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Policy options to mitigate a drop in fiscal space for health and HIV following the COVID-19 pandemic — Case studies from DR Congo, Jamaica and Lesotho

UNAIDS UNAIDS (2021) CC

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and HIV expenditure, UNAIDS carried out a modelling study on fiscal space for health and HIV. From a sample of 28 countries, three countries—the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jamaica, and Lesotho—were selected to capture health and HIV ... more

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Northeast Nigeria Health Sector Localization Plan (December 2024)

Government of Nigeria; Health Cluster; World Health Organization WHO (2024) CC

The humanitarian crisis in Northeast Nigeria, driven by conflict, climate-related shocks, and food insecurity, has created immense challenges for the health sector in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe (BAY) States. About 1.8 million people remain displaced(1), with inadequate access to healthcare services an... more

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The Future of Humanitarian Security in Fragile Contexts - An analysis of transformational factors affecting humanitarian action in the coming decade

Armstrong, J.; European Interagency Security Forum (EISF) (2014) C2

The transformation of the humanitarian landscape has already made a significant impact on the operational security of INGOs and other humanitarian actors. This report serves to inform strategic policy priorities and approaches to security planning and coordination, and addresses three main questions... more

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Unlocking the community health workforce potential, post-Ebola: what models and strategies work?

Wilton Park mPowering; USAID; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, et al. (2016) CC

There is strong evidence of the impact CHWs can have on health outcomes for their communities. Justification for investment in in CHWs has been well established, but there remain questions about how to find the resources to do this sustainably. Real and practical challenges to building and supportin... more

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'I Can Forgive Now' - Evaluation Study of War Child's Psychosocial Support Intervention I DEAL

Eiling, E. & van Diggele-Holtland, M. War Child Holland (2013) C2

Despite growing evidence on the impact of psychosocial support interventions, there is an urgent need for a stronger evidence base on approaches that effectively support children affected by armed conflict. To contribute to this evidence base, and building on a pilot study conducted in Uganda in 200... more

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World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018

OCHA Health Affairs (2018) C2

World Humanitarian Data and Trends presents global- and country-level data-and-trend analysis about humanitarian crises and assistance. Its purpose is to consolidate this information and present it in an accessible way, providing policymakers, researchers and humanitarian practitioners with an evid... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Venezuela’s Humanitarian Emergency

Human Rights Watch (2019) C1

Large-Scale UN Response Needed to Address Health and Food Crises This report is based on interviews with more than 150 health care professionals, Venezuelans seeking or in need of medical care who recently arrived in Colombia and Brazil, representatives from international and nongovernmental humani... more

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WFP Global Response to COVID-19: September 2020

World Food Programme (2020) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic is a multiplier of vulnerability, compounding threats to food insecurity, while exposing weaknesses in food and health systems. It is severely undermining the capacity of communities to cope in times of crisis and has become a stress test for political and economic stability.

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Not all that bleeds is Ebola
recommended

International Rescue Committee (2020) C1

How has the DRC Ebola outbreak impacted Sexual and Reproductive Health in North-Kivu? Recommendations (more specifics found in the assessment): 1. Sexual and reproductive health needs and services are to be embedded in the EVD response from the outset. 2. Reduce delays at every stage of the patie... more

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International and local/diaspora actors in the Syria response - A diverging set of systems?

Eva-Svoboda; Sara Pantuliano ODI_ Humanitarian Policy Group (2015)

This paper examines how diaspora and local organisations have responded to the crisis in Syria, how they evolved and the challenges that they face - and how international aid organisations and disapora and local groups can better work together in a new aid model.

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Ensuring sustainable access to effective antibiotics for EVERYONE - EVERYWHERE

ReAct Action on Antibiotic Resistance (2021) CC

How to address the global crisis in antibiotic research and development. The report includes a comprehensive summary and critical evaluation of recent initiatives to overcome the barriers to achieve sustainable access to antibiotics. As antibiotic resistance will continue to develop as long as we ... more

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Averting risks to the food chain

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS FAO (2019) C2

As the number of transboundary pest and animal and foodborne disease outbreaks rises, so does the number of people who are chronically hungry due to these and other factors. The correlation can be explained by the link between our health and that of the planet. We rely on land and sea for the produc... more

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Zimbabwe: El Niño Anticipatory Action Plan, Oct 2023 - Mar 2024 (Issued November 2023)

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2023) CC

Zimbabwe has, over the years, grappled with the repercussions of the climate crisis, which have led to erratic rainfall patterns characterized by either severe floods or prolonged periods of drought. The nation has experienced a concerning trend of numerous regions reporting rainfall levels below th... more

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Plan opérationnel 2020 Bas-Uele, Haut-Uele, Ituri, Nord Kivu et Tshopo

OCHA (2020) CC

Le Plan de réponse humanitaire (PRH) 2020 a été révisé et publié en mai 2020 afin d’intégrer l’impact de l’épidémie de COVID-19 sur les besoins humanitaires existants et sur les activités des partenaires humanitaires.

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National responsibility for ecological breakdown: a fair-shares assessment of resource use, 1970–2017

Hickel, J.; O'Neill, D.; Fanning, A.; et al. (2022) CC

The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 6, ISSUE 4, e342-e349, April 01, 2022. Human impacts on earth-system processes are overshooting several planetary boundaries, driving a crisis of ecological breakdown. This crisis is being caused in large part by global resource extraction, which has increased dra... more

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COVID-19 and the Rights of Older People in Developing Countries, December 2020

Dorcas Aid International (2020) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic and in fact all crises – acute or prolonged – remind us that human rights need to be central in all recovery and development efforts. The Sustainable Development Goals will only be achieved if we are able to create equal opportunities for all, address failures exposed and e... more

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How to ... Look after your mental health using exercise

Mental Health Foundation UK (2022) CC

Pocket guide to show the positive impact that physical activity can have on your own mental wellbeing, including some tips and suggestions to help you get started. There are many reasons why physical activity is good for your body having a healthy heart and improving your joints and bones are just ... more

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Nigeria food and nutrition response plan for COVID-19 pandemic

reliefweb, Government of Nigeria (2020) C2

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought social and economic crisis that is rapidly exacerbating an ongoing nutrition insecurity in Nigeria. To contain the spread of the pandemic in Nigeria, the government has put in place a number of measures, one of which is the lockdown in the three states of Lagos, ... more

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Cambodia: Food price update – December 2020. Focus: Effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on food prices

World Food Program WFP (2021) CC

In order to understand if the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted food availability and access at markets in Cambodia, the World Food Programme (WFP) monitors the retail and wholesale prices of key food commodities (see Annex 1 and 2) in 45 urban and rural markets across the country (see the Methods sect... more

Not all that bleeds is Ebola recommended

Not all that bleeds is Ebola
recommended