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3
Zambia has completed the implementation of the National TB Strategic Plan (2017-2021) that set in motion the TB elimination agenda in Zambia through coordinated and accelerated TB response. During this period, the National TB and Leprosy Programme (NTLP) registered tremendous success.
The NTLP is
...
poised to attain the ambitious goal pronounced by the government of eliminating TB by 2030, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the World Health Organization End TB Strategy. The programme exponentially increased TB notifications from as low as 35,922 people with TB in 2018 to 40,726 in 2020 and in 2021 the TB notifications rose to 50,825 (a 25% increase against 2020 performance). The NTLP also registered incredible success in sustaining high TB Preventive Treatment (TPT) initiations among persons living with HIV and a high TB treatment success rate among drug-susceptible TB cases. New and relapse TB notifications in children below 15 years increased by 43%, from 2,724 in 2020 to 3,890 in 2021. TB notifications ratio between children aged 0-4 and 5-14 was 0.9, an improvement from what we achieved in 2018 (the ratio was 0.7). The proportion of TB patients who are HIV positive continued to decrease, reaching 34% in 2021 from 39% in 2020. Sustained increases in TB notifications, treatment success rate, and TPT initiations have resulted in a rapid decrease in the TB incidence rate that reached 307 per 100,000 population in 2021 against a rate of 391 in 2015.
more
WHO guidelines on meningitis diagnosis, treatment and care. Web Annex C. Evidence-to-Decision frameworks
recommended
The guidelines are primarily intended for health-care professionals working in first- or second-level health-care facilities, including emergency, inpatient and outpatient services. They are also di
...
rected at policy-makers, health-care planners and programme managers, academic institutions, non-governmental and civil society organizations to inform capacity-building, teaching and research agendas.
Web annex A provides the quantitative evidence reports, Web annex B summarizes the qualitative and economic evidence and Web annex C presents the Evidence-to-Decision frameworks.
more
Les Lignes directrices de l'OMS sur le paludisme rassemblent les recommandations les plus récentes de l'Organisation pour le paludisme dans une plateforme en ligne facile à utiliser et à naviguer.
Les Lignes directrices de l'OMS sur le paludisme remplacent 2 publications précédentes de l'OMS
...
: les Lignes directrices pour le traitement du paludisme, troisième édition et les Lignes directrices pour la lutte contre les vecteurs du paludisme. Les recommandations sur le paludisme continueront d'être examinées et, le cas échéant, mises à jour sur la base des dernières données disponibles. Toutes les recommandations mises à jour afficheront toujours la date de la révision la plus récente dans la plateforme MAGICapp. À chaque mise à jour, une nouvelle version PDF des lignes directrices unifiées sera également disponible en téléchargement sur le site Web de l'OMS.
more
Adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 remain underserved in the global response against HIV. Combination prevention, treatment and care programmes use a mix of evidence-based interventions to meet the current HIV prevention needs of adolescents and young adults. However, there needs to be a focus
...
on priority interventions that are evidence-based, practical, contextual and sustainable. This document highlights interventions and recommendations that have passed through the evidence-based lens of the WHO.
more
Ces orientations opérationelles ont pour but de soutenir les pays dans le processus d’introduction d’un antibiotique. Leur objectif est de garantir un accès rapide aux antimicrobiens et l’utilisation appropriée de ces produits ainsi que des résultats optimaux pour les patients, tout en ré
...
duisant le risque de résistance émergente, en offrant des conseils sur la manière d’introduire un antibiotique dans les systèmes de santé nationaux. Elles se concentrent principalement sur les antibiotiques relevant des groupes de classification « Watch » (utilisation sélective) et « Reserve » (dernier recours), qui sont généralement utilisés comme traitements de deuxième et troisième intention en milieu hospitalier. Ceux-ci sont essentiels pour traiter les organismes multirésistants mais sont souvent confrontés à des difficultés spécifiques en matière d’accès, en particulier dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire. Les présentes orientations décrivent une approche de planification pour l’introduction et la mise en oeuvre de ces produits, en tenant compte de leurs caractéristiques uniques et des besoins connexes, dans le but d’améliorer l’accès au traitement pour les patients et de promouvoir globalement l’utilisation appropriée des antibiotiques.
more
La promotion du bon usage et l’utilisation appropriée des antimicrobiens sont à la base du quatrième objectif du Plan d’action mondial pour combattre la résistance aux antimicrobiens de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), adopté par les États Membres lors de la Soixante-Huitième
...
