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Liberia: PROFILE OF PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PREVENTION AND CARE

Every Preemie—SCALE (2017) C2

The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk factors to target and gaps in care in order to identify and impleme ... more

The National Strategic Plan for comprehensive and multi-sectoral response to HIV/AIDS III (2011-2015) in Cambodia

National AIDS Authority (2010) CC

Towards Mapping the Fiscal Space: Health Sector Financing Strategy in Mozambique

N’weti, Wemos (2024) CC

This paper was commissioned by N´weti and Wemos as part of the project “Equitable health financing for a strong health system in Mozambique”. Its purpose is to contribute to the debate of the Mozambican Ministry of Health’s draft Health Sector Financing Strategy (HSFS) 2025 – 2034

Chinese Aid and Health at the Country and Local Level

Cruzatti, J., Dreher, A., and Matzat, J. AidData (2020) CC

We investigate whether and to what extent Chinese development finance affects infant mortality, combining 92 demographic and health surveys (DHS) for a maximum of 53 countries and almost 55,000 sub-national locations over the 2002-2014 period. We address causality by instrumenting aid with a set of ... more

China’s hidden role in malaria control and elimination in Africa

Odhiambo J.N., Dolan C., Malik A.A., et al. BMJ Global Health (2023) CC

Insufficient funding is hindering the achievement of malaria elimination targets in Africa, despite the pressing need for increased investment in malaria control. While Western donors attribute their inaction to financial constraints, the global health community has limited knowledge of China’s ex ... more

Banking on health: the surging pandemic of health financialization

Dentico N. Society for International Development (SID) (2023) CC

In the last three decades, health financialization has surged in several creative ways, yet this growing phenomenon remains surprisingly unknown, and neglected, in the global health arena. Financialization in the health domain could be described as the uncontrolled expansion of finance along vari ... more

Namibia’s Second Voluntary National Review Report on the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals Towards Agenda 2030

National Planning Commission; United Nations Namibia; et al. (2021) CC2

Reflecting its commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Namibia volunteered to undertake a second national review of the SDGs in 2021. The focus is on three SDG dimensions, namely, Economic, Social, and Environmental. These three dimensions are comprehensively integrated in ... more

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ... is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Evolution and effectiveness of bilateral and multilateral development assistance for health: a mixed-methods review of trends and strategic shifts (1990–2022)

Xie S., Du S., Huang Y., et al. BMJ Global Health (2025) CC

Development assistance for health (DAH) plays a vital role in supporting health programmes in lowand middle-income countries. While DAH has historically focused on infectious diseases and maternal and child health, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of DAH trends, strategic shifts and the ... more

Health Taxes in the Polycrisis Era

Klemperer K., Baker P. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

In 2019, the Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health concluded that taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages were a highly effective but greatly underused policy tool to reduce consumption, save lives, and raise domestic resources. The Task Force estimated that if all countries increa ... more

Factors associated with the unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes in the northern regions of Namibia: a mixed methods study

Amkongo, M.; Mitonga, H. K.; Alfeus, A.; et al. (2023) CC2

BMC Infectious Diseases volume 23, Article number: 342 (2023). Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading causes of death globally. The disease has a huge burden in Namibia, with a case notification rate of at least 442 per 100,000. To date, Namibia is among the countries with the highest global TB bur ... more

Safety of artemisinin and non-artemisinin antimalarials in the first trimester of pregnancy

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

Malaria in pregnancy is a significant health problem in malaria-endemic areas. It not only causes substantial childhood morbidity and mortality but also increases the risks of adverse events for pregnant women and their developing fetuses. Most of the burden in these areas is due to infection with P ... more

ECSA report. Eastern, Central and Southern African Region - Education and Labor Markets for Nurses

World Bank Group; International Council of Nurses (2021) CC2

Challenges and Opportunities. This report presents a comprehensive assessment of the education and labor markets for nurses in the ECSA region. It documents the main challenges to train and deploy nurses and discusses opportunities for government and private sector employers to overcome these chall ... more

Evaluatin of the Namibian Community Health Workers Programme

UNICEF; USAID; Maternal and Child Survival Program (2017) C_UNICEF

In 2008 the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) commissioned a national health and social service system review which found that although some progress has been made in primary health care, provision of health services did not go beyond the health facilities, irrespective of the fast dist ... more

Theory of Change

Nutrition and Food Security Alliance of Namibia; UNFPA; UNICEF; et al. (2020) CC2

Early Identification and Early Intervention Services for Young Children with Developmental Delays and Disabilities in Namibia Republic of Namibia Namibia Regional Consultations Report

Namibia: National Guidelines for the Management of Tuberculosis , Fourth Edition 2019

Ministry of Health and Social Services; Republic of Namibia (2019) C1

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top ten most common causes of death globally and as a single infectious disease it top among infectious diseases. Furthermore, it is noted as the top causes of death among people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite recent decreases in the numb ... more

Namibia Country Operational Plan 2022 Strategic Direction Summary April 21 2022

U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (2022) CC2

Namibia is estimated to be at 94-97-93 as defined by the UNAIDS 95-95-95 treatment cascade, one of the first high burden countries to approach epidemic control. COP22 is about sustaining the impact of years of investment and partnership with the Namibian government and other stakeholders by employin ... more

Health Namibia Budget Brief

UNICEF (2022) C_UNICEF

Strengthening health financing to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage. Total Government Health Expenditure exceeds the commitment by African Union member states to commit at least 15% of their budgets to the health sector. With a sector allocation of 16.6% of total budget in 2022/ ... more

2022 Annual Report Working to Achieve Transformative Results

United Nations Population Fund UNFPA (2022) C1

Access to safe and voluntary family planning is an inalienable human right that cannot be denied. In 2022, UNFPA continued to work with Government and partners to make this a reality in Namibia by providing strategic support to the national family planning programme and ensuring universal access ... more