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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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PEPFAR: Exploring Co-Financing as a Tool for Domestic Resource Mobilization

Kates J. Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) (2024) CC

There is growing pressure on PEPFAR, the U.S. global HIV program, to increase its planning for sustainability, including through domestic resource mobilization and, ultimately, transitioning financing at least in part to recipient countries. While this is connected to a broader push in global healt... more

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Malaria Capacity Building Initiative

Schellenberg D., Ortega L. World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) C_WHO

The presentation titled "Malaria Capacity Building Initiative" outlines efforts led by the WHO and partner organizations to strengthen the skills and systems needed to fight malaria globally. It highlights the need for a coordinated, long-term strategy to build human resource capacity in malaria-end... more

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Introduction to Planetary Health: Science and Social Movement

Myers, S.; M. Herrmann and M. Otieno KLUG (2020) CC

Planetary Health is a scientific discipline, a philosophy for living and a social movement. The first lecture will gave an introduction to key aspects, latest developments and emerging solutions. Dr. Samuel Myers, Director of the Planetary Health Alliance, focused on planetary health as a scientific... more

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Expanding the Roles of Nurses in Primary Health Care

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Americas (WHO) (2018) C_WHO

[Preface]. For more than forty years Primary Health Care (PHC) has been recognized as the cornerstone of an effective and responsive health system. The Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 reaffirmed the right to the highest attainable level of health, with equity, solidarity and the right to health as its ... more

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IOM Continental Strategy for Africa 2020–2024

International Organization for Migration IOM (2020) C1

Intra-African migration remains a dominant trend in contemporary African migration. The Strategy frames the Organization’s new orientation with Africa at policy and strategic levels. It is consistent with the goals and objectives of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) ... more

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General Assembly: Progress on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases

United Nations Secretary-General United Nations General Assembly (2017) C_WHO

The document, "Progress on the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases," reports on global efforts to reduce the impact of NCDs, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases, following the commitments made at high-level United Nations meetings. It highlights ... more

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Cotonou declaration on buruli ulcer
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2009) CC

Cotonou Declaration oBuruli Ulcer Cotonou, Benin, 30 March 2009 Neglected tropical diseases kill, weaken or incapacitate millions of people every year, causing permanent physical suffering, social stigmatization and reduced productive capacity. Buruli ulcer, one such disease, causes immense suffer... more

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Migration health: 2019 activities overview - Leave no migrant behind

International Organization for Migration IOM (2020) C1

Every year, nearly 250 million people move across borders temporarily or permanently for a job opportunity, studying, to flee a crisis back home, or for other reasons. Another 750 million move for similar reasons within the borders of their countries. With the understanding that human mobility affec... more

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Checking in on the Checklist

Buissonniere, M. Lifebox and Ariadne Labs (2019) CC

The report and an accompanying series of studies show the global uptake of the World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist in its first ten years since its launch and recommend ways the Checklist can be more effectively used to improve surgical safety for millions at risk. The report ... more

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Global report on health equity for persons with disabilities

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

An estimated 1.3 billion people – or 16% of global population worldwide – experience a significant disability today. Persons with disabilities have the right to the highest attainable standard of health as those without disabilities. However, the WHO Global report on health equity for persons w... more

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Towards zero leprosy. Global leprosy (‎Hansen’s Disease)‎ strategy 2021–2030

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

The Global Leprosy Strategy 2021–2030 “Towards zero leprosy” was developed through a broad consultative process with all major stakeholders during 2019 and 2020. Valuable inputs were provided by national leprosy programme managers, technical agencies, public health and leprosy experts, funding... more

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Narrowing the Gaps: The power of investing in the poorest children

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2017)

UNICEF analysis indicates that:
- Investments that increase access to high-impact health and nutrition interventions by poor groups have saved almost twice as many lives as equivalent investments in non-poor groups.
- Access to high-impact health and nutrition interventions has improved ra... more

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Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children from a Rural Community Taking Part in a Periodic Deworming Program in the Peruvian Amazon

Errea, R.; Vasquez-Rios, G.; Calderon, M.; et al. The American Jornal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2019) CC

Infections by the soil-transmitted helminths (STH), including Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus (hookworms), and Strongyloides stercoralis, disproportionately affect children around the world. Because of their transmission associated with poor sanita... more

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ACT-A - Urgent Priorities & Financing Requirements at 10 November 2020

World Health Organization (WHO), The Global Fund, Gavi et al. World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) CC

Six months after its launch on 24 April, the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator has already delivered concrete results in speeding up the development of new therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines. Now mid-way through the scale-up phase, the tools we need to fundamentally change the course o... more

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Medicine donation programmes supporting the global drive to end the burden of neglected tropical diseases

Bradleya, M.; Taylorb, R.; Jacobsonc, J. et al (2021) C2

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 115, Issue 2, February 2021, Pages 136–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traa167. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are targeted for global control or elimination. Recognising that the populations most in need of medici... more

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Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014 WHO

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) C_WHO

This global status report on prevention and control of NCDs (2014), is framed around the nine voluntary global targets. The report provides data on the current situation, identifying bottlenecks as well as opportunities and priority actions for attaining the targets. The 2010 baseline estimates on N... more

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Sharing Smart Solutions in Water

Diego J. Rodriguez, Matthijs Schuring, Nansia Constantinou et al. The World Bank; Water Partnership Program (2013) C1

Water security, or having the right amount and quality of water in the right place at the right time, fosters social and economic progress. Where water is sufficient to meet demand, it can promote economy wide growth and enable countries to reach their food security, energy security, and human devel... more

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Guidelines for developing inclusive water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure

Arup; International Labour Organization ILO; UN Children's Fund UNICEF; UNOPS; WaterAid (2024) CC

Around the world, more than 2 billion people lack access to safely managed water, sanitation and hygiene services, with conflicts and climate change exacerbating the issue. Unsafe and insufficient WASH facilities, especially in rural and remote areas, can lead to increased health complications fo... more

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Progress on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases : report of the Secretary-General - russian version

United Nations Secretary-General United Nations General Assembly (2017) C_WHO

Cotonou declaration on buruli ulcer recommended

Cotonou declaration on buruli ulcer
recommended