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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

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Miners

M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting); D. Daniels, et al. Stop TB Partnership; UNOPS; END TB (2016) C1

Key popupations brief.

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Mineros

FG Consulting Group; D. Daniels; C. Smyth, et al. Stop TB Partnership; UNOPS; END TB (2016) C1

Informe sobre poplaciones clave.

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Personas encarceladas

FG Consulting Group; C. Daniels; C. Smyth, et al. Stop TB Partnership; UNOPS; END TB (2016) C1

Informe sobre poblicationes clave.

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Atlas of Common Clinical Presentations of Paediatric HIV Infections

Ministry of Health Uganda (2016) C2

Over 2 million children worldwide are living with HIV infection and 95% reside in sub-Saharan Africa with the majority infected through mother-to-child transmission. Infected children have a high mortality with 50% dying by 2 years of age. Their clinical presentation includes common childhood infect... more

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Oral candidosis: an update on diagnosis, aetiopathogenesis and management

J. Fourie; RAG. Khammissa, R. Ballyram, et al. SADJ (2016) C2

SADJ August 2016, Vol 71 no 7 p314 - p318 Clinical Review

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25 preguntas y respuestas sobre igualdad y no discriminación: consenso-disenso

UNFPA (2016) C1

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Incidence and Prevalence of Opportunistic and Other Infections and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-infected Children in Low- and Middle income Countries

B-Lajoie,MR. O. Drouin,G. Bartlett, et al. IDSA, HIVMA, et al. (2016) C2

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Clinical Infectious Diseases® 2016;62(12):1586–94

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Rapport de Suivi de la Déclaration de Politique sur le VIH/SIDA au Bénin 2016

Conseil Nationale de Lutte Contre le SIDA (CNLS) UNAIDS (2016) C2

Le Bénin est un pays à épidémie mixte car il existe des poches de concentration de fortes prévalences au sein de certaines populations clés plus exposées aux risques d’infection, notamment les TS et leurs partenaires, les prisonniers, les HSH et les UDI. Les sections suivantes présentero... more

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Projected Uptake of New Antiretroviral (ARV) Medicines in Adults in Low- and Middle- Income Countries: A Forecast Analysis 2015- 2025

A. Gupta; S. Juneja; M. Vitoria; et al. PLOS ONE (2016) CC

Research Article PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0164619 October 13, 2016

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Combined global demand forecasts for antiretroviral medicines and HIV diagnostic in low- and middle-income countries from 2015 to 2020

A. Adesina; J. Stover; M. Auton; et al. World Health Organization (2016) C_WHO

Technical Report AIDS Medicines and diagnostics service September 2016

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The international management development programme

International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2016)

Training leaders in public health IMDP 2016 Training Catalogue

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Lesotho: NATIONAL GUIDELINES ON THE USE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY FOR HIV PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho (2016) C2

National Guidelines for HIV & AIDS Care and Treatment (5th Edition)

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Plano de Ação para a prevenção e o controle do HIV e de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis 2016-2021

Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde; Organização Mundial da Saúde (Américas); Aceite o Desafio (Terminemos com a AIDS) (2016) C_WHO

Washington, D.C. 2016

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55.o consejo directivo - 68.a sesión del comité regional de la OMS para las Américas

Organización Panamericana de la Salud; Organización Mundial de la Salud (Americas) (2016) C_WHO

Washington, D.C., EUA, del 26 al 30 de septiembre del 2016 Punto 4.10 del orden del día provisional CD55/14 8 de julio del 2016 Original: inglés

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Plan of Action for the prevention and control of HIV and sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2016) C_WHO

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55o conselho director - 68a sessão do comitê regional da OMS para as Américas

Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde; Organização Mundial da Saúde (Américas) (2016) C_WHO

Washington, D.C., EUA, 26 a 30 de setembro de 2016 Tema 4.10 da agenda provisória CD55/14 8 de julho de 2016 Original: inglês

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Integrated HIV Program Report January-March 2016

Government of Malawi, Ministry of Health (2016) C1

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Uganda Clinical Guidelines. National Guidelines on Management of Common Conditions
recommended

Ministry of Health, Uganda (2016) C1

This new edition and fully updated publication replaces the 2012 UCG and is being circulated free of charge to all public and private sector prescribers, pharmacists, and regulatory authorities in the country

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Prevention and control of Hemoglobinopathies in India - Thalassemias, Sickle Cell Disease and other variant Hemoglobins

National Health Mission (NHM), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India (2016) C1

Uganda Clinical Guidelines. National Guidelines on Management of Common Conditions recommended

Uganda Clinical Guidelines. National Guidelines on Management of Common Conditions
recommended