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Childhood health and the changing distribution of foreign aid: Evidence from Nigeria’s transition to lower-middle-income status

Dolan CB, Saunders M, BenYishay A PLOS One (2020) CC

With sustained economic growth in many parts of the developing world, an increasing number of countries are transitioning away from the most subsidized development finance as they exceed income and other qualification requirements. Cross-country evi ... more

Chinese health funding in Africa: The untold story

Dolan C.B., Malik A.A., Zhang S., et al. PLOS Global Public Health (2023) CC

The motivations behind China’s allocation of health aid to Africa remain complex due to limited information on the details of health aid project activities. Insufficient knowledge about the purpos ... more

Universal water, sanitation, hygiene, waste and electricity services in all health care facilities to achieve quality care

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

The Framework serves to guide efforts to deliver safe and sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), health care waste management and reliable electricity in all health care facilities. The u ... more

NAPHS for all: a country implementation guide for national action plan for health security (‎NAPHS)‎ - Second edition
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

Lessons learned from recent public health events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Ebola virus disease, Zika virus disease outbreaks, and other public health threats, including earthquakes and floods, ... more

Paying Primary Health Care Centers for Performance in Rwanda

Basinga, P., Gertler, P.J., Binagwaho, A., et al. The World Bank (2010) C2

Paying for performance (P4P) provides financial incentives for providers to increase the use and quality of care. P4P can affect health care by providing incentives for providers to put more effort into specific activities, and by increasing the amo ... more

Global mapping report on multisectoral actions to strengthen the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases and mental health conditions Experiences from around the world 2023

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The "Global mapping report on multisectoral actions to strengthen the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health conditions" by the WHO provides insights into how different countries are implementing multisectoral ap ... more

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure o ... n Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Public financial management for effective response to health emergencies

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has shown that public financial management (PFM) should be an integral part of the response. Effectiveness in financing the health response depends not only on the level of funding but also on the way public funds are a ... more

Managing climate risks for people’s health and well-being

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation; Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA) (2017) C1

Policy Guidance Brief 2
• The potential health risks from climate change include: increase of waterborne and vector-borne diseases, heat-related illnesses, injuries and deaths, food insecurity and increased malnutrition. The poor, women, chil ... more

G20 Shared Understanding on the Importance of UHC Financing in Developing Countries: Towards Sustainable and Inclusive Growth

G20 Health and Finance Ministers G20 (2019) CC

As a deliverable of the G20 Health and Finance Ministers' Meeting on June 28, 2019, ministers confirmed their commitment to this "G20 Shared Understanding."

Catalyzing solutions for equitable global access and sustainable financing for novel tuberculosis vaccines for adults and adolescents

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

This report was developed by the WHO TB Vaccine Accelerator Finance and Access working group, co-led by WHO, Gavi and the Government of South Africa. It sets out the working group’s shared vision for equitable access to novel TB vaccines and will ... more

Assistive technology capacity assessment (ATA-C) Instruction Manual

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2021) C_WHO

The assistive technology capacity assessment (ATA-C) is a system-level tool to evaluate a country’s capacity to finance, regulate, procure and provide assistive technology. It can be used for awareness raising, policy and programme design, and ong ... more

A healthy return: Investment case for a sustainably financed WHO

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) CC

There has never been a more critical moment to invest in WHO, and strengthen the unique role it plays in global health. Now is the time to sustainably finance WHO and invest in a healthy return for ... more

Audited Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2021) CC

WHO’s total revenue in 2020 was US$ 4299 million and total expenses were US$ 3561 million, resulting in a surplus of US$ 824 million, which includes finance revenue (e.g. interest and investment income) of US$ 86 million, representing increases of ... more

Financing pandemic prevention, preparedness and response: lessons learned and perspectives for future

Ndembi N., Dereje N., Nonvignon J., et al. Globalization and Health (2024) CC

The attainment of global health security goals and universal health coverage will remain a mirage unless African health systems are adequately fund ... more

WHO Standard Operating Procedures for Emergencies

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

This channel aims to provide high-level information and contextual understanding of WHO Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Emergencies. It explores a range of topics, from the Emergency Response Framework, to planning, grants and finance, proc ... more

African Regional Convening to Support Parents and Caregivers

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The African Regional Convening of the Global Initiative to Support Parents (GISP) stimulated the interest or engagement of almost 1500 individuals from 742 unique organizations in the fields of health, education, social welfare, women’s affairs, e ... more

Pénuries et disponibilité des antibiotiques utilisés en santé humaine et vétérinaire en France

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Ce rapport présente une analyse de l'OMS sur les pénuries et le manque de disponibilité des antibiotiques hors brevet en France prenant en compte l'approche Une seule santé. Le rapport est organisé en deux sections : santé animale et santé humaine. Le rapport vise à donner un éclairage sur ... more

Innovative financing for HIV response in sub–Saharan Africa

Atun, R.; Silva, S.; Ncube, M.; Vassall, A. Journal of global health (2016) CC

In 2015 around 15 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub–Saharan Africa. Sustained provision of ART, though both prudent and necessary, creates substantial long–term fiscal obligations for countries affected by HIV/ AIDS. As donor assistance for ... more

Saudi Arabia National Action Plan on combating AMR

Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia (2017) C2

This action plan for the Kingdom Saudi Arabia to combat antimicrobial resistance has been formulated in the line of the WHO five objectives. It addresses the need for effective “one health” approach involving coordination among numerous national ... more