox contains general strategies, roadmaps, key treatment guidelines, reports, and training material on Buruli ulcer, Chagas, and Leishmaniasis.