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Ethiopia: National Laboratory Accreditation Assessment for Clinical and Public Health Laboratories

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Africa (2010) C_WHO

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Engaging Private Security Providers - A Guideline for Non-Governmental Organisations

Max Glaser, European Interagency Security Forum (EISF) (2011) C2

Humanitarian NGOs have made increased use of Private Security Providers (PSPs) over the last decade. There is a gap between the ways that NGOs actually use PSPs and the regulation of this engagement. These guidelines aim to assist humanitarian NGOs in reaching an informed decision about when, how an... more

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Indicators of young women’s modern contraceptive use in Burkina Faso and Mali from Demographic and Health Survey data

Regan A., Thompson G. (2017) C2

nContraception and Reproductive Medicine (2017) 2:26 DOI 10.1186/s40834-017-0053-6 Young women in Burkina Faso and Mali are increasingly using modern contraceptives for family planning; however, the LAPM contraceptive prevalence rate remains low. Our analysis indicates that social norms around idea... more

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Integrating Mental Health into HIV Services: Standard Operating Procedures & Training Manual

AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources Project, USAID (2014)

Integration of mental health (MH) and HIV programs has the potential to significantly improve health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV). This training package, which is comprised of a training-of-trainers manual, an accompanying presentation, and a standard operating procedure, was develope... more

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Conceptualising Long COVID as an episodic health condition

Brown, D.A.; K.K O’Brien (2021) CC

BMJ Global Health https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/9/e007004

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Global Health Essential Core Competencies

AFMC Resource GroupGHEC Committee (2009) CC

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Key Findings

The DHS Program, et al. (2015) C1

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Al Za'atari Refugee Camp Health Assessment

UNICEF; REACH (2014)

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Caste, Ethnic and Regional Identity in Nepal: Further Analysis of the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey

Lynn Bennett, Dilli Ram Dahal and Pav Govindasamy (2008) C1

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Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014- 15, District Profile Chart Book, Southern Province

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International (2015) C2

The National Institute of statistics of Rwanda (NISR) in collaboration with the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys Program implemented the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) to collect data for monitoring progress on health programs and policies in Rwanda. This publication ill... more

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Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014- 15, District Profile Chart Book, City of Kigali.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International. (2015) C2

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Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014- 15, District Profile Chart Book, Northern Province

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International (2015) C2

he National Institute of statistics of Rwanda (NISR) in collaboration with the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys Program implemented the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) to collect data for monitoring progress on health programs and policies in Rwanda. This publication illu... more

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2010-11 Senegal Demographic and Health and Multiple Indicators Survey: Key Findings

L’Agence Nationale de la Statistique and ICF International (2012) C1

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Is enough attention given to climate change in health service planning? An Australian perspective

Burton, A.; Bambrick, H.; Friel, S. (2014) CC

Within an Australian context, the medium to long-term health impacts of climate change are likely to be wide, varied and amplify many existing disorders and health inequities. How the health system responds to these challenges will be best considered in the context of existing health facilities and ... more

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Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014- 15, District Profile Chart Book, Eastern Province.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International. (2015) C2

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Climate change and health in small island developing states: a WHO special initiative

World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) C_WHO

This report has been prepared in response to informal requests by SIDS Member States and territories for WHO assistance in confronting the stark and dire situation which climate change has created in their countries and the impact it is having on their peoples