Assemblée mondiale de la Santé en 2015. En vue de soutenir la mise en œuvre de programmes pour le bon usage des antimicrobiens dans le secteur de la santé humaine au sein des pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire, l’OMS a publié une boîte à outils pratique en 2019
more
Pregnancy often results in exclusion from clinical trials of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, resulting in limited data on pharmacokinetics (PK), drug safety, and the efficacy of new ARV drugs in pregnancy and lactation. However, pregnancy, lactation, or the potential for pregnancy should not preclude th
...
e use of drug regimens that would be chosen for people who are not pregnant, unless adequate drug levels are not likely to be attained in pregnancy or known adverse effects outweigh potential benefits
more
Organizing and Delivering High Quality Care for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in the Americas
La carga de la diabetes es enorme, posicionándola como uno de los principales desafíos que enfrenta la salud pública en la actualidad. Actualmente, se estima que 62 millones de personas viven con diabetes en la Región de las Américas y las proyecciones muestran que su prevalencia seguirá aumen
...
tando en los próximos años. La Región muestra el mayor número de años de vida saludable perdidos (ya sea por discapacidad o muerte prematura) debido a la diabetes en todo el mundo. Los altos costes asociados a su tratamiento producen una pesada carga económica. Sus complicaciones pueden afectar seriamente la calidad de vida de las personas que viven con diabetes, sus familias y la sociedad y sobrecargar los sistemas de salud. Este informe muestra los últimos datos comparables internacionalmente sobre la diabetes y sus principales factores de riesgo por año, país y sexo. También incluye un resumen de la respuesta de los sistemas de salud de los países a la diabetes, incluidos planes nacionales, objetivos, vigilancia, directrices y acceso a medicamentos y tecnologías esenciales, y sintetiza información sobre las complicaciones relacionadas con la diabetes y la estrecha relación entre la diabetes y otras patologías, como enfermedades cardiovasculares, tuberculosis y COVID-19.
more
Background
Asthma education, a key component of long-term asthma management, is challenging in resource-limited settings with shortages of clinical staff. Task-shifting educational roles to lay (non-clinical) staff is a potential solution. We conducted a randomised controlled trial of an enhanced a
...
sthma care intervention for children in Malawi, which included reallocation of asthma education tasks to lay-educators. In this qualitative sub-study, we explored the experiences of asthmatic children, their families and lay-educators, to assess the acceptability, facilitators and barriers, and perceived value of the task-shifting asthma education intervention.
Methods
We conducted six focus group discussions, including 15 children and 28 carers, and individual interviews with four lay-educators and a senior nurse. Translated transcripts were coded independently by three researchers and key themes identified.
Results
Prior to the intervention, participants reported challenges in asthma care including the busy and sometimes hostile clinical environment, lack of access to information and the erratic supply of medication. The education sessions were well received: participants reported greater understanding of asthma and their treatment and confidence to manage symptoms. The lay-educators appreciated pre-intervention training, written guidelines, and access to clinical support. Low education levels among carers presented challenges, requiring an open, non-critical and individualised approach.
Discussion
Asthma education can be successfully delivered by lay-educators with adequate training, supervision and support, with benefits to the patients, their families and the community. Wider implementation could help address human resource shortages and support progress towards Universal Health Coverage.
more
The Plan subscribes to the goals and pillars of the WHO Global Technical Strategy against Malaria 2016-2030 (GTS), while presenting key elements to address the specific challenges of the Region.
NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS AND LEPROSY PROGRAMME
